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Interactions Plante Pollinisateur
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Book Synopsis Interactions plante - pollinisateur by : Chloé Dibos
Download or read book Interactions plante - pollinisateur written by Chloé Dibos and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chez de nombreuses Angiospermes, la pollinisation croisée est nécessaire pour le succès de la reproduction. La plupart de ces plantes ont évolué afin de favoriser la pollinisation entomophile, principalement assurée par les abeilles. C'est le cas des Cucurbitacées, dont le melon (Cucumis melo L.), importante culture du sud de la France et le concombre d'âne (Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.) plante spontanée endémique du bassin méditerranéen, les deux modèles de cette étude. Afin de mieux comprendre les relations plante-pollinisateur,nous avons choisi de caractériser le couple pollen de Cucurbitacées/abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) à travers la production de pollen, sa présentation sur la fleur et son transport sur l'abeille. Nous avons montré que, chez ces plantes, l'ontogenèse du pollen s'accompagne d'erreurs développementales conduisant à la formation de près de 3% de grains de pollen vides. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence que chez E. elaterium, des erreurs méiotiques entraînaient la formation de grains de pollen génétiquement anormaux qui pourraient être source d'autopolyploïdie. Chez C. melo, nos résultats ont révélé que la mise en contact du pollen avec le milieu environnant entraîne une baisse de 30% de sa viabilité, mais que celle-ci reste stable jusqu'à la fin de l'anthèse. L'aptitude à germer, quant à elle, finit d'être acquise juste avant anthèse et décroît de 12% en fin de période d'anthèse. Nous avons montré que le pollen de C. melo transporté sur le corps de l'abeille pouvait soit avoir une viabilité et une aptitude à germer préservée, probablement par protection contre la déshydratation, soit perdre quasi-totalement sa viabilité et son aptitude à germer. Enfin, nous avons détecté des composés biochimiques spécifiques des abeilles protégeant ou diminuant la qualité reproductrice du pollen.
Book Synopsis Interactions insectes-plantes by : Nicolas Sauvion
Download or read book Interactions insectes-plantes written by Nicolas Sauvion and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant-Pollinator Interactions by : Nickolas Merritt Waser
Download or read book Plant-Pollinator Interactions written by Nickolas Merritt Waser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2006-01-15 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
Book Synopsis Etude des réseaux de pollinisation par métagénomique environnementale by : Sandra Baksay
Download or read book Etude des réseaux de pollinisation par métagénomique environnementale written by Sandra Baksay and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le déclin mondial des pollinisateurs et des plantes souligne la nécessité de mieux comprendre les caractéristiques structurelles et fonctionnelles des réseaux de pollinisation. Des études ont montré qu'il est possible de détecter les interactions plantes-pollinisateurs par l'identification du pollen dans les charges polliniques des insectes à l'aide du métabarcoding d'ADN et d'avoir ainsi une vision plus complète des interactions tant à l'échelle des espèces (plantes et pollinisateurs) qu'à celle des individus. Cependant, le potentiel de cette technique pour quantifier les interactions est toujours discuté. Nous avons abordé cette question au cours de deux études : expérimentation en laboratoire et dans une prairie en milieux naturels. Nous avons montré des relations hautement significatives entre le nombre de séquences d'ADN d'une espèce de plante et (1) le nombre de ses grains de pollen dans une solution expérimentale (abondances des pollens connues) ou dans la charge pollinique d'insectes qui ont butinée librement dans la prairie ou (2) le nombre de visites qu'elle a reçu. Néanmoins, nous avons identifié des biais méthodologiques et biologiques susceptibles de réduire la qualité de la relation et donc de la quantification des interactions, certains biais pouvant être réduits. Ainsi nous avons montré qu'une amplification à 30-35 cycles PCR permet une bonne quantification pour une quantité de pollen comparable à celle trouvée dans les charges polliniques des insectes. Dans une troisième étude, nous avons utilisé le metabarcoding pour étudier la réponse des pollinisateurs et des réseaux plante-pollinisateur à un changement d'abondance d'une plante à floraison massive, Rhododendron ferrugineum, espèce emblématique de l'étage subalpin des Pyrénées et des Alpes localement très abondante. Nous avons montré que (1) bien que cette espèce soit attractive elle ne monopolise jamais les pollinisateurs, lesquels continuent à visiter les espèces rares de la communauté même dans la lande la plus dense (2) les pollinisateurs tendent à être plus spécialisés, et la spécialisation des réseaux tend à augmenter avec la diminution des ressources florales bien que tous les groupes d'insectes ne répondent pas de la même manière (3) la plupart des populations de pollinisateurs sont généralistes mais focalisent majoritairement leur activité sur un nombre limité d'espèces de plantes et les individus sont hautement et beaucoup plus spécialisés que leur population. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre l'efficacité du service de pollinisation se déroulant au sein de réseaux très généralisés. En résumé ces travaux ont montré que le métabarcoding permet : (1) d'identifier correctement les plantes à partir des pollens présents dans la charge polliniques des pollinisateurs et ainsi de mieux connaitre le régime alimentaire et le comportement des individus, (2) de quantifier assez précisément les interactions plantes-pollinisateurs y compris à l'échelle des individus et ainsi (3) de construire des réseaux de pollinisation plus réalistes qu'avec les méthodes traditionnelles. Nous démontrons aussi le potentiel de la méthode pour mieux comprendre la structure et le fonctionnement des réseaux de pollinisation et leurs réponses aux changements globaux.
Book Synopsis Honey Bees, Beekeeping and Bee Products by : Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo
Download or read book Honey Bees, Beekeeping and Bee Products written by Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honey bees are social insects; they live together in large, well-organized family groups comprising three castes: queen (fertile female), workers (sterile females) and drones (males). During honey flow season, there is a considerable increase in the foraging activity of the workers and in the rate of egg laying by the queen. Sex determination in honey bees involves a multi-allelic locus, such that homozygotes develop as males and heterozygotes as females, whereas diet quality influences the caste determination in honey bees. Like all living organisms, honey bees can be infested with diseases and pests. Some of these are more deleterious to bee colonies than others, but it is important for the beekeeper to be able to recognize conditions that might be disease or pest-related and respond accordingly so as to improve the quality of honey and honey bee by-products. The best-known primary products of beekeeping are honey and wax, but pollen, propolis, royal jelly, venom, queens, bees and their larvae are also marketable primary bee products. The purpose of this book is to make available information on bee biology and beekeeping as well as to provide comprehensive information on manufacturing, processing and marketing of value-added bee products. This book has been designed as a useful tool for the many diverse professionals who characterize and market honey bee products, including beekeepers, non-beekeepers, small entrepreneurs, extension officers and those involved in small business development. This edited book will be the first of its kind to contain comprehensive information on both bees and bee products. Key Features: Contains comprehensive information on beekeeping. Discusses the recent advances in beekeeping. Sheds light on bee colony integration and organization. Contains brief information on honey bee products.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recombinant Protease Inhibitors in Plants by : Dominique Michaud
Download or read book Recombinant Protease Inhibitors in Plants written by Dominique Michaud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-07-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pocket-sized text provides the procedures for taking accurate vital signs. Provides an historical overview and covers such vital signs as temperature, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and level of consciousness. For nurses, residents and physicians. Wire-spiral binding.
Book Synopsis Pollination Services to Agriculture by : Barbara Gemmill-Herren
Download or read book Pollination Services to Agriculture written by Barbara Gemmill-Herren and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only recently that the immense economic value of pollination to agriculture has been appreciated. At the same time, the alarming collapse in populations of bees and other pollinators has highlighted the urgency of addressing this issue. This book focuses on the specific measures and practices that the emerging science of pollination ecology is identifying to conserve and promote animal pollinators in agroecosystems. It reviews the expanding knowledge base on pollination services, providing evidence to document the status, trends and importance of pollinators to sustainable agricultural production. It provides practical and specific measures that land managers can undertake to ensure that agroecosystems are supportive and friendly to pollinators. It draws on the Global Pollination Project, supported by UNEP/GEF and implemented by FAO and seven partner countries (Brazil, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan and South Africa), which serve to provide "lessons from the field".
Book Synopsis Cassava-Mealybug Interactions by : Paul-André Calatayud
Download or read book Cassava-Mealybug Interactions written by Paul-André Calatayud and published by IRD Editions. This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most basic information on plant-mealybug interactions during the last decade has come from research on the cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) system with two mealybug species, namely Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero and Phenacoccus herreni Cox and Williams (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae). Both these insects cause severe damage to cassava in Africa and South America, respectively. This book reviews these interactions (plant selection by the insects, nutritional requirements
Download or read book Agronomie written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-05 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Obligate Pollination Mutualism by : Makoto Kato
Download or read book Obligate Pollination Mutualism written by Makoto Kato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of mutualism origin, plant–pollinator specificity, mutualism stability, and reciprocal diversification. In particular, it focuses on the natural history and evolutionary history of the third example of obligate pollination mutualism, leafflower–leafflower moth association, which was discovered in the plant family Phyllanthaceae by the lead editor and then established by the editors and their coworkers as an ideal model system for studies of mutualism and the coevolutionary process. This work brings together the knowledge they have gained through an array of research conducted using different approaches, ranging from taxonomy, phylogenetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology to biogeography. Richly illustrated with numerous original color photographs, the volume consists of 13 chapters and is divided into three main parts: natural history, ecology, and evolution. It begins by showcasing numerous examples of plant–animal interactions and their origins to guide readers in the world of leafflowers and their pollinators. The immense diversity of Phyllanthaceae and pollinator moths is then explored, and in the following 7 chapters mutualism is discussed from a range of ecological and evolutionary points of view. The final chapter presents a review of the evolution and variety of obligate pollination mutualisms. This book offers researchers and students in the field of ecology, botany, evolutionary biology, pollination biology, entomology, and tropical biology fascinating insights into why such a costly pollination system has evolved and why Phyllanthaceae is so diverse despite the inconspicuousness of their flowers.
Download or read book Bumblebees written by Dave Goulson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bumblebees are undergoing a widespread decline, but this has not yet caught the attention of the general public to the same extent as, for example, the plight of rare butterflies or birds. This title attempts to draw attention to the importance of conserving dwindling bumblebee populations.
Book Synopsis Pollinators and Pollination by : Jeff Ollerton
Download or read book Pollinators and Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Book Synopsis Biological Adhesive Systems by : Janek Byern
Download or read book Biological Adhesive Systems written by Janek Byern and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. Herbert Waite Like many graduate students before and after me I was There are so many species about which nothing is known, mesmerized by a proposition expressed years earlier by and the curse of not knowing is apathy. Krogh (1929) – namely that “for many problems there is Bioadhesion is the adaptation featured in this book, an animal on which it can be most conveniently studied”. and biology has many adhesive practitioners. Indeed, This opinion became known as the August Krogh Prin- every living organism is adhesively assembled in the ciple and remains much discussed to this day, particu- most exquisite way. Clearly, speci? c adhesion needs to larly among comparative physiologists (Krebs, 1975). be distinguished from the opportunistic variety. I think The words “problems” and “animal” are key because of speci? c adhesion as the adhesion between cells in the they highlight the two fundamental and complementary same tissue, whereas opportunistic adhesion might be the foci of biological research: (1) expertise about an animal adhesion between pathogenic microbes and the urinary (zoo-centric), which is mostly observational and (2) a tract, or between a slug and the garden path. If oppor- mechanistic analysis of some problem in the animal’s life nistic bioadhesion is our theme, then there are still many history or physiology (problem-centric), which is usually practitioners but the subset is somewhat more select than a hypothesis-driven investigation. before.
Book Synopsis The Genus Dorstenia (Moraceae) by : C. C. Berg
Download or read book The Genus Dorstenia (Moraceae) written by C. C. Berg and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Infectious Disease Ecology by : Richard S. Ostfeld
Download or read book Infectious Disease Ecology written by Richard S. Ostfeld and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: News headlines are forever reporting diseases that take huge tolls on humans, wildlife, domestic animals, and both cultivated and native plants worldwide. These diseases can also completely transform the ecosystems that feed us and provide us with other critical benefits, from flood control to water purification. And yet diseases sometimes serve to maintain the structure and function of the ecosystems on which humans depend. Gathering thirteen essays by forty leading experts who convened at the Cary Conference at the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in 2005, this book develops an integrated framework for understanding where these diseases come from, what ecological factors influence their impacts, and how they in turn influence ecosystem dynamics. It marks the first comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the rich and complex linkages between ecology and disease, and provides conceptual underpinnings to understand and ameliorate epidemics. It also sheds light on the roles that diseases play in ecosystems, bringing vital new insights to landscape management issues in particular. While the ecological context is a key piece of the puzzle, effective control and understanding of diseases requires the interaction of professionals in medicine, epidemiology, veterinary medicine, forestry, agriculture, and ecology. The essential resource on the subject, Infectious Disease Ecology seeks to bridge these fields with an ecological approach that focuses on systems thinking and complex interactions.
Book Synopsis Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability by : Gabriel Perez
Download or read book Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability written by Gabriel Perez and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability reviews the current state-of-the-art on the topic. In the introduction, the editors review the fundamental concepts of nature elements in the built environment, along with the strategies that are necessary for their inclusion in buildings and cities. Part One describes strategies for the urban environment, discussing urban ecosystems and ecosystem services, while Part Two covers strategies and technologies, including vertical greening systems, green roofs and green streets. Part Three covers the quantitative benefits, results, and issues and challenges, including energy performances and outdoor comfort, air quality improvement, acoustic performance, water management and biodiversity. - Provides an overview of the different strategies available to integrate nature in the built environment - Presents the current state of technology concerning systems and methodologies on how to incorporate nature in buildings and cities - Features the latest research results on operation and ecosystem services - Covers both established and new designs, including those still in the experimental stage
