Insight Turkey Spring 2022 Rethinking Environmental Security In Turkiye And Beyond

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Insight Turkey / Spring 2022: Rethinking Environmental Security in Türkiye and Beyond

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Publisher : SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Insight Turkey / Spring 2022: Rethinking Environmental Security in Türkiye and Beyond by :

Download or read book Insight Turkey / Spring 2022: Rethinking Environmental Security in Türkiye and Beyond written by and published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One significant element is dragging the world community toward the necessity of going beyond national borders and interests to work together in the face of the new challenges that it poses: the environment and its security. Today the biggest and maybe the most neglected threat to humanity, in many pundits’ eyes, is global warming. The implications of subsequent climate change will have far-reaching impacts in all regions of the world, but they require special attention in industrialized countries that have compounded the consequences for the rest of the world, which is classified as developing or undeveloped. The challenge, on the other hand, does not acknowledge differences and thus requires collective action. Just to mention a few, some of the most felt effects of climate change are rising sea levels, resource depletion, freshwater shortages, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and natural disasters like floods, hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires. Indeed, according to the latest data from the World Health Organization it is estimated that in the period between 2030 to 2050 climate change alone will cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year because of malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress. The severity of these environmental problems has brought to the fore profound discussions on their impact on humans, states, and the world as a whole. As a result, debates over the securitization of the environment have gained prominence, especially in the late 1970s –due to the oil crises– and early 1990s –as the Cold War came to an end. On the one hand, the main focus of these debates has been on the impact that resource scarcity has on national security and cross border conflicts. On the other hand, moving away from the traditional understanding of security, the debates have concentrated on human security, specifically the threat that the environmental changes pose to the existence of human life on this planet. Alongside these discussions, considering that the environmental changes have a global impact, several international efforts have taken place to address these issues and find possible solutions. Starting in 1972 with the first world conference on environment –(United Nations Conference on the Human Environment)– in Stockholm several other undertakings have been held, especially after the end of the Cold War, i.e. the Earth Summit in 1992, which led later to the ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Within the latter’s framework, the UN holds yearly conferences (Conference of Parties, COP) that tackle the latest issues on climate change and environmental security, the most recent one held in Glasgow, Scotland. It is indeed these conferences that led to important international charters such as the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. In the light of these events, states have started to change and adopt their national security policies by taking into consideration the above-mentioned agreements and the ongoing environmental changes. However, despite these efforts, the world faces several environmental problems which emphasize the need for rapid and direct action. As an illustration, just in recent months, as the world is shaken by the Russia-Ukraine war, it has once again been demonstrated that environmental security –in this case in terms of food security– goes beyond the borders and will have a global impact. Türkiye, like all other nations, is facing the harsh reality of global change and looking into the challenge of dealing with its ramifications. Ankara joined the Kyoto Protocol in 2009 and the Paris Agreement in October 2021 under President Erdoğan. Türkiye is committed to reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2053 through the implementation of these initiatives. It was noted in Türkiye’s Eleventh Development Plan (2019-2023) that the country was committed to making significant economic and social changes to implement a ‘green revolution’, one element of the larger initiative to construct ‘green cities’ being the National Green Building Certificate System. Furthermore, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change of Türkiye developed a Regional Climate Change Course of Action, outlining the steps that must be taken to assuage the negative consequences of climate change. The Ministry emphasized its awareness of the need for fresh approaches to protect water sources, lower water use, improve rain harvests, recycle water, and build drip irrigation systems when it adopted the National Climate Adaptation Strategy and Course of Change (2011-2023). To better understand and reflect on these effects in this special issue of Insight Turkey we invited scholarly papers focusing on the dimensions of environmental security and their impact on international politics. As with all our past special issues, we have focused on Türkiye’s policy efforts to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental change. To account for the nexus between geopolitics and environmental security Peter Hough’s commentary approaches the issue from a supranational angle by bringing under the spotlight the great power competition in the Arctic. The author argues that, although the Arctic is still not an arena for war due to geopolitical rivalry among world powers, environmental issues pose the greatest dangers as intergovernmental ties in the area deteriorate. According to Hough, Russian energy export disruptions caused by Western sanctions may force the Kremlin to explore ecologically destructive initiatives further north. Canada may also be tempted to make up for energy shortages by restarting controversial drilling projects that were previously abandoned. The sparsely inhabited Arctic is unable to deal with oil spills, and additional incursions would result in higher pollution and much more destructive social disturbance. In a similar vein in our second commentary, Lassi Heininen assumes that although there is a new (East-West) great power competition with its associated conflicts in international politics, no violent conflicts arise in the Arctic, but environmental degradation and rapid climate change continue to endanger the inhabitants. The author further highlights the fact that in international politics, there is an urgent need to expand beyond the unified state system and achieve what was previously done domestically on a global, planetary scale, yet this is not occurring. Overall, both commentaries on the Arctic reveal that the post-Cold War Arctic is an intriguing case study for emphasizing the importance of the environment, as well as a reminder that high geopolitical stability and mutually beneficial common interests are both products of, and prerequisites for, effective collaboration. In our third on-topic commentary Karim Elgendy focuses on a more disputed case, namely the East Mediterranean. As the author rightly points out the Eastern Mediterranean area is a disjointed area covering a diverse group of countries formed by core topography and overlapping geopolitical goals. One thing is a common concern, though, the climatic issues and a system for cooperation urgently in the Eastern Mediterranean. Three on-topic research articles, two from a local viewpoint and one from an international one are included in our special edition and focus on the relationship between environmental security and climate change. Ayşegül Kibaroğlu uses institutional and cross-sector (energy and food) analyses to define Türkiye’s water security policies and practices with a particular focus on the transboundary water security strategies of Türkiye. The author concludes that a strong institutional structure, notably at the state level, has been built to achieve Türkiye’s overall socio-economic development objectives, which depend on the development of water and land resources. The need for improved governance, with proper coordination and cooperation among the public, private, and non-governmental institutions in charge of securing water for agricultural and hydropower development, domestic and industrial uses, as well as the preservation and protection of the environment, is however necessitated by the various types of increasing pressures on scarce water resources. Following up, İzzet Arı evaluates the framework of Turkish national climate policy against the backdrop of global climate change discussions. The paper succinctly explains how Türkiye is helping to combat climate change on a global scale. The basic tenets of Türkiye’s stance in climate negotiations include climate justice, taking into account the historical obligations of industrialized nations, the ‘Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities’ (CBDR-RC) concept, and equitable burden-sharing among all parties. As a result, the Paris Agreement’s structure, obligation coverage, and goals are consistent with Türkiye’s overall climate policy. Türkiye’s attempts to ensure equity in the UNFCCC’s classification of nations reflect its ambitions for climate justice. In the conclusion, the author warns that while Türkiye’s demand for climate justice must still be taken into account in current international climate discussions, Türkiye should incorporate and execute national climate policies into its development plans and programs. In our next on-topic research paper Yasemin Kaya questions the role of International Environmental Regimes (IERs) in global environmental governance. She astutely argues that as the Anthropocene is fundamentally altering the contextual settings in which IERs work, the scope of mainstream conversations about the effectiveness of IERs be widened to include the earth system viewpoint. The conclusion of the paper is bitter yet insightful. Despite continued attempts by regimes, environmental indicators reveal that there has been a tremendous increase in global environmental change. The efficacy of environmental regimes is a contentious topic since IERs, whose purpose is to collaborate to produce solutions for environmental problems, have not been sufficiently successful in this regard. Three off-topic research articles and one commentary enrich the scope of our special issue. Heiran-Nia and Monshipouri provide a thorough yet not exhaustive account of the situation of the middle class in Iran, which is taken to be on the slippery slope, switching from its dream of political reform to the reality of economic security. Thus, the authors fittingly refer to the Iranian middle class nowadays as economically comparable to the lowest strata of society, and they argue that this group largely seeks economic rather than political advancement. Duran, in the second off-topic research article of our special issue, attempts to elaborate on the dynamics of the normalization process ushered in by the Arab Spring and Türkiye’s role in spearheading this process with projected outcomes aimed at long-term stability in the region. Our final commentary by Ali Bakır covers the normalization procedures between the major parties in the Middle East from 2021 to 2022, as well as the efforts at reconciliation and rapprochement. The author subtly argues that although the normalization efforts have resulted in a fairly favorable environment in the region, it is difficult to assess whether some of the essential actors are forging this new route out of a real desire to do so or simply out of pragmatism. Meanwhile, Burhanettin Duran concludes that regional normalization has become a new political preference for the majority of participants, although it still has certain restrictions, the most significant of which is the intense global rivalry into which this normalization process evolved. Finally, Mohammed Torki Bani Salameh and Ahmad Ishakat investigate the dynamics of Israel’s perception of danger and security policy by integrating the two major theoretical frameworks of constructivism and realism. Revealing how identity and security perceptions shape the policy of Israel, the authors believe realist constructivism can help understand Israel’s behavior. While the importance of environmental security certainly is going to increase in the following years as more regional and global actors will join the fight against the climate change, it is critical to examine and understand the issue from geopolitical, economic, and legal perspectives. With that said, we are confident that this issue of Insight Turkey entitled “Rethinking Environmental Security in Türkiye and Beyond” will present timely studies regarding environmental security, a complex and increasingly important issue for Türkiye and the world.

Insight Turkey / Winter 2022 - Climate Change And Migration

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Publisher : SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Insight Turkey / Winter 2022 - Climate Change And Migration by :

Download or read book Insight Turkey / Winter 2022 - Climate Change And Migration written by and published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change and migration are two major phenomena that are constantly altering our planet and need a broad perspective to comprehend. Climate change has lately risen to the top of the worldwide agenda, and both the international community and national governments are scrambling to find adequate answers to its overwhelming impacts on the planet and its people. Migration has become a sobering concern, both as an epiphenomenal repercussion of climate change and as an inherent dynamic in and of itself, particularly in the light of recent mass movements of people from war-torn countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and, most recently, Ukraine due to Russia’s invasion. Climate change is becoming one of the most powerful forces driving human migration; many observers claim that in the near future its impact may exceed all man-made impacts. Although violence, persecution, and poverty have always driven people to leave their homes and their countries, climate change and natural disasters such as massive earthquakes, destructive floods, and global warming are increasingly impacting migratory patterns. The current global climate emergency has begun to influence not only the security of humans but also nation-states. While some natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods cause direct and immediate human displacements, climate change-related emergencies such as drought and erosion cause slow but steady migrations. As incremental climate change can increase the risk of natural disasters, their consequences will have vital implications for displacements (local or cross-border) and international policymaking. The right to a healthy and humane environment includes the enjoyment of a safe, clean, and sustainable climate, which is crucial to human existence and well-being. It is the responsibility of all states to take necessary measures such as preparing rights-based decarbonization plans, achieving zero carbon emissions, decreasing the use of fossil fuels, protecting vulnerable peoples, and increasing climate finance. In other words, maintaining a safe climate and protecting human rights are two interrelated issues. While most observers have been focusing on the movement of people leaving their homes and countries due to war and political crises, far less attention has been given to the millions fleeing their homes and countries due to climate change or other natural disasters. According to the International Displacement Monitoring Center, since 2008 more than 21 million people on average per year have been displaced due to different natural disasters. The capacity of nation-states in dealing with large swathes of people fleeing their home countries due to war, conflicts, natural disasters, and climate change has been of increasing interest for scholars and policymakers. The international refugee system and associated institutions have been criticized for failing to address the issue and lagging behind the developments producing further refugees. Countries, particularly the ‘developed’ ones, are responding to the problem by erecting further walls on their borders and around their policies, leading to the securitization of refugees bases mainly on economic arguments while most of the world’s refugees continue to live in ‘less developed’ parts of the world. Mental walls are also erected in front of refugees. In line with the rise of right-wing populism in Western and European countries, refugees are invariably politicized via anti-refugee discourses marked by the cultural difference they exemplify. Turkey’s open-door policy toward Syrian refugees since 2011 presents an exceptionally welcoming approach compared to the strict refugee regime of EU countries. Notwithstanding the dubious normative power of Europe and liberal humanitarianism, it stands for, most European countries reveal an unequivocal stance against accepting refugees from the South and the East. Whereas they have unconditionally opened their arms to Ukrainians, fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion, revealing a bitter double standard of the West when it comes to war and refugees. Our special issue entitled Climate Change and Migration strives to accomplish two broad objectives. First and foremost, it seeks to present an alarming and innovative perspective on climate change via case studies from all across the world. Second, we want to look at migration from the vantage point of global and regional dynamics that force people to migrate to ‘hopefully’ safer parts of the world at the risk to their lives, and we want to encourage international organizations and governments to find long-term solutions to this ever-changing process. To fulfill these aims our on-topic commentaries set off with a case study from Kerela, the southernmost state in India. Irudaya Rajan and his colleagues evaluate the role of inter-state migrants in the socio-economic profile of Kerala and comment on the necessity to include them as a priority in the migration policy discussions, particularly in light of the state’s proneness to natural disasters. They conclude that because the region is prone to regular floods, landslides, and other natural disasters, it is long overdue for inter-state migrants to be integrated into society and state policy to avoid mass migration and abuse during such trying times. Burak Güneş and Haydar Karaman examine how the UN Human Rights Council’s recent decision recognizing “The Human Right to a Safe, Clean, Healthy, and Sustainable Environment” prepares the way for a legal-political debate over climate-related issues. Turning their critical gaze to the case of Haiti, they analyze the consequences and significance of international law and politics on climate refugees as well as offer practical answers for persons who have been relocated as a result of environmental problems. They hypothesize that the migration as an adaptation framework could be useful for policymakers in determining how voluntary migration can help reduce vulnerability and exposure to climate-related damages, based on their analysis of the relevance of international law and politics on climate refugees in the case of the Republic of Haiti. Their demand for nations to adopt legal frameworks and enforceable mechanisms to cope with this unavoidable threat is of paramount importance. In our next commentary, Abdullah Ayaz discusses climate change as well as the more recent causes of migratory migrations from a global perspective. In particular, he examines the impact of externalization policies on migratory movements, which are predicted to gather steam as a result of the expanding diversity of push factors. He also highlights the roles and implementation of border restrictions, repatriation agreements, and other legal procedures aimed at making international protection and financial support programs more difficult for migrants. The author rightly calls for a more equitable reorganization of migration management at the international level due to the increased effect and frequency of migration. As a logical conclusion of his recommendations, Ayaz asks the international community to assume greater responsibility for migration-related events and focus on addressing the core causes of migration. To make international migration management more just, equitable, and humane, one may draw from this debate that it is necessary to focus on the primary causes for migration rather than aiming to drive migrants away through externalization policies. The critical perspective that binds together all discussions in our special issue also marks Alexander Ugwukah’s timely commentary on the migration to and from Libya. The socio-economic ramifications of illegal migration to and from Libya are examined in this study in a brief yet perceptive manner. Its goal is to examine the underlying reasons and exacerbation of the development, its transformation into new kinds of slavery and a source of revenue for some criminal elements, the involvement of the EU, and how it impacts Nigerians and other nationals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ugwukah concludes that the situation needs to be addressed from all angles: the source of the supply, the Libyan recipients and accomplices, and the final destination locations in Europe, which will either accept or reject the migrants. In our final on-topic commentary Ömer Yılmaz examines Ankara’s ‘safe zones’ in Northern Syria, as well clarifying whether creating safe zones in response to the Syrian civil conflict and the subsequent humanitarian catastrophe was a choice or a requirement for Ankara in terms of irregular migration and border security. Yılmaz argues Turkey has declared multiple safe zones within Syria’s borders, using its right to self-defense under international law, to battle terrorist organizations that have taken advantage of the increasing vacuum in authority on Syrian land to put Turkish borders and nationals at danger. Recounting the critical turning points in the Syrian civil war, Yılmaz proposes that the safe zones serve three preemptive and prospective functions, (i) by providing a safe haven for the civilian population, (ii) by paving a step forward in the counter-terrorism campaign and attempts to stop irregular migration, and finally, (iii) by allowing Syrians to return to their homeland. In our off-topic commentary, Zafer Meşe provides a timely overview of German-Turkish relations vis-à-vis the formation of the ‘traffic light’ coalition as a result of the national elections of September 26, 2021. Meşe examines future bilateral ties with the incoming German administration by comparing the Turkish-German bilateral route since the turn of the millennium to a symbolic roller coaster ride to explain the ups and downs in the domain of foreign and security policy. Meşe estimates that bilateral ties will most likely be dominated by European concerns in the next months and years and Turkey will promote a good European agenda while also considering its national interests. Our special issue features 5 on-topic research articles and 2 off-topic ones providing in-depth analyses of the issues at stake. Mehmet Emin Binpınar and Çiğdem Tuğaç discuss the link between climate change and migration, as well as the potential repercussions in the context of climate security throughout the world and in Turkey. They conclude that in line with the fulfillment of human rights, international cooperation should assist the realization of the right to life, the right to enough food, water, appropriate health opportunities, education, the right to housing, and the right to self-realization. Next, Yusuf Alpaydın examines the migration experiences of Meskhetian Turkic high school students to Turkey. Yusuf Alpaydın points to the fact that in today’s globe, there is a lot of migration between nations, which is both frequent and severe at times and these movements have an impact on the nations’ economic, health, and education systems, and it will be advantageous for educational decision-makers to conduct a comprehensive analysis of these populations’ requirements and develop solutions to their difficulties. Ching-An Chang examines the socioeconomic makeup of Syrian refugees in Turkey and the opportunities it presents for better organizing refugee policy. The Syrian conflict, which has lasted more than ten years, is the worst humanitarian disaster since WWII. Turkey is home to over four million Syrians, the largest of any country. According to the author, there is still a long way to go before war refugees can return to their homeland and many of them have already formed a new life in the host nation; it is difficult for them to just abandon what they have achieved. More to the point, the destruction of their communities back home is another reason why people are hesitant to return, therefore the development of a long-term integration strategy for the host nations is unavoidable. The destruction resulting from state violence and the concomitant ethical concerns are the main themes of Rabia Aamir’s study of the personal story of Ghada Karmi, an anglicized Arab woman who was forced to leave her birth and childhood home in Palestine more than eighty-three years ago. This conceptual paper examines how Karmi presents her right to return to the land of her birth, how she problematizes the ongoing marginalization, erasure, and Nakba of her land, both by external and internal factors, and how she states the environmental ethic of her place, all while understanding the need for social justice and decolonization as expressed in her memoir. Sibel Yanık Aslan questions whether the inclusive link between migration and security has an impact on efforts to develop uniform migration policy and concludes that the formulation of an efficient immigration strategy is hampered by decisions made under the impact of securitization. When migration is regulated only for security reasons, Yanık Aslan argues, the EU’s basic ideals are jeopardized. In the penultimate article, Hatice Karahan and Nigar Tuğsuz assess the link between the socioeconomic rights of headscarved women in Turkey and official attitudes about the headscarf. Their findings suggest that real variety and integrity in the labor market cannot be attained in Turkey unless political and economic forces firmly promote equitable treatment for women professionals who choose to follow the Islamic dress code. In the final article, Murat Ülgül and İsmail Köse analyze the U.S.’ Black Sea policies using Jentleson’s framework, dubbed as 4Ps, referring to power, peace, prosperity, and principles. They argue that the ‘unilateral moment’ gave American leaders the impression that they could easily achieve all of their goals however, as they point out, in various places, including the South China Sea, the Middle East, and the Black Sea region, power-seeking practices frequently clashed with the interests of other regional powers, resulting in instability. This issue of Insight Turkey aims to present the current intertwined situation of climate change and migration through providing its readers with a general framework of the global natural challenges facing migrants and refugees, and highlight different migration and refugee policies from a selection of cases. We hope that this issue will pave the way for future research into the relationship between climate change and migration and the necessary policies that need to be undertaken in this regard.

Insight Turkey 2019/04

Author :
Publisher : SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Insight Turkey 2019/04 by :

Download or read book Insight Turkey 2019/04 written by and published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the dismemberment of the Ottoman State, even though it lost a huge territory, Turkey chose not to pursue an irredentist foreign policy, and although it was a continuation of the Ottoman State, it did not want to maintain the Ottoman heritage. Instead the Republic of Turkey preferred to follow a pro status quo and a comprehensive Westernist foreign policy orientation. When the Soviet Union threatened Turkey in the wake of the Second World War, Turkey needed to officially be part of the Western world. Therefore, it had to accept the subordination to the liberal Western world and a dependent relationship with the United States due to the requirements of the bipolar world system. In spite of the vertical nature of this relationship, both sides benefitted from this strong and sustainable alliance relationship. On the one hand, the Western alliance provided security against the Soviet threat, military and economic support, and political advantages to Turkey. On the other hand, the Western countries gained a great deal from Turkey, who served as the most important NATO ally in the southeastern European front and hosted military air bases against threats coming from the east. Even after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, Turkey continued to be a strategic ally of the West. However, after the changes in the global balance of power, the weakening of the American leadership, and the more assertive and competitive foreign policies of other global powers such as Russia and China, Turkey has decided to search for greater autonomy in its region. Furthermore, the Western states’ policies, especially those of the U.S., have forced Turkey to follow a more independent foreign policy in order to be able to counter the increasing political instability in its regions. More specifically, the Western countries have preferred to collaborate with some anti-Turkish regional actors that threaten Turkey’s national security. Especially after the Western support for the Fetullah Terrorist Organization (FETÖ) and the Syrian branch of PKK (YPG/PYD), both of which are considered as terrorist organizations by Turkey, the credibility of the Western countries has decreased dramatically in Turkey, leaving no other possible choice than questing for a more autonomous foreign policy. Thus, Turkey has begun to take necessary measures to search for a new and high-level status in the international system. Among others, Turkey has diversified its foreign economic relations and increased its material capacity. To this end, Turkey has begun to develop an Ankara-centered foreign policy and to oppose any developments that are detrimental to its national security. Turkey is still determined to maintain its alliance with the Western countries, but demands to revise the relationship, which became anachronic in the light of developments at a regional and global level. In its search for alternative partners and an independent foreign policy, Turkey has improved its relations with Russia, the main alternative challenger and balancer against the Western/American hegemony. For instance, when the Turkish offer to buy Patriots was rejected by the U.S government, Ankara reached a deal with Russia to buy S-400 missile defense systems. For many years now, Turkey has been asking for a comprehensive reformation in the international system and for a more inclusive approach in which multilateral international platforms such as the United Nations play a bigger role. Furthermore, since the July 15, 2016 coup attempt, the power of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) was consolidated. Three successful operations (Operation Euphrates Shield, Operation Olive Branch, and Operation Peace Spring) were undertaken in northern and northeastern Syria and as a result Turkey has strengthened its position in the Syrian conflict and prevented the projections of other actors involved in the crisis, thus indicating that it is a game changer in the region. Moreover, Turkey has recently initiated the Operation Claw in Northern Iraq against the PKK and has sent two drilling ships (Fatih and Yavuz) and one seismic ship (Barbaros) to the Eastern Mediterranean. In short, when forced, Turkey will be able to take unilateral measures to find solutions for the crises it may face in the future. Notwithstanding these developments, in principle, Turkey never questioned its longtime relations with the West. However, despite its membership of Western regional organizations like NATO, relationship with the Council of Europe and its EU membership process, the Western perception of Turkey has been extremely negative, and Western countries continue to take measures against Ankara. Fearing a loss control over Turkey, the Western powers have been trying to prevent Turkey’s quest for autonomy and punish any step taken in this regard. Furthermore, they have attempted to create an anti-Turkish regional bloc to contain Turkey’s regional effectiveness, i.e. the most recent rapprochement between Israel, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Egypt. Lastly, Western countries consistently support anti-Turkish forces in the region, including terrorist groups. It should also be noted that, at a time of multi-dimensional and multi-layered global threats and challenges, there is a high level of interdependency between Turkey and its NATO allies. European defense still starts from Turkey, especially when it comes to international terrorism and international migration. Therefore, it is very difficult to initiate a paradigm shift in Turkish-West relations. The only way for both sides to overcome the conflictual issues is to accept the new realities and to redefine the alliance relations. On the one hand, the Western countries should accept the new role that Turkey is determined to play in its regions and take the Turkish security concerns into attention. On the other hand, Turkey needs to continue its contributions to the NATO operations and to challenge the threats emanating from the Middle East, since Ankara cannot confront the regional threats by itself. This new issue of Insight Turkey showcases the emergence of Turkey as a regional power in the changing international system and aims to guide readers through the assortment of obstacles within Turkey’s foreign policy and how Turkey’s new diplomacy has navigated the nation to a whole new international arena. Turkey, in a volatile region, has plumbed the depths of autonomy in its foreign policy for the last decade and this has resulted in trouble with Turkey’s strategic and NATO ally, the United States. Ali Balcı’s commentary elucidates the quest of Turkey’s autonomy in the Middle East, where the collaboration with Russia and Iran consolidates its quest. Considering Turkey’s partnership with different actors for more autonomy, Balcı elaborates that the interests of Turkey and the U.S. are clashing in a region, where Turkey is a subordinate actor. The Syrian civil war has been a cardinal phenomenon having defined Turkey’s relationships with its NATO ally, the U.S., and its neighbor and successor of the Soviet Union, Russia. William Hale canonically expounds how the U.S. has condoned Turkey’s security concerns, thereby allowing Turkey to work with Russia in order to ward off the eminent threats emerging from Syria such as ISIS and YPG/PKK. Furthermore, this commentary suggests the tense relationship between Turkey and the U.S. not be taken at face value. As mentioned early, Turkey has been asking for a comprehensive reformation in the international system. The famous motto: “The world is bigger than five,” made famous by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan highlights the increasing need to reform the international system in favor of justice and fair representation for all members of the UN. The lack of social, economic, or humanitarian elements practiced within global governance continues to divide nations between the ‘center’ and ‘periphery.’ Berdal Aral delves deeper into the meaning of this motto and how domestically this idea emerged with the AK Party’s use of morality in governance and connecting more international ties to poorer countries in Asia and Africa. President Erdoğan envisages a more just multipolar world against the damage being done from the privileged few on the Security Council, by reintroducing necessary reforms advocating for peace over power. The relationship between Russia and Turkey has been steadily improving since the fall of the Soviet Union. As cooperation continues to increase, a few hard internal and external challenges have tested whether the relationship between these two great powers can persevere over differing interests. The military-strategic threats these countries face is the main driving force maneuvering these two nations’ relationships. The greatest of these came in 2015 with the downing of the Russian SU-24 bomber aircraft over its violations of Turkish airspace, this example alone caused geopolitical escalations that were crucial to resolve diplomatically. Resolution has been found with partnership in Syria and over arms trade as Turkey sees Russia as a path of diversification away from the West. In this regard, Şener Aktürk explores the various challenges endured and the reaction Russia had to the various threats Turkey has faced in recent years. The Eastern Mediterranean has remained one of the main focus areas of international attention due to the abundant amount of gas reserves around the Levant and island of Cyprus. Lately, Turkey has made sure to show its presence in the region at a time when energy security here has been an increasing issue as global actors compete over resources in the area. Mehmet Efe Biresselioglu discusses Turkey’s position in the contested energy-rich region as it continues to secure its interests in North Cyprus and diversify its own energy. As Turkey maximizes its energy potential, the reactions from surrounding states and the EU has hindered any sense of fair resolution to all regional parties. The unresolved dispute over Cyprus and respect for territorial sovereignty continues to be an ongoing dilemma that can see constructive progress made if Turkey is seen as a strategic partner, and not a part of the problem. The Turkish Lira suffered one of its most severe economic shocks in 2018, sending waves of uncertainty of Turkey’s economic potential worldwide. Among speculation as to what factors inhibit economic shocks on the Turkish market, Nurullah Gür, Mevlüt Tatlıyer, and Şerif Dilek address the view that geopolitical issues and slowed down reform measures are the main culprits to the depreciation. With the decline of the currency against the dollar, the Turkish government swiftly set to decrease the inflation rate and instill real sector reforms with a developmentalist approach to remedy the situation. Turkey continues to develop financial alternatives with reducing reliance on imports and growing in the export market, learning to safeguard against economic shocks has been a testing ground for the Turkish economy in recent years. Murat Ülgül introduces the importance of personal diplomacy, and how it is an effective tool in the modern world, thus making it no surprise that it has increased in practice within Turkey. Ülgül contends that personal diplomacy explains Turkey’s foreign policy better as it is most effective in crisis periods, when there is dominant leadership, and when the political leader is confident about his/her ability to shape policies, all of which are applicable in Turkey. Turkish judiciary faced its biggest crisis on the night of July 15, 2016 during the coup attempt organized by FETÖ members who wanted to bring down the democratically elected government. They, however, did not succeed owing to the sturdy resistance of prosecutors and judges who were determined to uphold the rule of law against the coup-plotters. A prominent lawyer, Hüseyin Aydın, clarifies how the Turkish judiciary has even-handedly conducted the prosecution process since the night of July 15. Convulsed by unrest, Iran has returned to the center of the world’s attention. Farhad Rezaei explores Iran’s aim towards increasing their militarization, as a means of survival even at the cost of destabilizing its regional neighbors, and international discomfort. Dividing Iran’s military doctrine between ideological-political and military-technological, Iran propagates its own notion as an Islamic protectorate and compensates for its military shortcomings, like its relatively weak air force, by bolstering its ballistic sector. To measure Iran’s military-technology by taking inventory of Iran’s military weaponry shows that they are at a disadvantage in the international realm. Therefore, they frequently resort to asymmetrical warfare with the use of proxy groups and cyberwarfare, where they have found limited success. While Iran is likely to continue to develop its weaponry, it is disadvantaged by richer neighbors partnered with America, economic sanctions, and the fact that its intentions on growth are seen more as a threat than domestic development. The last piece of this issue brings attention to the Kashmir Crisis –a simmering conflict– which has long been glossed over by many countries and international organizations yet, it has to be addressed due to the human rights violations in the region. The Public Safety Act, which is a preventive detention law and required to comply with the international law, is used as a political tool to realize the objectives of authorities rather than its advocated primary aim of detaining people. Mohmad Aabit Bhat sheds a light on the covert intentions of the law, which has been “enforced” in the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, with a discursive approach. These past years have been a challenging test for Turkish diplomacy, as fluctuating relationships and conflicting interests have been at the foreground, whether it’s in the warzone of Syria or on the international stage at the UN. Insight Turkey’s last issue for 2019 “Turkey’s New Foreign Policy: A Quest for Autonomy” analyses how Turkey with great stamina has proven that it is a strong cooperative player and balancer between the polarities of the world, as a voice for the oppressed and a pillar of strength among the dominant forces in the world.

The Grand Chessboard

Author : Zbigniew Brzezinski
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465093086
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The Grand Chessboard by : Zbigniew Brzezinski

Download or read book The Grand Chessboard written by Zbigniew Brzezinski and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2016-12-06 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bestselling author and eminent foreign policy scholar Zbigniew Brzezinski's classic book on American's strategic mission in the modern world. In The Grand Chessboard, renowned geostrategist Zbigniew Brzezinski delivers a brutally honest and provocative vision for American preeminence in the twenty-first century. The task facing the United States, he argues, is to become the sole political arbiter in Eurasian lands and to prevent the emergence of any rival power threatening our material and diplomatic interests. The Eurasian landmass, home to the greatest part of the globe's population, natural resources, and economic activity, is the "grand chessboard" on which America's supremacy will be ratified and challenged in the years to come. In this landmark work of public policy and political science, Brzezinski outlines a groundbreaking and powerful blueprint for America's vital interests in the modern world. In this revised edition, Brzezinski addresses recent global developments including the war in Ukraine, the re-emergence of Russia, and the rise of China.

Shock Waves

Author : Stephane Hallegatte
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464806748
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Shock Waves by : Stephane Hallegatte

Download or read book Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Hindsight, Insight, Foresight: Thinking About Security in the Indo-Pacific

Author : Alexander L. Vuving
Publisher : Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
ISBN 13 : 0977324664
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Hindsight, Insight, Foresight: Thinking About Security in the Indo-Pacific by : Alexander L. Vuving

Download or read book Hindsight, Insight, Foresight: Thinking About Security in the Indo-Pacific written by Alexander L. Vuving and published by Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hindsight, Insight, Foresight is a tour d’horizon of security issues in the Indo-Pacific. Written by 20 current and former members of the faculty at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, its 21 chapters provide hindsight, insight, and foresight on numerous aspects of security in the region. This book will help readers to understand the big picture, grasp the changing faces, and comprehend the local dynamics of regional security.

The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics

Author : Günes Murat Tezcür
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190064897
Total Pages : 865 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics by : Günes Murat Tezcür

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Turkish Politics written by Günes Murat Tezcür and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of politics in Turkey : new horizons and perennial pitfalls / Güneş Murat Tezcür -- Democratization theories and Turkey / Ekrem Karakoç -- Ruling ideologies in modern Turkey / Kerem Öktem -- Constitutionalism in Turkey / Aslı Ü. Bâli -- Civil-military relations and the demise of Turkish democracy / Nil S. Satana and Burak Bilgehan Özpek -- Capturing secularism in Turkey : the ease of comparison / Murat Akan -- The political economy of Turkey since the end of World War II / Şevket Pamuk -- Neoliberal politics in Turkey / Sinan Erensü and Yahya M. Madra -- The politics of welfare in Turkey / Erdem Yörük -- The political economy of environmental policymaking in Turkey : a vicious cycle / Fikret Adaman, Bengi Akbulut, and Murat Arsel -- The politics of energy in Turkey : running engines on geopolitical, discursive, and coercive power / Begüm Özkaynak, Ethemcan Turhan, and Cem İskender Aydın -- The contemporary politics of health in Turkey : diverse actors, competing frames, and uneven policies / Volkan Yılmaz -- Populism in Turkey : historical and contemporary patterns / Yüksel Taşkın -- Old and new polarizations and failed democratizations in Turkey / Murat Somer -- Economic voting during the AKP era in Turkey / S. Erdem Aytaç -- Party organizations in Turkey and their consequences for democracy / Melis G. Laebens -- The evolution of conventional political participation in Turkey / Ersin Kalaycıoğlu -- Symbolic politics and contention in the Turkish Republic / Senem Aslan -- Islamist activism in Turkey / Menderes Çınar -- The Kurdish movement in Turkey : understanding everyday perceptions and experiences / Dilan Okcuoglu -- The Transnational Mobilization of the Alevis of Turkey : from invisibility to the struggle for equality / Ceren Lord -- Politics of asylum seekers and refugees in Turkey : limits and prospects of populism / Fatih Resul Kılınç and Şule Toktaş -- A theoretical account of Turkish foreign policy under the AKP / Tarık Oğuzlu -- US-Turkey relations since WWII : from alliance to transactionalism / Serhat Güvenç and Soli Özel -- Turkey and Europe : historical asynchronicities and perceptual asymmetries / Hakan Yılmaz -- Turkey's foreign policy in the Middle East : an identity perspective / Lisel Hintz -- Turkey and Russia : historical patterns and contemporary trends in bilateral relations / Evren Balta and Mitat Çelikpala -- Citizenship and protest behavior in Turkey / Ayhan Kaya -- Gender politics and the struggle for equality in Turkey / Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat -- Human rights organizations in Turkey / Başak Çalı -- Truth, justice, and commemoration initiatives in Turkey / Onur Bakiner -- The politics of media in Turkey : chronicle of a stillborn media system / Sarphan Uzunoğlu -- The AKP's rhetoric of rule in Turkey : political melodramas of conspiracy from "ergenekon" to "mastermind" / Erdağ Göknar -- The transformation of political cinema in Turkey since the 1960s : a change of discourse / Zeynep Çetin-Erus and M. Elif Demoğlu -- Political music in Turkey : the birth and diversification of dissident and conformist music (1920-2000) / Mustafa Avcı.

The Oxford Handbook of the Ends of Empire

Author : Martin Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198713193
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Ends of Empire by : Martin Thomas

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Ends of Empire written by Martin Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Ends of Empire offers the most comprehensive treatment of the causes, course, and consequences of the collapse of empires in the twentieth century. The volume's contributors convey the global reach of decolonization, analysing the ways in which European, Asian, and African empires disintegrated over the past century.

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107025060
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Download or read book Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.

The Force of Nonviolence

Author : Judith Butler
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1788732782
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (887 download)

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Book Synopsis The Force of Nonviolence by : Judith Butler

Download or read book The Force of Nonviolence written by Judith Butler and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judith Butler’s new book shows how an ethic of nonviolence must be connected to a broader political struggle for social equality. Further, it argues that nonviolence is often misunderstood as a passive practice that emanates from a calm region of the soul, or as an individualist ethical relation to existing forms of power. But, in fact, nonviolence is an ethical position found in the midst of the political field. An aggressive form of nonviolence accepts that hostility is part of our psychic constitution, but values ambivalence as a way of checking the conversion of aggression into violence. One contemporary challenge to a politics of nonviolence points out that there is a difference of opinion on what counts as violence and nonviolence. The distinction between them can be mobilised in the service of ratifying the state’s monopoly on violence. Considering nonviolence as an ethical problem within a political philosophy requires a critique of individualism as well as an understanding of the psychosocial dimensions of violence. Butler draws upon Foucault, Fanon, Freud, and Benjamin to consider how the interdiction against violence fails to include lives regarded as ungrievable. By considering how ‘racial phantasms’ inform justifications of state and administrative violence, Butler tracks how violence is often attributed to those who are most severely exposed to its lethal effects. The struggle for nonviolence is found in movements for social transformation that reframe the grievability of lives in light of social equality and whose ethical claims follow from an insight into the interdependency of life as the basis of social and political equality.

Globalization and Environmental Challenges

Author : Hans Günter Brauch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540759778
Total Pages : 1141 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalization and Environmental Challenges by : Hans Günter Brauch

Download or read book Globalization and Environmental Challenges written by Hans Günter Brauch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 1141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Put quite simply, the twin impacts of globalization and environmental degradation pose new security dangers and concerns. In this new work on global security thinking, 91 authors from five continents and many disciplines, from science and practice, assess the worldwide reassessment of the meaning of security triggered by the end of the Cold War and globalization, as well as the multifarious impacts of global environmental change in the early 21st century.

Insight Turkey 2020/04 - The Future of The Libyan Crisis

Author :
Publisher : SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Insight Turkey 2020/04 - The Future of The Libyan Crisis by :

Download or read book Insight Turkey 2020/04 - The Future of The Libyan Crisis written by and published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Libya is one of the most important regional actors in the Middle East and North Africa region in terms of its geographical location and geostrategic importance. In 2011, Qaddafi was ousted from power raising the hopes of the Libyan people for a democratic regime. Unfortunately, Libya, one of the most interesting fronts of the Arab insurgencies and revolutions, has disintegrated into a severe civil war and a regional crisis. The reasons behind this are both internal and external. While the clash between the state, non-state, and armed actors within Libya have threated the internal stability, the intervention of some regional and global actors has incited the conflict further. Authoritarian regimes and pro status-quo states such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Egypt have been against the Arab uprisings as they did not want the will of the people to be reflected in the Middle East and Arab countries’ administrations. Within this context, these states did not allow the emergence of an encompassing and pluralist political structure in Libya. Furthermore, most international and regional powers such as France, Russia, and the United States have also been supporting this authoritarian coalition. Haftar, who had little influence during the revolution and lived outside of Libya for a long time, attempted a military coup in 2014 by rejecting the authorities of legitimate political actors in the country, with the support of these states. The Government of National Accord (GNA), which is recognized as the only legitimate representative of the Libyan state and people by many international institutions, most notably the United Nations, suppressed Haftar’s coup attempt. However, the abovementioned states continue to invest in Haftar’s forces. After having amassed enough armed forces with the support of a large coalition of states, Haftar launched a comprehensive military attack to take over the capital city of Tripoli in April 2019, to offset-up another autocratic regime in Libya. While everyone saw the capital Tripoli passing into the hands of Haftar as inevitable and only a matter of time,turning a blind eye to the situation, Turkey stepped in and upset all the calculations. As a result, Turkey increased its presence in Libya after two memorandums of understanding (MoUs) were signed with the GNA in November 2019. With these two memorandums, Turkey has determined and declared its sea border in the Eastern Mediterranean and made a commitment to the GNA. Accordingly, when needed and requested by GNA, Turkey is ready to provide all kinds of military support. Especially since January 2020, Turkey has supported the GNA militarily and financially in its struggle against Haftar. The GNA forces supported by Turkey defeated the Haftar troops and forced them to withdraw from a large area in the Western part of the country. Turkey, which has altered the whole balance of power in Libya within a short time with the new dynamics, has changed the course of the crisis and the civil war in the country. Haftar and his supporters, who preferred only military methods, had to declare a unilateral ceasefire and to sit down at the diplomatic negotiation table. At the same time, Turkey persuaded some countries that are flirting with both sides to strengthen their relationship with the GNA. Developments in Libya directly influence Turkey, since Libya is a very important country for Turkey in the context of both the history of bilateral relations as well as the regional balance of power. Therefore, since the first days of the revolution, Turkey has been in close relations with the legitimate actors in order to protect the territorial integrity and political independence of the Libyan state. With its support both in the conflict area and at the negotiating table, Turkey ensured that the GNA remains an effective actor. Thus, Turkey has prevented the persons and groups which are under the control of the anti-Turkish coalition during the post-Arab spring period. On the other hand, Turkey has negated all anti-Turkey moves, formations, and processes within the newly emerged strategic regional equation. In this sense, the legitimate Libyan government came to the fore as a regional actor that it can work with. After signing a ceasefire agreement in October 2020, in Geneva, the political peace talks started under the auspices of the United Nations acting envoy to Libya, Stephanie Williams, and the warring sides have reached a preliminary agreement to a roadmap for elections. The two rival sides have agreed to hold both parliamentary and presidential elections in December 2021. If the process is completed successfully, the future of the country will be determined after these elections hopefully with an end to the discord in the country. The Libyan issue is a complex crisis with which many local, regional, and global actors have become involved. Therefore, the resolution of the crisis will only be possible with international consensus. In order to solve the crisis, a negotiation process must begin after securing a sustainable ceasefire agreement, all segments of the Libyan society must be included, and the two sides must reconcile on civil and democratic principles. Only then can a reconstruction of the state and a reform process in political, economic and security spheres be initiated. This issue of Insight Turkey focuses on underscoring both promises of internal reconstruction and challenges fueled by different external actors intervening in the Libyan crisis. This latest issue includes five commentaries and three insightful research articles that explore the Libyan conflict from different perspectives. While some pieces focus on the role of different actors in the crisis, others analyze the reconstruction efforts. While the civil war has pitted Libyans against each other, foreign interventions have hindered the resolution of the civil war. In this regard, Yahia H. Zoubir’s commentary presents a coherent framework of the foreign powers involved in the Libyan conflict and their interests. Zoubir argues that unless those foreign powers have achieved their goals in Libya, an end to the civil war anytime soon remains unlikely. Talha Köse and Bilgehan Öztürk provide a rigorous analysis of the external interventions in Libya and the logic behind each intervention, between offensive, defensive, opportunistic, or ideological. Understanding the full picture in Libya requires us to fully grasp the Turkish role and motivation for the Libyan conflict. To do so, İsmail Numan Telci underlines the factors and challenges that made it difficult for Turkey to implement its peaceful plans in Libya and argues that Turkey will continue to be an active supporter of peace and stability in the country. Tarek Megerisi briefly analyzes Europe’s relations with post-revolutionary Libya and European policies on Libya to conclude by stating that a continuing struggle between the EU member states over how to handle the new world, that is emerging in the wake of the pax-Americana, is also exposed in European policy on Libya. Ali Bakir’s article aims to discuss the United Arab Emirates’ interventions in Libya in terms of their nature, extent, motives, goals, and repercussions. Bakir tries to answer the questions of why Abu Dhabi has been able to act with impunity in Libya despite being the top foreign player fueling the war there for many years, and whether it will be able to achieve its goals and continue its interventions in Libya or not. France, while actively allying with the UAE, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, has aggressively confronted Turkey and undermined the internationally recognized Libyan Government of National Accord. On this basis, Timothy Reid seeks to examine the premises of the French policy toward Libya and its real intentions behind these actions. Guma el-Gamaty highlights the strong foundations and drivers for the Turkish-Libyan strategic alliance which allowed Turkey eventually to provide timely and decisive support for the legitimate Government of National Accord. He argues that the Turkish strategic relationship and cooperation with Libya over the coming decades will contribute to lasting peace as well as institution and state-building. Based on empirical evidence, Shatha Sbeta and Mohamed Abufalgha advocate for a comprehensive framework to address the political, economic, and social challenges facing Libya. Their proposal draws a clear roadmap that begins with establishing trust and extending the authority of the government across the Libyan territory. Murat Aslan, focusing on state, non-state, and armed actors, analyses Libya’s post-Qaddafi fragile state structure and struggles to build the internal order. He argues that these actors pose a repeating and paradoxical dilemma in which the root causes can be scrutinized by investigating the security culture inherited from Qaddafi’s regime. Four off-topic manuscripts conclude this issue of Insight Turkey. This issue places a special emphasis on the insurmountable deadlock that tackled the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict resolution process. Farid Shafiyev and Vasif Huseynov in their off-topic commentary assert that this deadlock is due to the failure of the peace negotiations brokered by different actors to deliver any progress as well as the constant provocations of Armenian military and political leaders, which eventually led to the outbreak of an almost full-scale war on September 27, 2020. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, refugees are in constant danger because they live in highly congested environments. Within this context, Mahmood Monshipouri, Burcu Akan Ellis, and Cassidy Renee Yip call for a new approach to cope with the pandemic while arguing that helping refugees to curb the spread of the current coronavirus cannot be divorced from social contexts. Lukáš Tichý, Jan Mazač, and Zbyněk Dubský present a modified concept of the EU actorness in energy relations and deals with the identification of its criteria. Based on a predefined methodology, the article also analyses dimensions of actorness in the external energy relations with Algeria. Written by Shamkhal Abilov, Ceyhun Mahmudlu, and Natig Abdullayev, the last research article focuses on the dispute between Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan over the delimitation of the Caspian Sea. This article aims to find out whether the new Convention of 2018 on the status of the Caspian Sea resolved the long-standing dispute and to assess the potential of implementing the Trans Caspian Pipeline under the new conditions. With one more year coming to an end, we are pleased to present to our readers yet another insightful issue of Insight Turkey that aims to bring the Libyan crisis to the attention of the politicians, intellectuals, and academicians. With the hope that you will find this issue informative and interesting, we are looking forward to providing you with more next year.

Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide

Author : Adrian J. Pearce
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 178735735X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide by : Adrian J. Pearce

Download or read book Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide written by Adrian J. Pearce and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowhere on Earth is there an ecological transformation so swift and so extreme as between the snow-line of the high Andes and the tropical rainforest of Amazonia. The different disciplines that research the human past in South America have long tended to treat these two great subzones of the continent as self-contained enough to be taken independently of each other. Objections have repeatedly been raised, however, to warn against imagining too sharp a divide between the people and societies of the Andes and Amazonia, when there are also clear indications of significant connections and transitions between them. Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide brings together archaeologists, linguists, geneticists, anthropologists, ethnohistorians and historians to explore both correlations and contrasts in how the various disciplines see the relationship between the Andes and Amazonia, from deepest prehistory up to the European colonial period. The volume emerges from an innovative programme of conferences and symposia conceived explicitly to foster awareness, discussion and co-operation across the divides between disciplines. Underway since 2008, this programme has already yielded major publications on the Andean past, including History and Language in the Andes (2011) and Archaeology and Language in the Andes (2012).

Experiences of Islamophobia

Author : James Carr
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317529421
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiences of Islamophobia by : James Carr

Download or read book Experiences of Islamophobia written by James Carr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 9/11 interest in Islamophobia has steadily increased – as has the number of academic publications discussing the phenomenon. However, theoretical expositions have dominated the field. Lived experiences of Islamophobia, by contrast, have received little attention. In recognition of the importance of addressing this imbalance, this book provides theoretically-informed analyses alongside everyday testimonies of anti-Muslim racism, set comparatively in an international context. Carr argues that the failure of the neoliberal state to collect data on anti-Muslim racism highlights the perpetuation of ‘race’ blindness within governance. Not only does this mean that the salience of racism is denied in the lives of those who experience it, but this also enables the state to absolve itself from challenging the issue and providing the necessary supports to Muslim communities. Offering original empirical research and theoretical engagement with the concept of ‘race’-blind neoliberal governance, this book will appeal to students and scholars across the social sciences, in addition to policymakers and activists working in this topical area.

The Globalization Paradox

Author : Dani Rodrik
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191634255
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Globalization Paradox by : Dani Rodrik

Download or read book The Globalization Paradox written by Dani Rodrik and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, economists have driven forward the cause of globalization in financial institutions, labour markets, and trade. Yet there have been consistent warning signs that a global economy and free trade might not always be advantageous. Where are the pressure points? What could be done about them? Dani Rodrik examines the back-story from its seventeenth-century origins through the milestones of the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, and the Washington Consensus, to the present day. Although economic globalization has enabled unprecedented levels of prosperity in advanced countries and has been a boon to hundreds of millions of poor workers in China and elsewhere in Asia, it is a concept that rests on shaky pillars, he contends. Its long-term sustainability is not a given. The heart of Rodrik’s argument is a fundamental 'trilemma': that we cannot simultaneously pursue democracy, national self-determination, and economic globalization. Give too much power to governments, and you have protectionism. Give markets too much freedom, and you have an unstable world economy with little social and political support from those it is supposed to help. Rodrik argues for smart globalization, not maximum globalization.

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251305722
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.

Tourism and Global Environmental Change

Author : Stefan Gössling
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113423418X
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Tourism and Global Environmental Change by : Stefan Gössling

Download or read book Tourism and Global Environmental Change written by Stefan Gössling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book is the first comprehensive analysis of the economic, social and political interrelationships between tourism and global environmental change: one of the most significant issues facing humankind today. Its contributors argue that the impacts of these changes are potentially extremely serious both for the tourism industry, and for the communities dependent upon it. Integrating knowledge from the social and physical sciences, this significant book explores they key issues surrounding global environmental change, as well as government and industry willingness to meet the challenges posed by it. Divided into four main sections, it investigates: the tourism and global environmental change relationship in specific environments global issues related to environmental change differing perceptions of global environmental change held by tourists and the tourist industry. Comprehensive in scope, topical and integrative, this key text is essential reading for students, scholars and researchers in all aspects of tourism, geography and environmental studies.