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Inhibition In Different Segments Of An Instrumental Response Chain As A Function Of Allowing Withdrawal From Nonreinforcement
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Book Synopsis Inhibition in Different Segments of an Instrumental Response Chain as a Function of Allowing Withdrawal from Nonreinforcement by : Carl Merle Johnson
Download or read book Inhibition in Different Segments of an Instrumental Response Chain as a Function of Allowing Withdrawal from Nonreinforcement written by Carl Merle Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Union Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Book Synopsis Theories on Drug Abuse by : National Institute on Drug Abuse. Division of Research
Download or read book Theories on Drug Abuse written by National Institute on Drug Abuse. Division of Research and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map by : John O'Keefe
Download or read book The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map written by John O'Keefe and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The nature of reinforcement by : Robert Glaser
Download or read book The nature of reinforcement written by Robert Glaser and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Matching Law by : Richard J. Herrnstein
Download or read book The Matching Law written by Richard J. Herrnstein and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This impressive collection features Richard Herrnstein's most important and original contributions to the social and behavioral sciences--his papers on choice behavior in animals and humans and on his discovery and elucidation of a general principle of choice called the matching law. In recent years, the most popular theory of choice behavior has been rational choice theory. Developed and elaborated by economists over the past hundred years, it claims that individuals make choices in such a way as to maximize their well-being or utility under whatever constraints they face; that is, people make the best of their situations. Rational choice theory holds undisputed sway in economics, and has become an important explanatory framework in political science, sociology, and psychology. Nevertheless, its empirical support is thin. The matching law is perhaps the most important competing explanatory account of choice behavior. It views choice not as a single event or an internal process of the organism but as a rate of observable events over time. It states that instead of maximizing utility, the organism allocates its behavior over various activities in exact proportion to the value derived from each activity. It differs subtly but significantly from rational choice theory in its predictions of how people exert self-control, for example, how they decide whether to forgo immediate pleasures for larger but delayed rewards. It provides, through the primrose path hypothesis, a powerful explanation of alcohol and narcotic addiction. It can also be used to explain biological phenomena, such as genetic selection and foraging behavior, as well as economic decision making.
Book Synopsis The Science of Learning by : Joseph J. Pear
Download or read book The Science of Learning written by Joseph J. Pear and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over a century and a quarter, the science of learning has expanded at an increasing rate and has achieved the status of a mature science. It has developed powerful methodologies and applications. The rise of this science has been so swift that other learning texts often overlook the fact that, like other mature sciences, the science of learning has developed a large body of knowledge. The Science of Learning comprehensively covers this knowledge in a readable and highly systematic manner. Methodology and application are discussed when relevant; however, these aspects are better appreciated after the reader has a firm grasp of the scientific knowledge of learning processes. Accordingly, the book begins with the most fundamental and well-established principles of the science and builds on the preceding material toward greater complexity. The connections of the material with other sciences, especially its sister science, biology, are referenced throughout. Through these frequent references to biology and evolution, the book keeps in the forefront the recognition that the principles of learning apply to all animals. Thus, in the final section the book brings together all learning principles studied in research settings by demonstrating their relevance to both animals and humans in their natural settings. For animals this is the untamed environment of their niches; for humans it is any social environment, for Homo sapiens is the social and learning animal par excellence.
Book Synopsis Natural Intelligence in Artificial Creatures by : Christian Balkenius
Download or read book Natural Intelligence in Artificial Creatures written by Christian Balkenius and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genes, Memes, Culture, and Mental Illness by : Hoyle Leigh
Download or read book Genes, Memes, Culture, and Mental Illness written by Hoyle Leigh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What produces mental illness: genes, environment, both,neither? The answer can be found in memes—replicable units of information linking genes and environment in the memory and in culture—whose effects on individual brain development can be benign or toxic. This book reconceptualizes mental disorders as products of stressful gene-meme interactions and introduces a biopsychosocial template for meme-based diagnosis and treatment. A range of therapeutic modalities, both broad-spectrum (meditation) and specific(cognitive-behavioral), for countering negative memes and their replication are considered, as are possibilities for memetic prevention strategies. In this book, the author outlines the roles of genes and memes in the evolution of the human brain; elucidates the creation, storage, and evolution of memes within individual brains; examines culture as a carrier and supplier of memes to the individual; provides examples of gene-meme interactions that can result in anxiety, depression, and other disorders; proposes a multiaxial gene-meme model for diagnosing mental illness; identifies areas of meme-based prevention for at-risk children; and defines specific syndromes in terms of memetic symptoms, genetic/ memetic development, and meme-based treatment.
Download or read book Environmental Influences written by and published by Rockefeller Univ. Press. This book was released on 1968 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation by : V. Hamilton
Download or read book Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation written by V. Hamilton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the contributions of the members of an Advanced Research Workshop on Cogni ti ve Science Perspectives on Emotion, Motivation and Cognition. The Workshop, funded mainly by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, together with a contribution from the (British) Economic and Social Research Council, was conducted at II Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 21-27 June 1987. The venue for our discussions was ideal: a quiet holiday hotel, 500m high in the Apennine mountain range, approached by a mile of perilously steep, winding narrow road. The isolation was conducive to concentrated discussions on the topics of the Workshop. The reason for the Workshop was a felt need for researchers from disparate but related approaches to cognition, emotion, and motivation to communicate their perspectives and arguments to one another. To take just one example, the framework of information processing and the metaphor of mind as a computer has wrought a major revolution in psychological theories of cogni tion. That framework has radically altered the way psychologists conceptualize perception, memory, language, thought, and action. Those advances have formed the intellectual substrate for the "cognitive science" perspective on mental life.
Book Synopsis Learning and Behavior by : Paul Chance
Download or read book Learning and Behavior written by Paul Chance and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR, Seventh Edition, is stimulating and filled with high-interest queries and examples. Based on the theme that learning is a biological mechanism that aids survival, this book embraces a scientific approach to behavior but is written in clear, engaging, and easy-to-understand language.
Book Synopsis From Molecules to Networks by : Ruth Heidelberger
Download or read book From Molecules to Networks written by Ruth Heidelberger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-27 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphologic, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this second edition to reflect the significant advances of the past 5 years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding a new chapter, Information Processing in Neural Networks, and on the relation of cell biological processes to various neurological diseases. The new concluding chapter illustrates how the great strides in understanding the biochemical and biophysical properties of nerve cells have led to fundamental insights into important aspects of neurodegenerative disease. - Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the second edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook - Discusses emerging new understanding of non-classical molecules that affect neuronal signaling - Full colour, professional graphics throughout - Includes two new chapters: Information Processing in Neural Networks - describes the principles of operation of neural networks and the key circuit motifs that are common to many networks in the nervous system. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease - introduces the progress made in the last 20 years in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's disease
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Martin Giurfa
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Martin Giurfa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes. We discuss examples of exploration, instrumental and observational learning, expectation, learning in a social context, and planning of future actions. We show that learning about sensory cues allows insects to transfer flexibly their responses to novel stimuli attaining thereby different levels of complexity, from basic generalization to categorization and concept learning consistent with rule extraction. We argue that updating of existing memories requires multiple forms of memory processing. A key element in these processes is working memory, an active form of memory considered to allow evaluation of actions on the basis of expected outcome. We discuss which of these cognitive faculties can be traced to specific neural processes and how they relate to the overall organization of the insect brain.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Criminological Theory by : Roger Hopkins Burke
Download or read book An Introduction to Criminological Theory written by Roger Hopkins Burke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to criminological theory for students taking courses in criminology at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Building on previous editions, this book presents the latest research and theoretical developments. The text is divided into five parts, the first three of which address ideal type models of criminal behaviour: the rational actor, predestined actor and victimized actor models. Within these, the various criminological theories are located chronologically in the context of one of these different traditions, and the strengths and weaknesses of each theory and model are clearly identified. The fourth part of the book looks closely at more recent attempts to integrate theoretical elements from both within and across models of criminal behaviour, while the fifth part addresses a number of key recent concerns of criminology: postmodernism, cultural criminology, globalization and communitarianism, the penal society, southern criminology and critical criminology. All major theoretical perspectives are considered, including: classical criminology, biological and psychological positivism, labelling theories, feminist criminology, critical criminology and left realism, situation action, desistance theories, social control theories, the risk society, postmodern condition and terrorism. The new edition also features comprehensive coverage of recent developments in criminology, including ‘the myth of the crime drop’, the revitalization of critical criminology and political economy, shaming and crime, defiance theory, coerced mobility theory and new developments in social control and general strain theories. This revised and expanded fifth edition of An Introduction to Criminological Theory includes chapter summaries, critical thinking questions, policy implications, a full glossary of terms and theories and a timeline of criminological theory, making it essential reading for those studying criminology and taking courses on theoretical criminology, understanding crime, and crime and deviance
Download or read book Social Pain written by Geoff MacDonald and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2011 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Social pain is the experience of pain as a result of interpersonal rejection or loss, such as rejection from a social group, bullying, or the loss of a loved one. Research now shows that social pain results from the activation of certain components in physical pain systems. Although social, clinical, health, and developmental psychologists have each explored aspects of social pain, recent work from the neurosciences provides a coherent, unifying framework for integrative research. This edited volume provides the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary exploration of social pain. Part I examines the subject from a neuroscience perspective, outlining the evolutionary basis of social pain and tracing the genetic, neurological, and physiological underpinnings of the phenomenon. Part II explores the implications of social pain for functioning in interpersonal relationships; contributions examine the influence of painkillers on social emotions, the ability to relive past social hurts, and the relation of social pain to experiences of intimacy. Part III examines social pain from a biopsychosocial perspective in its consideration of the health implications of social pain, outlining the role of stress in social pain and the potential long-term health consequences of bullying. The book concludes with an integrative review of these diverse perspectives"--Publicity materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
