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Institutional Adaptation And Innovation In Rural Mexico
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Book Synopsis Institutional Adaptation and Innovation in Rural Mexico by : Richard Snyder
Download or read book Institutional Adaptation and Innovation in Rural Mexico written by Richard Snyder and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the complex processes of institutional transformation that were unleashed in rural Mexico by the government's massive program of market-oriented economic reforms in the 1990s, creating new pressures for campesinos to make their production choices individually. Instead of paving the way for the triumph of free market forces, neoliberal reforms in rural Mexico tiggered a creative episode of institutional reconstruction and innovation. As a result, instead of focusing on how the old institutions of statism were dismantled, students of rural Mexico should shift their attention to understanding the new institutions that have replaced those destroyed or displaced by the neoliberal reforms.
Book Synopsis Mexico in Transition by : Gerardo Otero
Download or read book Mexico in Transition written by Gerardo Otero and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexico in Transition provides a wide-ranging, empirical and up-to-date survey of the multiple impacts neoliberal policies have had in practice in Mexico over twenty years, and the specific impacts of the NAFTA Agreement. The volume covers a wide terrain, including the effects of globalization on peasants; the impact of neoliberalism on wages, trade unions, and specifically women workers; the emergence of new social movements El Barzón and the Zapatistas (EZLN); how the environment, especially biodiversity, has become a target for colonization by transnational corporations; the political issue of migration to the United States; and the complicated intersections of economic and political liberalization. Mexico in Transition provides rich concrete evidence of what happens to the different sectors of an economy, its people, and natural resources, as the profound change of direction that neoliberal policy represents takes hold. It also describes and explains the diverse forms of resistance and challenge that different civil-society groups of those affected are now offering to a model the downsides of which are becoming increasingly manifest.
Book Synopsis Weathering Risk in Rural Mexico by : Hallie Eakin
Download or read book Weathering Risk in Rural Mexico written by Hallie Eakin and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2016-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From floods and droughts to tsunamis and hurricanes, recent years have seen a distressing and often devastating increase in extreme climatic events. While it is possible to study these disasters from a purely scientific perspective, a growing preponderance of evidence suggests that changes in the environment are related to both a shift in global economic relations and these weather-related disasters. In Weathering Risk in Rural Mexico, Hallie Eakin draws on ethnographic data collected in three agricultural communities in rural Mexico to show how economic and climatic change not only are linked in cause and effect at the planetary scale but also interact in unpredictable and complex ways in the context of regional political and trade relationships, national economic and social programs, and the decision-making of institutions, enterprises, and individuals. She shows how the parallel processes of globalization and climatic change result in populations that are “doubly exposed” and thus particularly vulnerable. Chapters trace the effects of El Niño in central Mexico in the late 1990s alongside some of the principal changes in the country’s agricultural policy. Eakin argues that in order to develop policies that effectively address rural poverty and agricultural development, we need an improved understanding of how households cope simultaneously with various sources of uncertainty and adjust their livelihoods to accommodate evolving environmental, political, and economic realities.
Download or read book Enfoque written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Jungle Laboratories by : Gabriela Soto Laveaga
Download or read book Jungle Laboratories written by Gabriela Soto Laveaga and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-23 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1940s chemists discovered that barbasco, a wild yam indigenous to Mexico, could be used to mass-produce synthetic steroid hormones. Barbasco spurred the development of new drugs, including cortisone and the first viable oral contraceptives, and positioned Mexico as a major player in the global pharmaceutical industry. Yet few people today are aware of Mexico’s role in achieving these advances in modern medicine. In Jungle Laboratories, Gabriela Soto Laveaga reconstructs the story of how rural yam pickers, international pharmaceutical companies, and the Mexican state collaborated and collided over the barbasco. By so doing, she sheds important light on a crucial period in Mexican history and challenges us to reconsider who can produce science. Soto Laveaga traces the political, economic, and scientific development of the global barbasco industry from its emergence in the 1940s, through its appropriation by a populist Mexican state in 1970, to its obsolescence in the mid-1990s. She focuses primarily on the rural southern region of Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, where the yam grew most freely and where scientists relied on local, indigenous knowledge to cultivate and harvest the plant. Rural Mexicans, at first unaware of the pharmaceutical and financial value of barbasco, later acquired and deployed scientific knowledge to negotiate with pharmaceutical companies, lobby the Mexican government, and ultimately transform how urban Mexicans perceived them. By illuminating how the yam made its way from the jungles of Mexico, to domestic and foreign scientific laboratories where it was transformed into pills, to the medicine cabinets of millions of women across the globe, Jungle Laboratories urges us to recognize the ways that Mexican peasants attained social and political legitimacy in the twentieth century, and positions Latin America as a major producer of scientific knowledge.
Book Synopsis Sultanistic Regimes by : Houchang E. Chehabi
Download or read book Sultanistic Regimes written by Houchang E. Chehabi and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1998-06-05 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritarian governments are often based on raw power sustained by fear of punishment and hope of reward. This text identifies common characteristics of such regimes, comparing them to totalitarian and authoritarian forms of government, and tracing common patterns for their genesis and demise.
Book Synopsis Power from Experience by : Paul Lawrence Haber
Download or read book Power from Experience written by Paul Lawrence Haber and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Vicente Fox was elected Mexico&’s president in 2000, the world&’s most enduring twentieth-century authoritarian regime finally came to an end. In this book Paul Haber explains how urban popular movements contributed to such a historic transition. In the 1960s Mexico&’s urban poor, effectively incorporated into institutionalized forms of clientelism and cooptation, were perceived as passive and acquiescent. Their situation changed during the 1970s, Haber shows, as popular movements&—led largely by young people inspired by the revolutionary ideals of Mexico&’s 1960s student movement&—took the first steps toward mobilizing the urban poor in what would develop into the full-scale political protests of the 1980s. When Mexico&’s economic crisis came in the early 1980s, urban popular movements were in a position to play a major role in the growing democratic opposition. Haber, using a creative blend of ethnography and policy analysis, traces this history on a national level and with detailed reference to two key organizations, the Comit&é de Defensa Popular of Durango and the Asamblea de Barrios of Mexico City. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, many of Mexico&’s most important social leaders saw new opportunities in electoral politics, and the transformation from social movement to party politics began. Haber&’s study closely follows the urban dimensions of this history and spells out its implications not only for the urban poor but also for Mexico&’s nascent democracy.
Book Synopsis Politics After Neoliberalism by : Richard Snyder
Download or read book Politics After Neoliberalism written by Richard Snyder and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-06-18 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richard Snyder's study offers an analysis of politics after neoliberalism.
Book Synopsis Evading the Patronage Trap by : Brian Palmer-Rubin
Download or read book Evading the Patronage Trap written by Brian Palmer-Rubin and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why have Latin American democracies proven unable to confront the structural inequalities that cripple their economies and stymie social mobility? Brian Palmer-Rubin contends that we may lay the blame on these countries’ systems of interest representation, which exhibit “biased pluralism,” a system in which the demands of organizations representing economic elites—especially large corporations—predominate. A more inclusive model of representation would not only require a more encompassing and empowered set of institutions to represent workers, but would also feature spaces for non-eliteproducers—such as farmers and small-business owners to have a say in sectoral economic policies. With analysis drawing on over 100 interviews, an original survey, and official government data, this book focuses on such organizations and develops an account of biased pluralism in developing countries typified by the centrality of patronage—discretionarily allocated state benefits. Rather than serving as conduits for demand-making about development models, political parties and interest organizations often broker state subsidies or social programs, augmenting the short-term income of beneficiaries, but doing little to improve their long-term economic prospects. When organizations become diverted into patronage politics, the economic demands of the masses go unheard in the policies that most affect their lives, and along the way, their economic interests go unrepresented.
Download or read book NACLA Report on the Americas written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fair Trade Coffee by : Gavin Fridell
Download or read book Fair Trade Coffee written by Gavin Fridell and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, sales of fair trade coffee have grown significantly and the fair trade network has emerged as an important international development project. Activists and commentators have been quick to celebrate this sales growth, which has allowed socially just trade, labour, and environmental standards and practices to be extended to hundreds of thousands of small farmers and poor rural workers throughout the Global South. While recent assessments of the fair trade network have focused on its impact on local poverty alleviation, however, the broader political-economic and historically rooted structures that frame it have been left largely unexamined. In this study, Gavin Fridell argues that while local level analysis is important, examination of the impacts of broader structures on fair trade coffee networks, and vice versa, are of equal if not greater significance in determining their long-term developmental potential. Using case studies from Mexico and Canada, Fridell examines the fair trade coffee movement at both the global and local level, assessing its effectiveness and locating it within political and development theory. In addition, Fridell provides in-depth historical analysis of fair trade coffee in the context of global trade, and compares it with a variety of postwar development projects within the coffee industry. Timely, meticulously researched, and engagingly written, this study challenges many commonly held assumptions about the long-term prospects and pitfalls of the fair trade network's market-driven strategy in the era of globalization.
Book Synopsis Driving the State by : Dolores M. Byrnes
Download or read book Driving the State written by Dolores M. Byrnes and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her absorbing ethnography of the everyday practice of public policy, Dolores M. Byrnes focuses on Mi Comunidad, a job-creation program founded in 1996 by Vicente Fox when he was governor of Guanajuato. This program was intended to reduce migration and became an important source of empowerment for small businesses in rural Mexico. A significant aspect of the program is the way it encourages former residents who have successfully migrated to the United States to invest in the maquilas back home. Byrnes's close look at policy implementation reveals changing relationships between families and the state. Working as a volunteer in Mi Comunidad, Byrnes attempted to understand how the program worked. As she traveled from site to site with the two female state employees who implemented the program's policies, she saw that program practices reproduced middle-class values rather than female solidarity. In spite of this, she argues for the potential of female professional power, with implications for democracy and social justice. Perhaps most interesting of all, Byrnes portrays the formation of nonborder maquilas in rich detail and shows how government employees at the local level personally engage in "driving the state."
Book Synopsis The Future Role of the Ejido in Rural Mexico by : Richard Snyder
Download or read book The Future Role of the Ejido in Rural Mexico written by Richard Snyder and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores how reforms to Mexico's agrarian legislation changed the ejido's traditional role as the principal economic and political agent in the countryside.
Book Synopsis Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico by : Todd A. Eisenstadt
Download or read book Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico written by Todd A. Eisenstadt and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the growing disjuncture between Mexico's recently accelerated transition to democracy at the national level and what is occurring at the state and local levels in many parts of the country. Subnational political regimes controlled by hard-line antidemocratic elements linked to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) remain important in late-twentieth-century Mexico, even in an era of much-intensified interparty competition. The survival and even strengthening of state and local authoritarian enclaves in states like Puebla, Tabasco, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and the Yucatan raises serious questions: To what extent will failure to democratize in states and localities where little or no political change has occurred constrain or disrupt the national-level democratization process? How can Mexican leaders engineer a deconcentration of political power and a fiscal decentralization that do not simply strengthen authoritarian elites in the periphery?Drawing on recent field research in ten Mexican states, the contributors show how the increasingly uneven character of democratization in Mexico can be a significant obstacle to the completion of the process in an expeditious and lowconflict manner.
Book Synopsis Strategies for Survival by : Jessa Lewis
Download or read book Strategies for Survival written by Jessa Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Two Faces of Institutional Innovation by : Leonardo Avritzer
Download or read book The Two Faces of Institutional Innovation written by Leonardo Avritzer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates democratic innovations to allow a full analysis of the different practices that have emerged recently in Latin America. These innovations, often viewed in a positive light by a large section of democratic theorists, engendered the idea that all innovations are democratic and all democratic innovations are able to foster citizenship – a view challenged by this work. The book also evaluates the expansion of innovation to the field of judicial institutions. It will benefit democratic theorists by presenting a realistic analysis of the positive and negative aspects of democratic innovation.
Book Synopsis The Social Relations of Mexican Commodities by : Casey Walsh
Download or read book The Social Relations of Mexican Commodities written by Casey Walsh and published by Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies University of Cali. This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
