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International Aspects Of Budget Deficits With Distortionary Taxes
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Book Synopsis International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1987-09-15 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the recent research of the international economic consequences of budget deficit has been conducted under the assumption that taxes are lump sum. It has thus abstracted from important issues that arise in the context of distortionary tax systems. Our analysis deals with the international effects of budget deficits under alternative tax systems. The key result of the analysis is that the consequences of tax policies and the characteristics of the international transmission mechanism depend critically on the precise composition of taxes. Specifically, under a value-added tax system a budget deficit lowers the world rate of interest while under an income-tax system the same deficit raises the world rate of interest.
Book Synopsis International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes by : Jacob A. Frenkel
Download or read book International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes written by Jacob A. Frenkel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the recent research of the international economic consequences of budget deficit has been conducted under the assumption that taxes are lump sum. It has thus abstracted from important issues that arise in the context of distortionary tax systems. Our analysis deals with the international effects of budget deficits under alternative tax systems. The key result of the analysis is that the consequences of tax policies and the characteristics of the international transmission mechanism depend critically on the precise composition of taxes. Specifically, under a value-added tax system a budget deficit lowers the world rate of interest while under an income-tax system the same deficit raises the world rate of interest.
Book Synopsis International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes by : Fonds monétaire international. Research Department
Download or read book International Aspects of Budget Deficits with Distortionary Taxes written by Fonds monétaire international. Research Department and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deficits with Distortionary Taxes by : Jacob A. Frenkel
Download or read book Deficits with Distortionary Taxes written by Jacob A. Frenkel and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper deals with the international effects of budget deficits arising from distortionary tax and transfer policies. The analysis demonstrates that the consequences of tax policies and the characteristics of the international transmission mechanism depend critically on the precise composition of taxes. Specifically, the international effects of budget deficits of a given size differ sharply according to the types of taxes used to generate the deficit. We show that in determining the effects of taxes it is useful to divide the various distortionary taxes into two groups: those that stimulate current external borrowing (national dissaving) and those that stimulate current external lending (national saving). A pro-borrowing tax policy raises the world rate of interest while a pro-lending tax policy lowers it. The resulting change in the rate of interest is the channel through which the effects of budget deficits are transmitted to the rest of the world. The key propositions are illustrated by a series of examples involving consumption taxes (VAT), taxes on income of labor and capital and taxes on international borrowing.
Book Synopsis Spending, Taxes, and Deficits by : Jacob A. Frenkel
Download or read book Spending, Taxes, and Deficits written by Jacob A. Frenkel and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tax Smoothing in a Financially Repressed Economy by : Paul Cashin
Download or read book Tax Smoothing in a Financially Repressed Economy written by Paul Cashin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do governments run fiscal deficits? One rationale for the existence of fiscal imbalances is to minimize the distortionary effects of levying nonlump-sum taxes (for a given present value of tax collections), by spreading the burden of these taxes over time. That is, if taxes are distorting decisions to work or consume, then the timing of taxes will matter. This concept of tax smoothing, first introduced by Barro (1979), is now well established in the literature on fiscal policy.2 Tax smoothing has the normative implication that budget imbalances can be optimal fiscal policy responses to anticipated future events. In particular, a government anticipating an increase in its own expenditure can minimize the distortionary effects of raising the finance for that expenditure if it brings forward some of the associated tax increase and runs a budget surplus (or a smaller deficit) in the current period. Similarly, a budget deficit (or a smaller surplus) is optimal if the government anticipates future falls in its expenditure.
Book Synopsis Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence by : Mr.Daniel Leigh
Download or read book Expansionary Austerity New International Evidence written by Mr.Daniel Leigh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the short-term effects of fiscal consolidation on economic activity in OECD economies. We examine the historical record, including Budget Speeches and IMFdocuments, to identify changes in fiscal policy motivated by a desire to reduce the budget deficit and not by responding to prospective economic conditions. Using this new dataset, our estimates suggest fiscal consolidation has contractionary effects on private domestic demand and GDP. By contrast, estimates based on conventional measures of the fiscal policy stance used in the literature support the expansionary fiscal contractions hypothesis but appear to be biased toward overstating expansionary effects.
Book Synopsis Budget Deficits and Budget Institutions by : Mr.Alberto Alesina
Download or read book Budget Deficits and Budget Institutions written by Mr.Alberto Alesina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By discussing the available theoretical and empirical literature, this paper argues that budget procedures and budget institutions do influence budget outcomes. Budget institutions include both procedural rules and balanced budget laws. We critically assess theoretical contributions in this area and suggest several open and unresolved issue. We also examine the empirical evidence drawn from studies on samples of OECD countries, Latin American countries and the United States. We conclude with a discussion of the normative implications of this literature and with some concrete proposals.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451956770 Total Pages :228 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Staff papers by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central proposition regarding effects of different mechanisms of fi-nancing public expenditures is that, under specific circumstances, it makes no difference to the level of aggregate demand if the government finances its outlays by debt or taxation. This so-called Ricardian equivalence states that, for a given expenditure path, substitution of debt for taxes does not affect private sector wealth and consumption. This paper provides a model illustrating the implications of Ricardian equivalence, surveys the litera-ture, considers effects of relaxing the basic assumptions, provides a frame-work to study implications of various extensions, and critically reviews recent empirical work on Ricardian equivalence.
Book Synopsis Taxation in the Global Economy by : Assaf Razin
Download or read book Taxation in the Global Economy written by Assaf Razin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing globalization of economic activity is bringing an awareness of the international consequences of tax policy. The move toward the common European market in 1992 raises the important question of how inefficiencies in the various tax systems—such as self-defeating tax competition among member nations—will be addressed. As barriers to trade and investment tumble, cross-national differences in tax structures may loom larger and create incentives for relocations of capital and labor; and efficient and equitable income tax systems are becoming more difficult to administer and enforce, particularly because of the growing importance of multinational enterprises. What will be the role of tax policy in this more integrated world economy? Assaf Razin and Joel Slemrod gathered experts from two traditionally distinct specialties, taxation and international economics, to lay the groundwork for understanding these issues, which will require the attention of scholars and policymakers for years to come. Contributors describe the basic provisions of the U.S. tax code with respect to international transactions, highlighting the changes contained in the U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986; explore the ways that tax systems influence the decisions of multinationals; examine the effect of taxation on trade patterns and capital flows; and discuss the implications of the opening world economy for the design of optimal international tax policy. The papers will prove valuable not only to scholars and students, but to government economists and international tax lawyers as well.
Book Synopsis Economic Effects of the Government Budget by : Elhanan Helpman
Download or read book Economic Effects of the Government Budget written by Elhanan Helpman and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1988 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original contributions in this book analyze all of the budget's components expenditures, revenues, the deficit - with a special emphasis on issues that have assumed increasing importance over the last decade or so, such as intergenerational transfers of debt and declines in corporate tax revenues.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Budget Deficits by : Mr.Alberto Alesina
Download or read book The Political Economy of Budget Deficits written by Mr.Alberto Alesina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-08-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a critical survey of the literature on politico-institutional determinants of the government budget. We organize our discussion around two questions: Why did certain OECD countries, but not others, accumulate large public debts? Why did these fiscal imbalances appear in the last 20 years rather than before? We begin by discussing the “tax smoothing” model and conclude that this approach alone cannot provide complete answers to these questions. We will then proceed to a discussion of political economy models, which we organize in six groups: (i) models based upon opportunistic policymakers and naive voters with “fiscal illusion;” (ii) models of intergenerational redistributions; (iii) models of debt as a strategic variable, linking the current government with the next one; (iv) models of coalition governments; (v) models of geographically dispersed interests; and (vi) models emphasizing the effects of budgetary institutions. We conclude by briefly discussing policy implications.
Book Synopsis The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity by : Richard Hemming
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498344658 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Adjustment for Stability and Growth by : Mr.James Daniel
Download or read book Fiscal Adjustment for Stability and Growth written by Mr.James Daniel and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pamphlet (which updates the 1995 Guidelines for Fiscal Adjustment) presents the IMF’s approach to fiscal adjustment, and focuses on the role that sound government finances play in promoting macroeconomic stability and growth. Structured around five practical questions—when to adjust, how to assess the fiscal position, what makes for successful adjustment, how to carry out adjustment, and which institutions can help—it covers topics such as tax policies, debt sustainability, fiscal responsibility laws, and transparency.
Book Synopsis Global Tax Fairness by : Thomas Pogge
Download or read book Global Tax Fairness written by Thomas Pogge and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-04 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses sixteen different reform proposals that are urgently needed to correct the fault lines in the international tax system as it exists today, and which deprive both developing and developed countries of critical tax resources. It offers clear and concrete ideas on how the reforms can be achieved and why they are important for a more just and equitable global system to prevail. The key to reducing the tax gap and consequent human rights deficit in poor countries is global financial transparency. Such transparency is essential to curbing illicit financial flows that drain less developed countries of capital and tax revenues, and are an impediment to sustainable development. A major break-through for financial transparency is now within reach. The policy reforms outlined in this book not only advance tax justice but also protect human rights by curtailing illegal activity and making available more resources for development. While the reforms are realistic they require both political and an informed and engaged civil society that can put pressure on governments and policy makers to act.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth by : Guillermo E. Perry
Download or read book Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth written by Guillermo E. Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-10-19 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal policy in Latin America has been guided primarily by short-term liquidity targets whose observance was taken as the main exponent of fiscal prudence, with attention focused almost exclusively on the levels of public debt and the cash deficit. Very little attention was paid to the effects of fiscal policy on growth and on macroeconomic volatility over the cycle. Important issues such as the composition of public expenditures (and its effects on growth), the ability of fiscal policy to stabilize cyclical fluctuations, and the currency composition of public debt were largely neglected. As a result, fiscal policy has often amplified cyclical volatility and dampened growth. 'Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth' explores the conduct of fiscal policy in Latin America and its consequences for macroeconomic stability and long-term growth. In particular, the book highlights the procyclical and anti-investment biases embedded in the region's fiscal policies, explores their causes and macroeconomic consequences, and asesses their possible solutions.
