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Intensification Of Agriculture Within The Basin Of Mexico During The Aztec Period
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Book Synopsis Intensification of Agriculture Within the Basin of Mexico During the Aztec Period by : Neusa Hidalgo Monroy Wohlgemuth
Download or read book Intensification of Agriculture Within the Basin of Mexico During the Aztec Period written by Neusa Hidalgo Monroy Wohlgemuth and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Legacies of The Basin of Mexico by : Carlos E. Cordova
Download or read book The Legacies of The Basin of Mexico written by Carlos E. Cordova and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2023-08-14 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume celebrates the continuing impact of the most notable contributions from The Basin of Mexico: The Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization by William T. Sanders, Jeffrey R. Parsons, and Robert S. Santley. In 1979, this influential work synthesized the results of the Basin of Mexico survey projects and follow-up excavations at several sites, while providing theoretical and methodological lines of research in central Mexico and generally in Mesoamerica. More than four decades after that book’s publication, the fourteen contributions in this volume review and analyze its theoretical and methodological influence in light of recent research across disciplines. Among a spectrum of authors representing several generations are those who participated directly in the Basin of Mexico surveys—including the late Jeffrey R. Parsons—as well as those who have been actively working on recent projects in the basin and neighboring regions. Providing a broad and multidisciplinary perspective of the present and future state of research in the area, The Legacies of The Basin of Mexico will be of interest to Mesoamerican and Latin American archaeologists as well as geographers, geologists, historians, and specialists in the study of past environments. Contributors: Guillermo Acosta Ochoa, Aleksander Borejsza, Destiny Crider, Charles Frederick, Raúl García-Chávez, Larry Gorenflo, Angela Huster, Georgina Ibarra Arzave, Charles Kolb, Frank Lehmkuhl, Abigail Meza Peñaloza, Emily McClung de Tapia, John K. Millhauser, Deborah Nichols, Jeffrey R. Parsons, Serafin Sánchez Pérez, Philipp Schulte, Sergey Sedov, Elizabeth Solleiro Rebolledo, Daisy Valera Fenández, Federico Zertuche
Book Synopsis World Prehistory and Archaeology by : Michael Chazan
Download or read book World Prehistory and Archaeology written by Michael Chazan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Integrated Picture of Prehistory as an Active Process of Discovery World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways through Time, fourth edition, provides an integrated discussion of world prehistory and archaeological methods. This text emphasizes the relevance of how we know and what we know about our human prehistory. A cornerstone of World Prehistory and Archaeology is the discussion of prehistory as an active process of discovery. Methodological issues are addressed throughout the text to engage readers. Archaeological methods are introduced in the first two chapters. Succeeding chapters then address the question of how we know the past to provide an integrated presentation of prehistory. The fourth edition involves readers in the current state of archaeological research, revealing how archaeologists work and interpret what they find. Through the coverage of various new research, author Michael Chazan shows how archaeology is truly a global discipline. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers will be able to: * Gain new perspectives and insights into who we are and how our world came into being. * Think about humanity from the perspective of archaeology. * Appreciate the importance of the archaeological record for contemporary society.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Aztecs by : Deborah L. Nichols
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Aztecs written by Deborah L. Nichols and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Aztecs, the first of its kind, provides a current overview of recent research on the Aztec empire, the best documented prehispanic society in the Americas. Chapters span from the establishment of Aztec city-states to the encounter with the Spanish empire and the Colonial period that shaped the modern world. Articles in the Handbook take up new research trends and methodologies and current debates. The Handbook articles are divided into seven parts. Part I, Archaeology of the Aztecs, introduces the Aztecs, as well as Aztec studies today, including the recent practice of archaeology, ethnohistory, museum studies, and conservation. The articles in Part II, Historical Change, provide a long-term view of the Aztecs starting with important predecessors, the development of Aztec city-states and imperialism, and ending with a discussion of the encounter of the Aztec and Spanish empires. Articles also discuss Aztec notions of history, writing, and time. Part III, Landscapes and Places, describes the Aztec world in terms of its geography, ecology, and demography at varying scales from households to cities. Part IV, Economic and Social Relations in the Aztec Empire, discusses the ethnic complexity of the Aztec world and social and economic relations that have been a major focus of archaeology. Articles in Part V, Aztec Provinces, Friends, and Foes, focuses on the Aztec's dynamic relations with distant provinces, and empires and groups that resisted conquest, and even allied with the Spanish to overthrow the Aztec king. This is followed by Part VI, Ritual, Belief, and Religion, which examines the different beliefs and rituals that formed Aztec religion and their worldview, as well as the material culture of religious practice. The final section of the volume, Aztecs after the Conquest, carries the Aztecs through the post-conquest period, an increasingly important area of archaeological work, and considers the place of the Aztecs in the modern world.
Book Synopsis The Aztec Economy by : Frances F. Berdan
Download or read book The Aztec Economy written by Frances F. Berdan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Aztec Economy provides a synthesis and updated examination of the Aztec economy (1325–1521 AD). It is organized around seven components that recur with other Elements in this series: historic and geographic background, domestic economy, institutional economy, specialization, forms of distribution and commercialization, economic development, and future directions. The Aztec world was complex, hierarchical, and multifaceted, and was in a constant state of demographic growth, recoveries from natural disasters, political alignments and realignments, and aggressive military engagements. The economy was likewise complex and dynamic, and characterized by intensive agriculture, exploitation of non-agricultural resources, utilitarian and luxury manufacturing, wide-scale specialization, merchants, markets, commodity monies, and tribute systems.
Book Synopsis Aztec Imperial Strategies by : Frances F. Berdan
Download or read book Aztec Imperial Strategies written by Frances F. Berdan and published by Dumbarton Oaks. This book was released on 1996 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from the 1986 Summer Seminar, "Empire, Province, and Village in Aztec History."
Book Synopsis Rethinking the Aztec Economy by : Deborah L. Nichols
Download or read book Rethinking the Aztec Economy written by Deborah L. Nichols and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Rethinking the Aztec Economy provides new perspectives on the society and economy of the ancient Aztecs by focusing on goods and their patterns of circulation"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory by : Frances F. Berdan
Download or read book Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory written by Frances F. Berdan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date synthesis of Aztec culture, applying interdisciplinary approaches (archaeology, ethnohistory and ethnography) to reconstructing the complex and enigmatic civilization. Frances F. Berdan offers a balanced assessment of complementary and sometimes contradictory sources in unravelling the ancient way of life. The book provides a cohesive view of the Aztecs and their empire, emphasizing the diversity and complexity of social, economic, political and religious roles played by the many kinds of people we call 'Aztecs'. Concluding with three integrative case studies, the book examines the stresses, dynamics and anchors of Aztec culture and society.
Book Synopsis Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Northwestern Valley of Mexico by : Jeffrey R. Parsons
Download or read book Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Northwestern Valley of Mexico written by Jeffrey R. Parsons and published by U OF M MUSEUM ANTHRO ARCHAEOLOGY. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Aztecs by : Dirk R. Van Tuerenhout
Download or read book The Aztecs written by Dirk R. Van Tuerenhout and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2005-06-21 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did a bedraggled band of nomads manage to evolve into a Mesoamerican superpower in such a brief time? This volume looks at the essential elements in the Aztecs' rise, fall, and enduring influence. A wealth of new archaeological findings and interpretations has sparked a richer understanding of the Aztecs, dispelling many myths. The Aztecs: New Perspectives looks at evidence from ancient, colonial, and modern times to present a contemporary, well-rounded portrait of this Mesoamerican culture. Like no other volume, it examines daily Aztec life both at, and away from, the seats of power, revealing the Aztecs to be accomplished farmers, astronomers, mathematicians, and poets—as well as ruthless warriors and tireless builders of empire. The Aztecs ranges from the mysterious origins of the Aztlan tribe to the glory years of empire and ultimate defeat. But the story doesn't end there. To present the most complete picture possible, the author goes to the most fascinating source available—the living ancestors who keep the Aztec language and many aspects of their ancient worldview alive. There is no better volume for exploring the realities of Aztec life as it was, and as it influences our world today.
Book Synopsis MODELING THE AZTEC AGRICULTURAL WATERSCAPE OF LAKEXOCHIMILCO by : Gregory Luna Golya
Download or read book MODELING THE AZTEC AGRICULTURAL WATERSCAPE OF LAKEXOCHIMILCO written by Gregory Luna Golya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents the first large, detailed spatial reconstruction of Aztec lakebed chinampas for a 1,010 hectare area of the former Lake Xochimilco lakebed. A general five stage model is proposed for the development and decline of the raised field socio-natural system in the southern Basin of Mexico. Widespread chinampas in the 18,000 ha Lake Chalco-Xochimilco were restricted to the relatively short-lived Aztec empire period especially between the mid-15th and early 16th centuries and were the result of top-down imperial planning, construction oversight, and hydraulic and facility management. Previous archaeological survey in 1969 and 1972 overwhelmingly dated lakebed occupation to the Late Aztec and Early Colonial periods (Aztec III-IV ceramics). The rapid inundation of Aztec drained fields after the Spanish conquest submerged most lakebed chinampas below the marshy southern lake surface. The relic fields were exposed for a short period in the 20th century after lake drainage completion and before post-WWII mechanized farming and urbanization obliterated the relic fields. By incorporating 1936-1941 air photos into a GIS, 23,094 relic beds and 400 mounds were manually digitized (traced) for the 1,010 ha study area. The built beds and mounds in the lake also defined complex canal networks and open pools within the system. The long, narrow beds averaged 3.75 meters wide and had an average length of 49.4 meters. The system land to water ratio was 1.07:1. Raised field experiments on the Andean high plain of Lake Titicaca and elsewhere demonstrate that narrow agricultural beds in 1:1 land to water systems benefit from both frost protection and intra-system nutrient replacement. Additionally, every plant on the narrow beds could have been irrigated by splash or scoop techniques from canoe bound farmers -- an important benefit in the Basin of Mexico characterized by a long dry season, variable (temporal and spatial) summer monsoon rains, and summer droughts (canícula). In addition to many small lakebed habitation sites, larger lakebed wharves comprised of multiple mounds and platforms, open pools, and widerivcanals were identified in the air photos. These village-wharves probably formed the economic and social hub for the lakebed tenant farmers who were comprised of free peasants (macehualtin), serfs (mayeque), and slaves (tlacotin). Aztec chinampas built through land reclamation existed outside traditional corporate land holding capolli system and tenant farmers obtained rights of cultivation in return for approximately 50% of their agricultural production in rent payment to land grantees residing in Tenochtitlan (Calnek 1975). I estimate that approximately 2,525 farmers, administrators, dockworkers, merchants, and canoeists resided in the 1,010 ha study area (2.5 persons/ha) which included 2,000 full-time tenant farmers. Extrapolating these figures after adjusting for possible larger open pools within a 13,435 ha Chalco-Xochimilco Aztec drained field system, I calculate that after the consumption needs (dietary and non-dietary) of 30,000 lakebed residents were met, an annual 10,000,000 kg maize equivalent agricultural surplus, enough to feed 50,000 persons for a year, reached the storehouses and markets of Tlatelolco-Tenochtitlan. Also, this dissertation describes the temporal changes in agricultural bed width and land to water ratios resulting from a falling water table and canal in-filling accompanying Mexico City's growth and constant water demand. The land to water ratios increased from 1.07:1 (Aztec) to 2.75:1 in 1941 to 10.11 in 2012. Average bed area in the desiccating system has risen from 221m2 (Aztec) to 2,054m2 in 1941 to 62,799m2 in 2012. Modern chinampas are no longer self-sustaining systems as plastic tarps (invernaderos) provide frost protection, gas-powered pumps deliver reclaimed urban water (transferred to the system) to the plants on the large fields, and external organic and chemical inputs introduce nutrients and contaminants to the soils. The Xochimilco lakebed chinampas, while still highly productive, have transformed from an Aztec period waterscape to a desiccating farmscape with a wetland agriculture ancestry.
Book Synopsis Pottery Economics in Mesoamerica by : Christopher A. Pool
Download or read book Pottery Economics in Mesoamerica written by Christopher A. Pool and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pottery is one of the most important classes of artifacts available to archaeologists and anthropologists. Every year, volumes of data are generated detailing ceramic production, distribution, and consumption. How these data can be interpreted in relation to the social and cultural framework of prehistoric societies in Mesoamerica is the subject of this book. Nine chapters written by some of the most well known and respected scholars in the field offer readers an in-depth look at key advances from the past fifteen years. These scholars examine ethnoarchaeological studies and the Preclassic/Formative, Classic, and Postclassic periods and cover geographic areas from eastern to central Mesoamerica. In a series of case studies, contributors address a range of new and developing theories and methods for inferring the technological, organizational, and social dimensions of pottery economics, and draw on a range of sociopolitical examples. Specific topics include the impacts and costs of innovations, the role of the producer in technological choices, the outcomes when errors in vessel formation are tolerated or rectified, the often undocumented multiple lives and uses of ceramic pieces, and the difficulties associated with locating and documenting ceramic production areas in tropical lowlands. A compelling collection that clearly integrates and synthesizes a wide array of data, this book is the definitive text on pottery economics in Mesoamerica and an important contribution to the fields of anthropology, archaeology, ancient history, and the economics of pre-industrial societies. CONTENTS Acknowledgments 1 . Conceptual Issues in Mesoamerican Pottery Economics Christopher A. Pool and George J. Bey III 2 . An Ethnoarchaeological Perspective on Local Ceramic Production and Distribution in the Maya Highlands Michael Deal 3 . Why Was the Potter’s Wheel Rejected? Social Choice and Technological Change in Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico Dean E. Arnold, Jill Huttar Wilson, and Alvaro L. Nieves 4 . Ceramic Production at La Joya, Veracruz: Early Formative Techno Logics and Error Loads Philip J. Arnold III 5 . Blanco Levantado: A New World Amphora George J. Bey III 6 . Pottery Production and Distribution in the Gulf Lowlands of Mesoamerica Barbara L. Stark 7 . Household Production and the Regional Economy in Ancient Oaxaca: Classic Period Perspectives from Hilltop El Palmillo and Valley-Floor Ejutla Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. Nicholas 8 . Pottery Production and Exchange in the Petexbatun Polity, Petén, Guatemala Antonia E. Foias and Ronald L. Bishop 9 . Aztec Otumba, AD 1200--1600: Patterns of the Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Ceramic Products Thomas H. Charlton, Cynthia L. Otis Charlton, Deborah L. Nichols, and Hector Neff References Cited About the Contributors Index
Book Synopsis The Study of Agricultural Geography by : Thomas A. Rumney
Download or read book The Study of Agricultural Geography written by Thomas A. Rumney and published by Rlpg/Galleys. This book was released on 2005 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural geography is defined as the study of the geographical and locational attributes, patterns, and processes of crop and animal farming, and related subjects such as farm land, farm-associated human geographers, environmental issues, and theoretical works on the location of agricultural activities. The study of agricultural geography has produced a large amount of literature. This volume records and presents, in an organized manner, as much as possible of this literature. The entries of this compendium are written in a wide array of languages, including English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, Russian and others in order to provide the widest coverage possible. The entries include atlases, books, book chapters, scholarly articles from professional journals, conference proceedings, doctoral dissertations, and master's theses. Over 12,000 entries have been recorded here, with the hope that such references will encourage and support the work of students, faculty, and other users.
Book Synopsis Precolumbian Water Management by : Lisa J. Lucero
Download or read book Precolumbian Water Management written by Lisa J. Lucero and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among ancient Mesoamerican and Southwestern peoples, water was as essential as maize for sustenance and was a driving force in the development of complex society. Control of water shaped the political, economic, and religious landscape of the ancient Americas, yet it is often overlooked in Precolumbian studies. Now one volume offers the latest thinking on water systems and their place within the ancient physical and mental language of the region. Precolumbian Water Management examines water management from both economic and symbolic perspectives. Water management facilities, settlement patterns, shrines, and water-related imagery associated with civic-ceremonial and residential architecture provide evidence that water systems pervade all aspects of ancient society. Through analysis of such data, the contributors seek to combine an understanding of imagery and the religious aspects of water with its functional components, thereby presenting a unified perspective of how water was conceived, used, and represented in ancient greater Mesoamerica. The collection boasts broad chronological and geographical coverage—from the irrigation networks of Teotihuacan to the use of ritual water technology at Casas Grandes—that shows how procurement and storage systems were adapted to local conditions. The articles consider the mechanisms that were used to build upon the sacredness of water to enhance political authority through time and space and show that water was not merely an essential natural resource but an important spiritual one as well, and that its manipulation was socially far more complex than might appear at first glance. As these papers reveal, an understanding of materials associated with water can contribute much to the ways that archaeologists study ancient cultural systems. Precolumbian Water Management underscores the importance of water management research and the need to include it in archaeological projects of all types.
Book Synopsis Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm by : Mary G. Hodge
Download or read book Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm written by Mary G. Hodge and published by Institute for Mesoamerican Studies. This book was released on 1994 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Seventeen papers in this collection deal with various aspects of the relationship between economics and the political units which constituted the Aztec state and its main competitor the Tarascan empire...Until recently Aztec studies were dominated by two rather narrow foci...a preoccupation with the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan coupled with neglect of other cities and the rural countryside, and an over-emphasis on the best-known Native and Spanish chronicles which ignored the vast corpus of lesser known but equally important documentary sources...Fortunately a few archaeologists and ethnohistorians, including the contributors to this volume, insisted on expanding the geographical and conceptual parameters of Aztec studies., They also began to employ recent innovative approaches in archaeology, locational geography, economics, political theory, and history in their quest to understand what really happened in central Mexico during the Postclassic period. The result has been some very exciting new perspectives on this fascinating topic."-Richard A. Diehl; Professor of Anthropology; University of Alabama
Book Synopsis Gardens of Prehistory by : Thomas W. Killion
Download or read book Gardens of Prehistory written by Thomas W. Killion and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 1992-09-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gardens of Prehistory details the social developments that were created by the prehistoric agricultural systems of the New World.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Anthropology by : H. James Birx
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Anthropology written by H. James Birx and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006 with total page 3138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on physical, social and applied athropology, archaeology, linguistics and symbolic communication. Topics include hominid evolution, primate behaviour, genetics, ancient civilizations, cross-cultural studies and social theories.
