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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO{sub X}/SO{sub 2} Emissions Control System Performance Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Integrated Dry NO[sub X]/SO[sub 2] Emissions Control System Low-NO[sub X] Combustion System Retrofit Test Report. Test Report, August 6--October 29, 1992 PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/6cbojwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO[sub X]/SO[sub 2] Emissions Control System Low-NO[sub X] Combustion System Retrofit Test Report. Test Report, August 6--October 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NO[sub x]/SO[sub 2] Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology M demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NO[sub x] and SO[sub 2] emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NO[sub x] burners with overfire air; (2) Selective NonCatalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NO[sub x] removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO[sub 2] removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be investigated. This report documents the third phase of the test program, where the performance of the retrofit low-NO[sub x] combustion system is compared to that of the original combustion system. This third test phase was comprised of an optimization of the operating conditions and settings for the burners and overfire air ports, followed by an investigation of the performance of the low-NO[sub x] combustion system as a function of various operating parameters. These parameters included boiler load, excess air level, overfire air flow rate and number of mills in service. In addition, emissions under normal load following operation were compared to those collected during the optimization and parametric performance tests under baseloaded conditions. The low-NO[sub x] combustion system retrofit resulted in NO[sub x] reductions of 63 to 69 percent, depending on boiler load. The majority of the NO[sub x] reduction was obtained with the low-NO[sub x] burners, as it was shown that the overfire air system provided little additional NO[sub x] reduction for a fixed excess air level. CO emissions and flyash carbon levels did not increase as a result of the retrofit.
Download or read book PROSODIC/ PRAGMATIC EXPLANATION FOR WORD ORDER. written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO Sub X written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NO(subscript x)/SO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology Ill demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate 70 percent reductions in NO(subscript x) and S02 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NO(subscript x) burners with overfire air; (2) urea injection for additional NO(subscript x) removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high sulfur coal will also be tested. This report documents the first baseline test results conducted during the program. The baseline tests were conducted with the original burners and auxiliary equipment and represent the unmodified boiler emissions. The burner design of Arapahoe Unit 4 results in relatively high NO(subscript x) levels ranging from 740 to 850 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) over the load range. Excess air level was the primary factor influencing NO(subscript x) emissions. During normal boiler operations, there was a wide range in NO(subscript x) emissions, due to the variations of excess air, boiler load and other, secondary parameters. SO2 emissions ranged from 350 to 600 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) and reflected variations in the coal sulfur content.
![Download Integrated Dry NO[sub X]/SO[sub 2] Emissions Control Systems: Advanced Retractable Injection Lance SNCR Test Report. NOELL ARIL Test Period: April 20, 1995--December 21, 1995; DPSC Test Period: August 16--26, 1996 PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/k63GjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO[sub X]/SO[sub 2] Emissions Control Systems: Advanced Retractable Injection Lance SNCR Test Report. NOELL ARIL Test Period: April 20, 1995--December 21, 1995; DPSC Test Period: August 16--26, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, a 100 MWe down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70% reductions in NOx and SO[sub 2] emission through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO[sub 2] removal. This report documents the third phase of SNCR tests, where an additional injection location was installed to increase the low-load NOx removal performance. The new injectors consist of a pair of retractable in-furnace lances which were designed to provide a high degree of load following flexibility through on-line adjustments of the injection angle. With the new lances, NOx removals in excess of 35% are achievable at the same load and HN[sub 3] slip limit. At loads of 43 to 60 MWe, NOx removals with the lances range from 37--52%. At loads greater than 60 MWe, the wall-injection location is more efficient, and at loads of 70 to 100 MWe, NOx removals range from 37--41%. The coal mill-in-service pattern was found to have a large effect on both NOx removal and NH[sub 3] slip for injection at the new lance location. At 60 MWe, the NOx removal at the 10 ppm NH[sub 3] slip limit ranges from 28--52% depending on the mill-in-service pattern. Biasing the coal mills to provide uniform combustion conditions ahead of the injection location was found to be the best option for improving SNCR system performance under these conditions.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO(subscript X) written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NO(subscript x)/SO2 Emissions Control System Program, is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NO(subscript x) and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low NO(subscript x) burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NO(subscript x) removal; and (3) Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and duct humidification for SO2 removal. This report documents the final phase of the test program, in which the overall performance of the integrated system was evaluated. Previous testing has shown that the goal of 70 percent NO(subscript x) removal was easily achieved with the combination of low-NO(subscript x) burners, overfire air, and urea-based SNCR. Similarly, the ability of the sodium-based DSI system to achieve 70 percent SO2 removal was also demonstrated previously. The integrated tests demonstrated the synergistic benefit of operating the SNCR and sodium-based DSI systems concurrently. With the automatic control system set to limit the NH3 emissions to less than 8 ppm, the NO2 emissions from the sodium-based DSI system were reduced by nominally 50 percent compared to operation with the DSI system alone. Comparably, the combined operation reduced NH3 emissions, as reflected by a higher urea injection rate for a fixed NH3 emission limit. With combined DSI and SNCR operation, an ammonia odor problem was encountered around the Unit 4 ash silo (this did not occur with the SNCR system operated alone at comparable NH3 slip levels). This odor problem is attributed to the sodium changing the rate at which NH3 is released from the ash when it is wetted for truck transport to the disposal site.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System Program, is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and duct humidification for SO2 removal. This report documents the final phase of the test program, in which the overall performance of the integrated system was evaluated. Previous testing has shown that the goal of 70 percent NOx removal was easily achieved with the combination of low-NOx burners, overfire air, and urea-based SNCR. Similarly, the ability of the sodium-based DSI system to achieve 70 percent SO2 removal was also demonstrated previously. The integrated tests demonstrated the synergistic benefit of operating the SNCR and sodium-based DSI systems concurrently. With the automatic control system set to limit the NH3 emissions to less than 8 ppm, the NO2 emissions from the sodium-based DSI system were reduced by nominally 50 percent compared to operation with the DSI system alone. Comparably, the combined operation reduced NH3 emissions, as reflected by a higher urea injection rate for a fixed NH3 emission limit. With combined DSI and SNCR operation, an ammonia odor problem was encountered around the Unit 4 ash silo (this did not occur with the SNCR system operated alone at comparable NH3 slip levels). This odor problem is attributed to the sodium changing the rate at which NH3 is released from the ash when it is wetted for truck transport to the disposal site.
![Download Reduction of NO[sub X] and SO[sub 2] Using Gas Reburning, Sorbent Injection, and Integrated Technologies PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/yyxH3yvcEzYC?fife=w200-h370)
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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428918876
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Reduction of NO[sub X] and SO[sub 2] Using Gas Reburning, Sorbent Injection, and Integrated Technologies written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO(subscript X) written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NO(subscript x)/SO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology Ill demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate 70 percent reductions in NO(subscript x) and S02 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NO(subscript x) burners with overfire air; (2) urea injection for additional NO(subscript x) removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high sulfur coal will also be tested. This report documents the first baseline test results conducted during the program. The baseline tests were conducted with the original burners and auxiliary equipment and represent the unmodified boiler emissions. The burner design of Arapahoe Unit 4 results in relatively high NO(subscript x) levels ranging from 740 to 850 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) over the load range. Excess air level was the primary factor influencing NO(subscript x) emissions. During normal boiler operations, there was a wide range in NO(subscript x) emissions, due to the variations of excess air, boiler load and other, secondary parameters. SO2 emissions ranged from 350 to 600 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) and reflected variations in the coal sulfur content.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 2, April 1--June 30, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A per the DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC22-91PC90550 dated March 11, 1991, Public Service Company of Colorado has prepared the following quarterly report for Phase I, IIA, and IIB of the Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System Project. This project includes Low NOx Burners with post firing air injection, humidification, and dry sorbent injection. This quarterly report covers the quarterly period April, May, and June, 1991. This report covers project activities for the second three months period of the project.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Calcium-based Dry Sorbent Injection. Test Report, April 30--November 2, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOxSO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be investigated. This report documents the fifth phase of the test program, where the performance of the dry sorbent injection of calcium was evaluated as an SO2 removal technique. Dry sorbent injection with humidification was performed downstream of the air heater (in-duct). Calcium injection before the economizer was also investigated. The in-duct calcium sorbent and humidification retrofit resulted in SO2 reductions of 28 to 40 percent, with a Ca/S of 2, and a 25 to 30°F approach to adiabatic saturation temperature. The results of the economizer calcium injection tests were disappointing with less than 10 percent SO2 removal at a Ca/S of 2. Poor sorbent distribution due to limited access into the injection cavity was partially responsible for the low overall removals. However, even in areas of high sorbent concentration (local Ca/S ratios of approximately 6), SO2 removals were limited to 30 percent. It is suspected that other factors (sorbent properties and limited residence times) also contributed to the poor performance.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Low-NO3 Combustion System Retrofit Test Report. Test Report, August 6--October 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology M demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective NonCatalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be investigated. This report documents the third phase of the test program, where the performance of the retrofit low-NOx combustion system is compared to that of the original combustion system. This third test phase was comprised of an optimization of the operating conditions and settings for the burners and overfire air ports, followed by an investigation of the performance of the low-NOx combustion system as a function of various operating parameters. These parameters included boiler load, excess air level, overfire air flow rate and number of mills in service. In addition, emissions under normal load following operation were compared to those collected during the optimization and parametric performance tests under baseloaded conditions. The low-NOx combustion system retrofit resulted in NOx reductions of 63 to 69 percent, depending on boiler load. The majority of the NOx reduction was obtained with the low-NOx burners, as it was shown that the overfire air system provided little additional NOx reduction for a fixed excess air level. CO emissions and flyash carbon levels did not increase as a result of the retrofit.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 954 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Baseline Test Report, November 11--December 15, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology Ill demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate 70 percent reductions in NOx and S02 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) urea injection for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high sulfur coal will also be tested. This report documents the first baseline test results conducted during the program. The baseline tests were conducted with the original burners and auxiliary equipment and represent the unmodified boiler emissions. The burner design of Arapahoe Unit 4 results in relatively high NOx levels ranging from 740 to 850 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) over the load range. Excess air level was the primary factor influencing NOx emissions. During normal boiler operations, there was a wide range in NOx emissions, due to the variations of excess air, boiler load and other, secondary parameters. SO2 emissions ranged from 350 to 600 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) and reflected variations in the coal sulfur content.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 4, October 1--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC22-91PC90550 dated March 11, 1991, Public Service Company of Colorado has prepared the following quarterly report for Phases I, IIA, and IIB of the Integrated Dry NOxSO2 Emissions Control System Project. This project includes low NOx burners with NOx ports (post firing air injection), humidification and dry sorbent injection.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Sodium-based Dry Sorbent Injection Test Report. Test Period written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70% reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. This report documents the sixth phase of the test program, where the performance of dry sorbent injection with sodium compounds was evaluated as a SO2 removal technique. Dry sorbent injection was performed in-duct downstream of the air heater (ahead of the fabric filter), as well as at a higher temperature location between the economizer and air heater. Two sodium compounds were evaluated during this phase of testing: sodium sesquicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate. In-duct sodium injection with low levels of humidification was also investigated. This sixth test phase was primarily focused on a parametric investigation of sorbent type and feed rate, although boiler load and sorbent preparation parameters were also varied.
