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Influence Of The Thin Filament Calcium Activation On Muscle Force Production And Rate Of Contraction In Cardiac Muscle
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Book Synopsis Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force by : Donald Bers
Download or read book Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force written by Donald Bers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-08-31 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle? What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of skeletal and smooth muscle and non-muscle cells influence our thinking about force development in the heart? Are there important species differences in how contraction is regulated in the heart? How do the new molecular data fit together in understanding the heart beat? What goes wrong in ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure? This book paints a modern `portrait' of how the heart works and in this picture the author shows a close-up of the structural, biochemical, and physiological links between excitation and contraction. The author takes the reader through a series of important, interrelated topics with great clarity and continuity and also includes many useful illustrations and tables. The book starts by considering the cellular structures involved in excitation-contraction coupling and then described the characteristics of the myofilaments as the end effector of excitation-contraction coupling. A general scheme of calcium regulation is described and the possible sources and sinks of calcium are discussed in simple, but quantitative terms. The cardiac action potential and its many underlying currents are reviewed. Then the characteristics of some key calcium transport systems (calcium channels, sodium/calcium exchange and SR calcium uptake and release) are discussed in detail. This is then built into a more integrated picture of calcium regulation in succeeding chapters by detailed discussions of excitation-calcium coupling mechanisms (in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle), the interplay between calcium regulatory processes, and finally mechanisms of cardiac inotropy, calcium overload, and dysfunction (e.g., ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure). Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force – Second Edition is an invaluable source of information for anyone who is interested in how the heart beat is controlled and especially suited for students of the cardiovascular system at all levels from medical/graduate students through senior investigators in related fields.
Book Synopsis Energetic Aspects of Muscle Contraction by : Roger C. Woledge
Download or read book Energetic Aspects of Muscle Contraction written by Roger C. Woledge and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Anaesthesia by : Colin Pinnock
Download or read book Fundamentals of Anaesthesia written by Colin Pinnock and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Fundamentals of Anaesthesia builds upon the success of the first edition, and encapsulates the modern practice of anaesthesia in a single volume. Written and edited by a team of expert contributors, it provides a comprehensive but easily readable account of all of the information required by the FRCA Primary examination candidate and has been expanded to include more detail on all topics and to include new topics now covered in the examination. As with the previous edition, presentation of information is clear and concise, with the use of lists, tables, summary boxes and line illustrations where necessary to highlight important information and aid the understanding of complex topics. Great care has been taken to ensure an unrivalled consistency of style and presentation throughout.
Book Synopsis Colonic Motility by : Sushil K. Sarna
Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Book Synopsis Anatomy & Physiology by : Lindsay Biga
Download or read book Anatomy & Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A version of the OpenStax text
Book Synopsis Muscle Biophysics by : Rassier Dilson J.E
Download or read book Muscle Biophysics written by Rassier Dilson J.E and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muscle contraction has been the focus of scientific investigation for more than two centuries, and major discoveries have changed the field over the years. Early in the twentieth century, Fenn (1924, 1923) showed that the total energy liberated during a contraction (heat + work) was increased when the muscle was allowed to shorten and perform work. The result implied that chemical reactions during contractions were load-dependent. The observation underlying the “Fenn effect” was taken to a greater extent when Hill (1938) published a pivotal study showing in details the relation between heat production and the amount of muscle shortening, providing investigators with the force-velocity relation for skeletal muscles. Subsequently, two papers paved the way for the current paradigm in the field of muscle contraction. Huxley and Niedergerke (1954), and Huxley and Hanson (1954) showed that the width of the A-bands did not change during muscle stretch or activation. Contraction, previously believed to be caused by shortening of muscle filaments, was associated with sliding of the thick and thin filaments. These studies were followed by the classic paper by Huxley (1957), in which he conceptualized for the first time the cross-bridge theory; filament sliding was driven by the cyclical interactions of myosin heads (cross-bridges) with actin. The original cross-bridge theory has been revised over the years but the basic features have remained mostly intact. It now influences studies performed with molecular motors responsible for tasks as diverse as muscle contraction, cell division and vesicle transport.
Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Book Synopsis Molecular Control Mechanisms in Striated Muscle Contraction by : R.J. Solaro
Download or read book Molecular Control Mechanisms in Striated Muscle Contraction written by R.J. Solaro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Control Mechanisms in Striated Muscle Contraction addresses the molecular mechanisms by which contraction of heart and skeletal muscles is regulated, as well as the modulation of these mechanisms by important (patho)physiological variables such as ionic composition of the myoplasm and phosphorylations of contractile and regulatory proteins. For the novice, this volume includes chapters that summarize current understanding of excitation-contraction coupling in striated muscles, as well as the compositions and structures myofibrillar thick and thin filaments. For the expert, this volume presents detailed pictures of current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the CA2+ regulation of contraction in heart and skeletal muscles and discusses important directions for future investigation.
Book Synopsis Disorders of Voluntary Muscle by : George Karpati
Download or read book Disorders of Voluntary Muscle written by George Karpati and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-12 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rewritten and redesigned, this remains the one essential text on the diseases of skeletal muscle.
Book Synopsis Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle by : Christopher L.-H. Huang
Download or read book Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle written by Christopher L.-H. Huang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Editions previous to this one had R.D. Keynes and David J. Aidley as primary and secondary authors.
Book Synopsis Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Physiology by : Robin R. Preston
Download or read book Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Physiology written by Robin R. Preston and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2018-12-26 with total page 1393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Enhanced by a new chapter, new illustrations, and new Q&As, LIppincott® Illustrated Reviews: Physiology, Second Edition brings physiology clearly into focus, telling the story of who we are; how we live; and, ultimately, how we die. By first identifying organ function and then showing how cells and tissues are designed to fulfill that function, this resource decodes physiology like no other text or review book. Tailored for ease of use and fast content absorption, the book’s outline format, visionary artwork, clinical applications, and unit review questions help students master the most essential concepts in physiology, making it perfect for classroom learning and test and boards preparation.
Book Synopsis The Physiological Basis of Starling's Law of the Heart by : Ruth Porter
Download or read book The Physiological Basis of Starling's Law of the Heart written by Ruth Porter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease by : Frank C. Mooren
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease written by Frank C. Mooren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine is intelligently structured, easy accessible and user-friendly: A-Z format, clear, concise language and uniform essay structure as well as extensive cross references between keywords and related articles enables efficient searches in a user-friendly manner both for experts and newcomers. It is intended to be a comprehensive up-to-date data base on the adaptation of the human body to exercise and on the therapeutic use of exercise with up to 2,000 keywords. It covers all aspects within the full range of modern exercise medicine of each particular scientific discipline (cancer, parasitology, aging, etc.). This includes information on methodological approaches to measuring the principle components of motor fitness, and practical aspects of their enhancement by trainings regimes as well as by nutrition and the application of drugs. Such a wide range of entries, all written by leading experts in their respective fields, will therefore address both the basic/clinical scientist as well as the practitioner. Moreover, the Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine is aimed at people in related fields, health care professionals, physiotherapists, trainers, students, informed athletes and interested laypersons. It is available both in print and as a fully searchable and hyperlinked electronic online edition.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Work Production and Work Absorption in Muscle by : Haruo Sugi
Download or read book Mechanisms of Work Production and Work Absorption in Muscle written by Haruo Sugi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `In contrast to common practice, we have always tried to include as many discussions held at the meeting in our proceedings as possible, so as to enable readers to properly evaluate each paper presented, as well as to learn of future prospects in this field of research. Although the policy of including discussions occasions a long publication delay, we believe that it is worth repeating in our future publication, as we have met a number of young investigators fascinated by the discussions in our proceedings.... In the concluding remarks in this volume, Dr. Hugh E. Huxley, a principal architect of the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction, states that the molecular mechanism of myofilament sliding remains mysterious to all of us. We hope that this volume will stimulate muscle investigators to design and perform novel experiments to clarify the mysteries in muscle contraction.' Haruo Sugi and Gerald H. Pollack, excerpted from the Preface.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction by : Jean Emile Morel
Download or read book Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction written by Jean Emile Morel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly researched using experimentation and re-examination of all previously published evidence, Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction is a carefully crafted treatise and revision of previous conceptions of muscle contraction. It presents detailed descriptions of new, previously unpublished data and hybrids recent finding
Book Synopsis Systolic and Diastolic Function of the Heart by : Neil B. Ingels
Download or read book Systolic and Diastolic Function of the Heart written by Neil B. Ingels and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 22: Crossbridge and Muscle Properties, Energetics, and Pressure-Volume Area -- Chapter 23: Constancy and Variability of Oxygen Costs of Mechanical Energy (PVA) and Contractility (Emax) -- Chapter 24: Tight Coupling between Regional Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Contractile Function -- Chapter 25: Force-Frequency Relation, Force-Interval Relation, and Mechanical Restitution -- Chapter 26: Elastance-Based Mechanical Restitution Provides Data from the Intact Heart Not Available from Any Other Technique -- Chapter 27: Contractility Indices -- Chapter 28: Searching for Indices of Contractility Is Counterproductive -- Chapter 29: Rapid Contractile Upregulation Rematches Stroke Work to Increased Afterload Independent of Ventricular Geometry, Afterload-Related Coronary Perfusion Pressure Fluctuations and Baseline Contractile State -- Chapter 30: Wall Thickening, Shears, and Cleavage Planes -- Chapter 31: Mechanisms of Large Ventricular Wall Shortening and Thickening -- Chapter 32: Twisting, Torsion, and Other Shears -- Chapter 33: Ventricular Twist and Its Relationship to Pressure Volume and Shortening -- Chapter 34: Differences in Systolic and Diastolic Torsional Deformation of the Left Ventricle -- Chapter 35: Coronary Flow, Systolic Perfusion, and the "Gregg Phenomenon -- Chapter 36: Intramyocardial Hydraulic Regulation of Cardiac Mechanics and Energetics -- Chapter 37: Left Ventricular Afterload and Arterial Coupling -- Indexes -- Author Index -- Affiliation Index -- Subject Index
