International Financial Reporting Standards

Download International Financial Reporting Standards PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113407042X
Total Pages : 1163 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting Standards by : Greg F. Burton

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards written by Greg F. Burton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 1163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Financial Reporting Standards: A Framework-based Perspective links broad concepts and general accounting principles to the specific requirements of IFRS to help students develop and understand the judgments required in using a principle-based standard. Although it is still unclear whether the US will adopt IFRS, the global business environment makes it necessary for accounting students and professionals to be bilingual in both US GAAP and IFRS. This comprehensive textbook offers: A clear presentation of the concepts underlying IFRS A conceptual framework to guide students in interpreting and applying IFRS rules A comparison between IFRS and US GAAP to develop students’ understanding of the requirements of each standard Real world examples and case studies to link accounting theory to practice, while also exposing students to different interpretations and applications of IFRS End of chapter material covering other aspects of financial reporting, including international auditing standards, international ethics standards, and corporate governance and enforcement, as well as emerging topics, such as integrated accounting, sustainability and social responsibility accounting and new forms of financial reporting Burton & Jermakowicz have crafted a thorough and extensive tool to give students a competitive edge in understanding, and applying IFRS. A companion website provides additional support for both students and instructors.

International Financial Reporting

Download International Financial Reporting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson UK
ISBN 13 : 1292293144
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (922 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting by : Alan Melville

Download or read book International Financial Reporting written by Alan Melville and published by Pearson UK. This book was released on 2019-05 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'International Financial Reporting' delivers a focused, user-friendly introduction to international financial reporting and how to implement the IASB standards for undergraduate students. With more than 140 countries in the world now using international financial reporting standards (IFRSr Standards), knowledge of the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASBr) is vital to students' success in financial accounting. Melville's International Financial Reporting employs a practical, applied approach in exploring and explaining the key international standards. With a focus on how to implement the standards, this text delivers a focused, user-friendly introduction to international financial reporting. Renowned for clear and concise language, this seventh edition brings the book completely up-to-date with international standards issued as of 1 January 2019.

Understanding IFRS Fundamentals

Download Understanding IFRS Fundamentals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470525002
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding IFRS Fundamentals by : Nandakumar Ankarath

Download or read book Understanding IFRS Fundamentals written by Nandakumar Ankarath and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop resource for understanding and applying current International Financial Reporting Standards The move to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is the single most important initiative in the financial reporting world, with more than 100 countries requiring or allowing the use of IFRS for the preparation of financial statements by publicly held companies. It is expected that by 2011, more than 150 countries will be converting to it. It's clear that IFRS is here to stay—get the expert advice you need to properly implement IFRS with Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards. Filled with easy-to-follow examples and case studies, Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards is your handy resource to all things IFRS, presenting: Authoritative advice and simple explanations of IFRS standards Topical arrangement of issues of common interest to financial statement preparers and users Extracts from published financial statements illustrating practical implications for applying IFRS Guidance for finance professionals in more than 100 countries that have either adopted or adapted to IFRS Simple explanations of complex standards A practical reference with the answers to your issues of interest, Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards serves as an essential resource for when you need information in a hurry. Stay on track and focused with the straightforward guidance in Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards.

Fundamentals of International Financial Accounting and Reporting

Download Fundamentals of International Financial Accounting and Reporting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814280232
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fundamentals of International Financial Accounting and Reporting by : Roger Hussey

Download or read book Fundamentals of International Financial Accounting and Reporting written by Roger Hussey and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is not written from a specific national perspective, but adopts an international approach throughout. It treats the topic of International Financial Accounting and Reporting as a subject in its own right and not as an alternative or an extension to the existing domestic regulatory framework.The book begins with an introduction to accounting and financial reporting, followed by a description of the development of international standards and the present structure, role and operations of the International Accounting Standards Board.While a major part of the book is devoted to a discussion on individual IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), it also discusses income statements, balance sheets and cash flow statements. These financial statements are examined in the context of International Financial Reporting regulations and students are introduced to the main IFRS relating to those statements. Subsequent chapters examine individually, the more complex standards.A complimentary copy of the Instructor's Manual and the PowerPoint presentations of the text materials are available for all instructors who adopt this book as a course text. Please send your request to [email protected].

Applying International Financial Reporting Standards

Download Applying International Financial Reporting Standards PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applying International Financial Reporting Standards by : Keith Alfredson

Download or read book Applying International Financial Reporting Standards written by Keith Alfredson and published by . This book was released on 2007-02-02 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core focus of this text remains on the interpretation, analysis, illustration and application of the scope and purpose of the financial reporting processes under IFRS. Written for intermediate and advanced financial reporting courses, both at undergraduate and post graduate level.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook and Guide

Download International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook and Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470893605
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook and Guide by : Abbas A. Mirza

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook and Guide written by Abbas A. Mirza and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook and Guide is a one stop resource for understanding and applying current International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and offers: Easy-to-understand explanations of all IFRSs/IASs and IFRICs/SICs issued by the IASB/IASC up to March 2006 Illustrative examples Practical insights Worked case studies Multiple-choice questions with solutions Technically reviewed by Liesel Knorr, Secretary General of the German Accounting Standards Committee and former technical director of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). Forewords by: Sir David Tweedie, Chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Philippe Richard, Secretary General of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)

International Financial Reporting Standards Implementation

Download International Financial Reporting Standards Implementation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1801174407
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting Standards Implementation by : Mohammad Nurunnabi

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards Implementation written by Mohammad Nurunnabi and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions to International Accounting aims to address a vital gap in research by focusing on providing relevant and timely studies on International Financial Reporting Standards implementation for local and international policymakers.

International Financial Reporting Standards

Download International Financial Reporting Standards PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821367692
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting Standards by : Hennie van Greuning

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards written by Hennie van Greuning and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in a business situation can have a significant effect on the financial results and position of a division or an entire business enterprise. 'International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide' gives private or public sector executives, managers, and financial analysts without a strong background in accounting the tools they need to participate in discussions and decisions on the appropriateness or application of IFRS.Each chapter summarizes an International Financial Reporting Standard, following a consistent structure: â&€¢ Problems addressed by the IFRS â&€¢ Scope of the Standard â&€¢ Key concepts and definitions â&€¢ Accounting treatment â&€¢ Presentation and disclosure â&€¢ Financial analysis and interpretation.

Wiley IFRS 2014

Download Wiley IFRS 2014 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118870433
Total Pages : 1582 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wiley IFRS 2014 by : Bruce Mackenzie

Download or read book Wiley IFRS 2014 written by Bruce Mackenzie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 1582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Your one-stop resource for understanding current International Financial Reporting Standards As the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) continues towards its goal of a set of high-quality financial reporting standards, and makes significant strides in achieving global convergence of accounting standards worldwide, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) continue to be important to the accounting world. Wiley IFRS 2014 provides the necessary tools for understanding the IASB standards and offers practical guidance and expertise on how to use and implement them.

Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards 2019

Download Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards 2019 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119577306
Total Pages : 1585 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards 2019 by : PKF International Ltd

Download or read book Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards 2019 written by PKF International Ltd and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 1585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2019 reference for the interpretation and application of the latest international standards Wiley IFRS® Standards 2019 is a revised and comprehensive resource that includes the information needed to interpret and apply the most recent International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS®) as outlined by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This accessible resource contains a wide range of practical examples as well as invaluable guidance on the expanding framework for unified financial reporting. The authors provide IFRIC interpretations and directions designed to ensure a clear understanding of the most recent standards. The IFRS® standards are ever evolving, therefore it is essential that professionals and students have the information needed to apply the standards correctly in real-world cases. Wiley IFRS® Standards 2019 offers a complete, up-to-date reference that aids in the application of the latest international standards in a manner that is transparent, accountable and efficient. This edition includes IFRS 9 Financial Instruments; IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers; IFRS 16 Leases and amendments issued and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 01 January 2018 and 01 January 2019 as issued by the IASB by 30 June 2018. This edition also includes some introductory guidance for IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts and incorporates the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018. This important guide is written by the people passionate about IFRS® at PKF International. PKF International consists of over 400 offices, operating in 150 countries across five regions. PKF International specialises in providing high quality audit, accounting, tax, and business advisory solutions to international and domestic organisations around the globe. PKF International is a global family of legally independent firms bound together by a shared commitment to quality, integrity and the creation of clarity in a complex regulatory environment. PKF International is a member of the Forum of Firms – an organisation dedicated to consistent and high-quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. www.pkf.com. PKF International Limited administers a family of legally independent firms and does not accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions of any individual member or correspondent firm or firms. All rights reserved.

Financial Accounting

Download Financial Accounting PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780273773436
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (734 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Financial Accounting by : David Alexander

Download or read book Financial Accounting written by David Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial Accounting is the ideal introductory book to anyone with little prior knowledge or new to this subject area. Its clear writing style and unique international focus builds on the success of the previous editions. This fully updated text uses the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as its framework to explain key concepts and practices while linking them with contemporary and real world examples from Europe, US and beyond. 'A hugely enjoyable and informative book with an international focus' Eleimon Gonis, University of the West of England, Bristol 'This book will be welcomed by students and academics alike. The text is easy to read and well laid out, the case studies are very helpful, and it is supplemented by a good range of quality supporting material' Christopher Coles, Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Glasgow What's new! Updated to be fully compliant with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) New coverage on ethics and corporate social accounting, creative accounting and groups as reporting entities Expanded discussion of revenue recognition and Islamic accounting and finance Numerous examples taken from European Union (EU) and the wider European Economic Area (EEA), showing the rules and practices of particular European countries or companies New end-of-chapter practice questions with guided solutions The text is ideal for undergraduates and MBA students worldwide, taking a first course in financial accounting. Visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/alexander to find valuable online resources for both students and lecturers, including links to relevant websites, additional practice questions, an instructor's manual and full set of power point slides. David Alexander is Professor Emeritus of Accounting at the University of Birmingham Business School, England. Christopher Nobes is Professor of Accounting at Royal Holloway, University of London, England. He is also Professor at the University of Sydney, and Adjunct Professor at the Norwegian Business School. From 1993 to 2001 he was a member of the board of the International Accounting Standards Committee.

Wiley IFRS 2016

Download Wiley IFRS 2016 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119104394
Total Pages : 1554 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wiley IFRS 2016 by : PKF International Ltd

Download or read book Wiley IFRS 2016 written by PKF International Ltd and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 1554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurately understand and implement the latest IFRS updates Wiley IFRS 2016 is your one-stop resource for understanding and implementing the current International Financial Reporting Standards as dictated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Fully updated to cover the latest standards and IFRIC interpretations, this book provides clear and concise explanation alongside practical implementation guidance. The information is organized by topic for ease of navigation, making it ideal for both quick reference and in-depth study, with general statement guidance followed by topic-specific discussion. The Disclosure Checklist helps you ensure full compliance at a glance, and advice for first-time adopters helps smooth the initial implementation process. The goal of the International Accounting Standards Board is to achieve global convergence of accounting standards, which will lead to uniformity in financial reporting around the world. Annual updates to the IFRS are a part of these efforts, so staying up to date is an essential part of compliance. This informative guide is your ideal reference, with the latest 2016 updates and practical advice. Understand the framework that unifies the IFRS Interpret and apply the standards correctly Verify compliance and completeness Get expert guidance on implementing the new and updated standard More and more countries around the globe are either adopting IFRS as their national standards, or adapting existing local standards to more closely align with those set by the IASB. Uniform reporting reduces the cost of financial statement preparation for multinational companies, and facilitates the jobs of investment analysts, investors, and others in assessing business results. Wiley IFRS 2016 gives you the explanation, interpretation, and practical guidance you need to ensure full compliance.

Wiley 2021 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards

Download Wiley 2021 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111981863X
Total Pages : 1011 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wiley 2021 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards by : PKF International Ltd

Download or read book Wiley 2021 Interpretation and Application of IFRS Standards written by PKF International Ltd and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 1011 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS® Standards The 2021 reference for the interpretation and application of the latest international standards Wiley IFRS® Standards 2021 is a revised and comprehensive resource that includes the information needed to interpret and apply the most recent International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS®) as outlined by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This accessible resource contains a wide range of practical examples as well as invaluable guidance on the expanding framework for unified financial reporting. The authors provide IFRIC interpretations and directions designed to ensure a clear understanding of the most recent standards. The IFRS® standards are ever evolving, therefore it is essential that professionals and students have the information needed to apply the standards correctly in real-world cases. Wiley IFRS® Standards 2021 offers a complete, up-to-date reference that aids in the application of the latest international standards in a manner that is transparent, accountable and efficient. This edition includes IFRS 9 Financial Instruments; IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers; IFRS 16 Leases and amendments issued and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 01 January 2020 as issued by the IASB by 30 June 2020. This edition also includes some introductory guidance for IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts and incorporates the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018. This guide is written by the people passionate about IFRS® at PKF International. PKF International member firms specialise in providing high quality audit, accounting, tax, and business advisory solutions to international and domestic organisations around the globe. PKF International is a member of the Forum of Firms – an organisation dedicated to consistent and high-quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. www.pkf.com. PKF International Limited administers a family of legally independent firms and does not accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions of any individual member or correspondent firm or firms. All rights reserved.

International Financial Reporting PDF eBook

Download International Financial Reporting PDF eBook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Higher Ed
ISBN 13 : 1292200766
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (922 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting PDF eBook by : Alan Melville

Download or read book International Financial Reporting PDF eBook written by Alan Melville and published by Pearson Higher Ed. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 120 countries in the world now using international financial reporting standards (IFRS® Standards), knowledge of the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB®) is vital to students’ success in financial accounting. Melville’s International Financial Reporting employs a practical, applied approach in exploring and explaining the key international standards. With a focus on how to implement the standards, this text delivers a focused, user-friendly introduction to international financial reporting. Renowned for clear and concise language, this sixth edition brings the book completely up-to-date with international standards issued as of 1 January 2017. Key features Unique practical approach Class-tested by professional and degree students Worked examples with solutions in every chapter Chapter-end exercises featuring questions from past exam papers of key professional accountancy bodies

Applying IFRS Standards

Download Applying IFRS Standards PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119159229
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applying IFRS Standards by : Ruth Picker

Download or read book Applying IFRS Standards written by Ruth Picker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the main concepts of IFRS Standards The fourth edition of Applying IFRS Standards explains the core principles of International Financial Reporting (IFRS) Standards. It also addresses the skills needed to apply the standards in business environments. The book begins with an overview of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and how it establishes accounting standards. The general book topics are then covered in detail and include: income taxes, financial instruments, fair value measurement, property, inventories, employee benefits and more. Discussion questions, exercises and references are provided throughout the book.

International Financial Statement Analysis

Download International Financial Statement Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118235126
Total Pages : 950 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Statement Analysis by : Thomas R. Robinson

Download or read book International Financial Statement Analysis written by Thomas R. Robinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-04 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information on using financial statement analysis to successfully assess company performance, from the seasoned experts at the CFA Institute Designed to help investment professionals and students effectively evaluate financial statements in today's international and volatile markets, amid an uncertain global economic climate, International Financial Statement Analysis, Second Edition compiles unparalleled wisdom from the CFA in one comprehensive volume. Written by a distinguished team of authors and experienced contributors, the book provides complete coverage of the key financial field of statement analysis. Fully updated with new standards and methods for a post crisis world, this Second Edition covers the mechanics of the accounting process; the foundation for financial reporting; the differences and similarities in income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements around the world; examines the implications for securities valuation of any financial statement element or transaction, and shows how different financial statement analysis techniques can provide valuable clues into a company's operations and risk characteristics. Financial statement analysis allows for realistic valuations of investment, lending, or merger and acquisition opportunities Essential reading for financial analysts, investment analysts, portfolio managers, asset allocators, graduate students, and others interested in this important field of finance Includes key coverage of income tax accounting and reporting, the difficulty of measuring the value of employee compensation, and the impact of foreign exchange rates on the financial statements of multinational corporations Financial statement analysis gives investment professionals important insights into the true financial condition of a company, and International Financial Statement Analysis, Second Edition puts the full knowledge of the CFA at your fingertips.

International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference

Download International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047171450X
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference by : Roger Hussey

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference written by Roger Hussey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-04-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is written by authors who clearly understand the challenges facing all who seek to understand and apply international standards. I recommend it to you." —From the Foreword by Sir David Tweedie Chair of the International Accounting Standards Board In this defining resource, authors Roger Hussey and Audra Ong have compiled everything accountants, executives, and organizations in different countries need to reach agreement on accounting rules and standards. International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference includes a background on how the movement toward a common language for international accounting evolved to its present state, summarizes existing standards highlighting the key issues covered, and captures those terms and phrases that are fundamental to an understanding of the common language of global business. Written to help readers fully comprehend this global language, International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference includes: An overview of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) and Inter-national Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and their impact A dictionary of words and phrases used in the international business world, with a strong emphasis on terms used by the International Accounting Standards Board History of the International Accounting Standards Board: how it was formed, its structure, and the way it operates Insights on future trends of the International Accounting Standards Board