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International Competition In China 1899 1991
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Book Synopsis International Competition in China, 1899-1991 by : Bruce A. Elleman
Download or read book International Competition in China, 1899-1991 written by Bruce A. Elleman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's recent economic reforms have opened its economy to the world. This policy, however, is not new: in the late nineteenth century, the United States put forward the Open Door Policy as a counter to European exclusive 'spheres of influence' in China. This book, based on extensive original archival research, examines and re-evaluates China's Open Door Policy. It considers the policy from its inception in 1899 right through to the post-1978 reforms. It relates these changes to the various shifts in China’s international relations, discusses how decades of foreign invasion, civil war and revolution followed the destruction of the policy in the 1920s, and considers how the policy, when applied in Taiwan after 1949, and by Deng Xiaoping in mainland China after 1978, was instrumental in bringing about, respectively, Taiwan's 'economic miracle' and mainland China’s recent economic boom. The book argues that, although the policy was characterised as United States 'economic imperialism' during the Cold War, in reality it helped China retain its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Book Synopsis International Competition in China, 1899-1991 by : Bruce A. Elleman
Download or read book International Competition in China, 1899-1991 written by Bruce A. Elleman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's recent economic reforms have opened its economy to the world. This policy, however, is not new: in the late nineteenth century, the United States put forward the Open Door Policy as a counter to European exclusive 'spheres of influence' in China. This book, based on extensive original archival research, examines and re-evaluates China's Open Door Policy. It considers the policy from its inception in 1899 right through to the post-1978 reforms. It relates these changes to the various shifts in China's international relations, discusses how decades of foreign invasion, civil war and revo.
Book Synopsis International Rivalry and Secret Diplomacy in East Asia, 1896-1950 by : Bruce A. Elleman
Download or read book International Rivalry and Secret Diplomacy in East Asia, 1896-1950 written by Bruce A. Elleman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: East Asia was a major focus of struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War of 1945 to 1991, with multiple "hot" and "cold" conflicts in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The struggle for predominance in East Asia, however, largely predated the Cold War, as this book shows, with many examples of the United States and Russia/the Soviet Union working to exercise and increase control in the region. The book focuses on secret treaties, 26 of them, signed from the mid-1890s through 1950, when secret agreements between China and the USSR, including several concerning the Chinese Eastern Railway, gave Russia greater control over Manchuria and Outer Mongolia. One of the most important was negotiated in 1945, when Stalin signed the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty with Chiang Kai-shek and the Chinese Nationalists, that included a secret protocol granting the Soviet Navy sea control over the Manchurian littorals. This secret protocol excluded the US Navy from landing Nationalist troops at the major Manchurian ports, thereby guaranteeing the Chinese Communist victory in Northeast China; from Manchuria, the Chinese Communists quickly spread south to take all of Mainland China. To a large degree, therefore, this formerly undiscussed secret diplomacy set the underlying conditions for the Cold War in East Asia.
Download or read book Modern China written by Bruce A. Elleman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a fully updated edition, this accessible text provides a balanced history of modern China in a global context. The authors focus especially on China’s culture, warfare, and immediate neighbors and provide a unique comparative approach to bridge the cultural divide separating Chinese history from Western readers trying to understand it.
Book Synopsis Regional Institutions, Geopolitics and Economics in the Asia-Pacific by : Steven B. Rothman
Download or read book Regional Institutions, Geopolitics and Economics in the Asia-Pacific written by Steven B. Rothman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and geopolitical expansion -- The Indo-Pacific: a strategic coupling -- Diversity and contested definitions -- Security issues of the Indian Ocean region -- Maritime commerce of the Indian Ocean region -- Prosperity and the emerging geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific -- Traditional interests, evolving priorities -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 13: Conclusions: interests and strategies in Asian regional institutional development -- International interests -- Strategies of engagement -- Future of Asian cooperation -- Theoretical impact -- Summary -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index
Book Synopsis Stalin, Japan, and the Struggle for Supremacy over China, 1894–1945 by : Hiroaki Kuromiya
Download or read book Stalin, Japan, and the Struggle for Supremacy over China, 1894–1945 written by Hiroaki Kuromiya and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stalin was a master of deception, disinformation, and camouflage, by means of which he gained supremacy over China and defeated imperialism on Chinese soil. This book examines Stalin’s covert operations in his hunt for supremacy. By the late 1920s Britain had ceded place to Japan as Stalin’s main enemy in Asia. By seducing Japan deeply into China, Stalin successfully turned Japan’s aggression into a weapon of its own destruction. The book examines Stalin’s covert operations from the murder of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin in 1928 and the publication of the forged “Tanaka Memorial” in 1929, to Stalin’s hidden role in Japan’s invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the outbreak of all-out war between China and Japan in 1937, and Japan’s defeat in 1945. In the shadow of these and other events we find Stalin and his secret operatives, including many Chinese and Japanese collaborators, most notably Zhang Xueliang and Kōmoto Daisaku, the self-professed assassin of Zhang Zuolin. The book challenges accounts of the turbulent history of inter-war East Asia that have ignored or minimized Stalin’s presence and instead exposes and analyzes Stalin’s secret modus operandi, modernized as “hybrid war” in today’s Russia. The book is essential for students and specialists of Stalin, China, the Soviet Union, Japan, and East Asia.
Book Synopsis The United States Navy’s Pivot to Asia by : Bruce A. Elleman
Download or read book The United States Navy’s Pivot to Asia written by Bruce A. Elleman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the origins of the US Navy’s 2007 Maritime Strategy, the formation of the US government’s “Pivot to Asia” strategy, and the most recent revisions to this strategy that focus more specifically on China. Besides examining the details of this strategy formulation, the book explores the internal and external repercussions on the US Navy of the Pivot to Asia. It discusses the “Fat Leonard” scandal, which involved bribery and corruption in contracts for the maintenance of the US fleets in the region, and considers the sharp decrease in training and readiness of the Pacific fleet to support the pivot, which in turn led to serious maritime collisions. It also assesses the impact of the pivot on other countries in the region, engaging in the debate as to whether the pivot was necessary in order to convince the countries of the region that the United States had not lost its staying power, or whether the pivot managed to make tensions in the Asia-Pacific worse even while allowing the strategic situation in the Middle East and Europe to worsen as a result of neglect.
Book Synopsis The Nomadic Leviathan by : Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene
Download or read book The Nomadic Leviathan written by Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-05-08 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devised to legitimize the Republic of China’s claim over Inner Asia, the Sinocentric paradigm stems from the Open Door Policy and Chinese nationalism. Advanced against the conquest theory, and rationalized as the pathfinding ecological theory, it is an evolutionary materialist scheme that became the vision of history. Exposing the initial agenda of this paradigm and revealing its fundamental contradictions, The Nomadic Leviathan debunks it as a myth. Resurrecting the conquest theory, and reinforcing it with the idea of extrahuman transportation, this book places pastoralism at the origin of the state and civilization, and the Eurasian steppe at the center of human history; the political emerges as the primary and fundamental order defining the social and economic.
Book Synopsis Globalizing the Soybean by : Ines Prodöhl
Download or read book Globalizing the Soybean written by Ines Prodöhl and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalizing the Soybean asks how the soybean conquered the West and analyzes why and how the crop gained entry into agriculture and industry in regions beyond Asia in the first half of the twentieth century. Historian Ines Prodöhl describes the soybean’s journey centered on three hubs: Northeast China, as the crop’s main growing area up to the Second World War; Germany, to where most of the beans in the interwar period were shipped; and the United States, which became the leading cultivator of soy worldwide during the 1940s. This book explores the German and U.S. adoption of the soybean being closely tied to global economic and political changes, such as the two world wars and the Great Depression. The attraction of the soybean to stakeholders on both sides of the Atlantic was linked to a need for cheap alternatives to butter and lard and a desire for greater quantities of meat, which led to the soybean becoming a cheap resource for fat and fodder. Only occasionally was it also used as food. This volume is useful for anyone who is studying or interested in economic history and commodity trading in the twentieth century. It is also connected to the histories of capitalism, globalization, imperialism, and materiality.
Book Synopsis From Quills to Tweets by : Andrea J. Dew
Download or read book From Quills to Tweets written by Andrea J. Dew and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While today's presidential tweets may seem a light-year apart from the scratch of quill pens during the era of the American Revolution, the importance of political communication is eternal. This book explores the roles that political narratives, media coverage, and evolving communication technologies have played in precipitating, shaping, and concluding or prolonging wars and revolutions over the course of US history. The case studies begin with the Sons of Liberty in the era of the American Revolution, cover American wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and conclude with a look at the conflict against ISIS in the Trump era. Special chapters also examine how propagandists shaped American perceptions of two revolutions of international significance: the Russian Revolution and the Chinese Revolution. Each chapter analyzes its subject through the lens of the messengers, messages, and communications-technology-media to reveal the effects on public opinion and the trajectory and conduct of the conflict. The chapters collectively provide an overview of the history of American strategic communications on wars and revolutions that will interest scholars, students, and communications strategists.
Book Synopsis Britain's Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931 by : Phoebe Chow
Download or read book Britain's Imperial Retreat from China, 1900-1931 written by Phoebe Chow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Britain’s relationship with China in the nineteenth and early twentieth century is often viewed in terms of gunboat diplomacy, unequal treaties, and the unrelenting pursuit of Britain’s own commercial interests. This book, however, based on extensive original research, demonstrates that in Britain after the First World War a combination of liberal, Labour party, pacifist, missionary and some business opinion began to argue for imperial retreat from China, and that this movement gathered sufficient momentum for a sympathetic attitude to Chinese demands becoming official Foreign Office policy in 1926. The book considers the various strands of this movement, relates developments in Britain to the changing situation in China, especially the rise of nationalism and the Guomindang, and argues that, contrary to what many people think, the reassertion of China’s national rights was begun successfully in this period rather than after the Communist takeover in 1949.
Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of Russia's Far Eastern Republic, 1905–1922 by : Ivan Sablin
Download or read book The Rise and Fall of Russia's Far Eastern Republic, 1905–1922 written by Ivan Sablin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Russian Far East was a remarkably fluid region in the period leading up to, during, and after the Russian Revolution. The different contenders in play in the region, imagining and working toward alternative futures, comprised different national groups, including Russians, Buryat-Mongols, Koreans, and Ukrainians; different imperialist projects, including Japanese and American attempts to integrate the region into their political and economic spheres of influence as well as the legacies of Russian expansionism and Bolshevik efforts to export the revolution to Mongolia, Korea, China, and Japan; and various local regionalists, who aimed for independence or strong regional autonomy for distinct Siberian and Far Eastern communities and whose efforts culminated in the short-lived Far Eastern Republic of 1920–1922. The Rise and Fall of Russia’s Far Eastern Republic, 1905–1922 charts developments in the region, examines the interplay of the various forces, and explains how a Bolshevik version of state-centered nationalism prevailed.
Book Synopsis Taiwan's Offshore Islands by : Bruce A. Elleman
Download or read book Taiwan's Offshore Islands written by Bruce A. Elleman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Taiwan Offshore Islands and US-China relations"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Britain's Retreat from Empire in East Asia, 1905-1980 by : Antony Best
Download or read book Britain's Retreat from Empire in East Asia, 1905-1980 written by Antony Best and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decline of British power in Asia, from a high point in 1905, when Britain’s ally Japan vanquished the Russian Empire, apparently reducing the perceived threat that Russia posed to its influence in India and China, to the end of the twentieth century, when British power had dwindled to virtually nothing, is one of the most important themes in understanding the modern history of East and Southeast Asia. This book considers a range of issues that illustrate the significance and influence of the British Empire in Asia and the nature of Britain’s imperial decline. Subjects covered include the challenges posed by Germany and Japan during the First World War, British efforts at international co-operation in the interwar period, the British relationship with Korea and Japan in the wake of the Second World War, and the complicated path of decolonisation in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Book Synopsis Citizens and Rulers of the World by : Mahshid Mayar
Download or read book Citizens and Rulers of the World written by Mahshid Mayar and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By delving into the complex, cross-generational exchanges that characterize any political project as rampant as empire, this thought-provoking study focuses on children and their ambivalent, intimate relationships with maps and practices of mapping at the dawn of the "American Century." Considering children as students, map and puzzle makers, letter writers, and playmates, Mahshid Mayar interrogates the ways turn-of-the-century American children encountered, made sense of, and produced spatial narratives and cognitive maps of the United States and the world. Mayar further probes how children's diverse patterns of consuming, relating to, and appropriating the "truths" that maps represent turned cartography into a site of personal and political contention. To investigate where in the world the United States imagined itself at the end of the nineteenth century, this book calls for new modes of mapping the United States as it studies the nation on regional, hemispheric, and global scales. By examining the multilayered liaison between imperial pedagogy and geopolitical literacy across a wide range of archival evidence, Mayar delivers a careful microhistorical study of U.S. empire.
Book Synopsis Wars and Betweenness by : Bojan Aleksov
Download or read book Wars and Betweenness written by Bojan Aleksov and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The region between the Baltic and the Black Sea was marked by a set of crises and conflicts in the 1920s and 1930s, demonstrating the diplomatic, military, economic or cultural engagement of France, Germany, Russia, Britain, Italy and Japan in this highly volatile region, and critically damaging the fragile post-Versailles political arrangement. The editors, in naming this region as "Middle Europe" seek to revive the symbolic geography of the time and accentuate its position, situated between Big Powers and two World Wars. The ten case studies in this book combine traditional diplomatic history with a broader emphasis on the geopolitical aspects of Big-Power rivalry to understand the interwar period. The essays claim that the European Big Powers played a key role in regional affairs by keeping the local conflicts and national movements under control and by exploiting the region's natural resources and military dependencies, while at the same time strengthening their prestige through cultural penetration and the cultivation of client networks. The authors, however, want to avoid the simplistic view that the Big Powers fully dominated the lesser players on the European stage. The relationship was indeed hierarchical, but the essays also reveal how the "small states" manipulated Big-Power disagreements, highlighting the limits of the latters' leverage throughout the 1920s and the 1930s.
Book Synopsis Kyoto Visual Culture in the Early Edo and Meiji Periods by : Morgan Pitelka
Download or read book Kyoto Visual Culture in the Early Edo and Meiji Periods written by Morgan Pitelka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The city of Kyoto has undergone radical shifts in its significance as a political and cultural center, as a hub of the national bureaucracy, as a symbolic and religious center, and as a site for the production and display of art. However, the field of Japanese history and culture lacks a book that considers Kyoto on its own terms as a historic city with a changing identity. Examining cultural production in the city of Kyoto in two periods of political transition, this book promises to be a major step forward in advancing our knowledge of Kyoto’s history and culture. Its chapters focus on two periods in Kyoto’s history in which the old capital was politically marginalized: the early Edo period, when the center of power shifted from the old imperial capital to the new warriors’ capital of Edo; and the Meiji period, when the imperial court itself was moved to the new modern center of Tokyo. The contributors argue that in both periods the response of Kyoto elites—emperors, courtiers, tea masters, municipal leaders, monks, and merchants—was artistic production and cultural revival. As an artistic, cultural and historical study of Japan's most important historic city, this book will be invaluable to students and scholars of Japanese history, Asian history, the Edo and Meiji periods, art history, visual culture and cultural history.
