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Industrial Restructuring And Trade Reorientation In Eastern Europe
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Book Synopsis Industrial Restructuring and Trade Reorientation in Eastern Europe by : Michael A. Landesmann
Download or read book Industrial Restructuring and Trade Reorientation in Eastern Europe written by Michael A. Landesmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-04-13 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the reorientation of foreign trade and industrial restructuring in Eastern Europe.
Book Synopsis International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe by : János Gács
Download or read book International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe written by János Gács and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J anos Gaes and Georg Winekler In recognition of the key position of international trade in the transition and the need for concentrated discussions of topical trade issues the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) organized an international conference on "International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe" which took place in Laxenburg, Austria, on 19 and 21 November 1992. The Austrian National Bank joined IIASA to co-sponsor the event. Participants of the conference were experts of international economics and trade policy from East and West, policy makers, and representatives of international organizations like the IMF, the Commission of the European Communities, the OECD, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The papers prepared for the event and the lively discussions during the conference itself prove that the topics are intellectually challenging and timely for policy makers. It has widely been recognized that international economic relations play a crucial role in the transition of count ries of Central and Eastern Europe. The scope, speed, and success of the efforts to transform the formerly cen trally planned economies to market economies have increasingly become de pendent on the pattern these count ries have in their relation to the rest of the world. Transition comprises three major processes: macro-stabilization, mar ketization, and restructuring. The success of these three hinges to a large extent on the response of these economies to the new conditions set by international trade and exchange regimes.
Book Synopsis Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Reorientation of Eastern European Exports by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Reorientation of Eastern European Exports written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: September 1996 To what extent does growth in exports in Central and Eastern Europe reflect economic restructuring and changes in the composition of trade as opposed to redirection of traditional CMEA exports to the West? In the first half of the 1990s, after the demise of central planning, exports to OECD countries from many Central and Eastern European countries grew rapidly. Hoekman and Djankov explore what trade data suggest about the extent to which growth in exports reflect economic restructuring and changes in the composition of trade as opposed to redirection of traditional CMEA exports to the West. They also investigate the role of vertical intra-industry exchange in the expansion of trade with Western Europe - that is, getting inputs from European Union (EU) suppliers that are then used in the production of goods exported to the EU. They find a strong relationship between export performance and growth in vertical intra-industry trade with the EU. The Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia all rely heavily on the EU for inputs - more so than Austria, Portugal, and Spain, for example. As their per capita exports to the EU have also grown the fastest, this appears to be a characteristic of successful transition. The Czech and Slovak Republics registered the highest growth in exports and the greatest reorientation in the pattern of trade. They have the highest level and rate of growth in intra-industry trade with the EU, but have undergone the least change in composition of exports. But substantial changes have occurred in the composition of exports within traditional export categories. This suggests that Czech and Slovak firms pursued a strategy of upgrading and differentiating traditional exports, relying on EU firms for new machinery, components, and know-how. Simple redirection of goods that were traditionally exported to CMEA markets does not appear to have played an important role in the growth of exports to Western Europe. Export growth is in products that were not exported to the CMEA or in traditional export items that have been substantially upgraded or differentiated. Inflows of foreign direct investment - limited before 1994 - correlate highly with levels of intra-industry trade. But if large investments in the automobile sector are excluded, foreign direct investment seems unlikely to have been a major force driving the growth of intra-industry trade. These exchanges and the underlying integration into the world economy (Western Europe) mostly reflect arm's-length transactions between Central and Eastern European firms and their European counterparts. This paper - a product of the Private Sector and Finance Team, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Technical Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to monitor economic developments in Central and Eastern Europe.
Book Synopsis Industrial Policy and Restructuring in Eastern Europe by : Gordon Hughes
Download or read book Industrial Policy and Restructuring in Eastern Europe written by Gordon Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Market Meets Its Match by : Alice Hoffenberg Amsden
Download or read book The Market Meets Its Match written by Alice Hoffenberg Amsden and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With close attention to the history and institutional realities of the region, The Market Meets Its Match explains the failure of the simplistic market medicine administered in the first five years of transition. Merely "getting the prices right"--Lowering wages and raising interest rates and energy prices - won't improve competitiveness, the authors argue, as long as nonlabor costs such as the quality of goods, product design, outmoded technology, and inefficient distribution channels remain problems. Easing these bottlenecks requires long-term capital accumulation and profit maximization. The institutions necessary for such growth have not developed under Eastern Europe's new "pseudo-capitalism," as the authors demonstrate, and "pseudo-privatization," while distributing state property to citizens, has not provided them with the capital and technology they need to succeed.
Book Synopsis The Transition in Eastern Europe, Volume 2 by : Olivier Jean Blanchard
Download or read book The Transition in Eastern Europe, Volume 2 written by Olivier Jean Blanchard and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When communism fell in 1989, the question for most Eastern European countries was not whether to go to a market economy, but how to get there. Several years later, the difficult process of privatization and restructuring continues to concern the countries of the region. The Transition in Eastern Europe, Volumes 1 and 2 is an analysis of the experiences of various countries making the transition to market economies and examines the most important challenges still in store. Volume 1, Country Studies, gives an in-depth, country-by-country analysis of various reform experiences, including historical backgrounds and discussions of policies and results to date. The countries analyzed are Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, eastern Germany, Slovenia, and Russia. Written by leading economists, some of whom helped shape local and national reforms, this volume identifies common progress, common difficulties, and tentative solutions to the problems of economic transition. Volume 2, Restructuring, focuses on specific issues of transition, including how to design labor market institutions, privatization, new fiscal structures, and bankruptcy laws; how to reorganize foreign trade; and how to promote foreign direct investment. The articles, written by experts in the field, will be of direct help to those involved in the transition process. These volumes provide a standard reference on economic transition in the region for policymakers in Eastern Europe and in western countries, for international agencies concerned with the transition process, and for anyone interested in learning about the dramatic changes that have recently occurred in Eastern Europe.
Book Synopsis International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe by :
Download or read book International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Industrial Networks and Industrial Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe by : S. Radosevic
Download or read book International Industrial Networks and Industrial Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe written by S. Radosevic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Industrial Networks and Industrial Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe analyses the role of international industrial networks in industrial restructuring and corporate growth in central Europe, Russia and Ukraine. It shows that two distinct patterns of international industrial integration - domestic vs. foreign led modernisations - have developed in these two regions which have significant effects on patterns of growth and integration of these economies. International Industrial Networks and Industrial Restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe is based on a number of industry and firm case studies which are analysed and interpreted within the current international business and political economy literature. The publication provides valuable insights to managers and policy-makers who are interested in understanding different strategic options for business activity in Central and East European countries. For the academic reader, it offers a new perspective on international, industrial networks in which theories on strategic management and on industry restructuring and corporate growth are merged into a new view of growth and transformation process.
Book Synopsis Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe by : Ruslan Grinberg
Download or read book Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe written by Ruslan Grinberg and published by Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. This book was released on 2008 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the main results of INDEUNIS, which is an international research project coordinated by the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies and financed by the European Commission under its Sixth Framework Programme. Researchers f
Book Synopsis Enterprise Restructuring in Eastern Europe by : Bernard Hoekman
Download or read book Enterprise Restructuring in Eastern Europe written by Bernard Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Czech Republic, the Eastern European country that has pursued mass privatization most actively and credibly, has also done best in restructuring its industries and reorienting them toward world markets. Countries that pursued a gradualist approach - Hungary being the main example - have changed their export structure less but have also experienced above-average export growth.What kind of privatization program is best suited to stimulate enterprise restructuring in former centrally planned economies? One view, expressed by most Western business and political leaders, is that privatization is best pursued case by case, with emphasis on sales to new owners, including foreign investors.Another view, espoused by a minority of radical economists and economists-turned-politician, was that restructuring is best pursued through economic incentives, combined with mass privatization of state enterprises so that they become widely held (public) joint stock corporations.The ultimate test, of course, is future productivity growth and rising welfare standards. We cannot yet measure these. The disaggregated data on production and employment by industry required for such a measure either are not available or are unreliable.The only objective measure available - comparable across countries - is export performance. Trade data reveal to what extent firms have been able to reorient themselves to create and exploit competitive advantages. We now have four years of data, enough to get an idea of what is going on, and to compare one Central or Eastern European country's performance against another's.The data suggest that the Czech Republic, the country that has pursued mass privatization most actively and credibly, has also done best in restructuring its industries and reorienting them toward world markets. Those that pursued a gradualist approach - Hungary being the main example - have changed their export structure less, but export growth has also been above average.This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Regions, Technical Department - is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze progress and policy options in transition economies. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Enterprise Restructuring in Eastern Europe by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Enterprise Restructuring in Eastern Europe written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1995 The Czech Republic, the Eastern European country that has pursued mass privatization most actively and credibly, has also done best in restructuring its industries and reorienting them toward world markets. Countries that pursued a gradualist approach -- Hungary being the main example -- have changed their export structure less but have also experienced above-average export growth. What kind of privatization program is best suited to stimulate enterprise restructuring in former centrally planned economies? One view, expressed by most Western business and political leaders, is that privatization is best pursued case by case, with emphasis on sales to new owners, including foreign investors. Another view, espoused by a minority of radical economists and economists-turned-politician, was that restructuring is best pursued through economic incentives, combined with mass privatization of state enterprises so that they become widely held (public) joint stock corporations. The ultimate test, of course, is future productivity growth and rising welfare standards. We cannot yet measure these. The disaggregated data on production and employment by industry required for such a measure either are not available or are unreliable. The only objective measure available -- comparable across countries -- is export performance. Trade data reveal to what extent firms have been able to reorient themselves to create and exploit competitive advantages. We now have four years of data, enough to get an idea of what is going on, and to compare one Central or Eastern European country's performance against another's. The data suggest that the Czech Republic, the country that has pursued mass privatization most actively and credibly, has also done best in restructuring its industries and reorienting them toward world markets. Those that pursued a gradualist approach -- Hungary being the main example -- have changed their export structure less, but export growth has also been above average. This paper -- a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Regions, Technical Department -- is part of a larger effort in the region to analyze progress and policy options in transition economies. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Transition in Eastern Europe by : Herbert Wilkens
Download or read book Transition in Eastern Europe written by Herbert Wilkens and published by Duncker & Humblot. This book was released on 2016 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains a selection of papers presented at a conference discussing fundamental issues in the economics of transition, aspects of liberalization/privatization/stabilization and the experience of selected countries. The sessions lead to a number of hypotheses:- There is a need to analyze historical and economic aspects of phases of relative success of the socialist system of central planning- Next to the important role of distribution of personal incomes and wealth for the success of the transformation process, the question of "optimal change of personal income and wealth distribution" during the process of transformation has to be raised.- In assessing the costs and benefits of reform policies, any methodological approach should take into account an intertemporal perspective- How much does the EU continue protectionism against countries which will not become its members in the near future?- The role of the institutional environment shall not be neglected when analyzing the process of transition: financial markets e. g. are of great relevance for sound development.- An early status of independence for the central bank from public finance obligations appears to help to eliminate the monetary overhang.- A quick, almost instant liberalization strategy (countries of Central and Eastern Europe) seems to be more successful than gradual liberalization (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) along with interventionism of trade policy.
Book Synopsis Intra-industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and the Reorientation of Eastern European Exports by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Intra-industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and the Reorientation of Eastern European Exports written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Too Big to Fail written by Benton E. Gup and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-12-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Usually associated with large bank failures, the phrase too big to fail, which is a particular form of government bailout, actually applies to a wide range of industries, as this volume makes clear. Examples range from Chrysler to Lockheed Aircraft and from New York City to Penn Central Railroad. Generally speaking, when a corporation, an organization, or an industry sector is considered by the government to be too important to the overall health of the economy, it will not be allowed to fail. Government bailouts are not new, nor are they limited to the United States. This book presents the views of academics, practitioners, and regulators from around the world (e.g., Australia, Hungary, Japan, Europe, and Latin America) on the implications and consequences of government bailouts.
Book Synopsis Economic Growth and Structural Features of Transition by : E. Marelli
Download or read book Economic Growth and Structural Features of Transition written by E. Marelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-01-20 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines, theoretically and empirically, the key aspects and differences of economic growth. It provides a comprehensive investigation of the numerous features of development in transition countries, covering the last two decades, from the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 to the current financial crisis.
Book Synopsis The Economic Sources of Social Order Development in Post-socialist Eastern Europe by : Richard Connolly
Download or read book The Economic Sources of Social Order Development in Post-socialist Eastern Europe written by Richard Connolly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly twenty years after the collapse of socialism, the countries of post-socialist Eastern Europe have experienced divergent trajectories of political development. This book looks at why this is the case, based on the assumption that societies, or social orders, can be distinguished by the extent to which competitive tendencies contained within them – economic, political, social and cultural – are resolved according to open, rule-based processes. The book explores which economic conditions allow for increased levels of political competition, and it tests the hypothesis that the nature of a country’s ties with the international economy, and the level of competition within a country’s economic system, will shape the trajectory of political competition within that society. The book goes on to argue that after several decades of relative ‘bloc autarky’ during the socialist period, the ongoing process of reintegration with the international economy across the post-socialist region has resulted in distinct patterns of structural economic development, and that that these patterns are of crucial importance in explaining the variation in social order type across the post-socialist region. By offering a more precise analysis of the causal mechanisms that link economic and political competition, the book makes a useful contribution to research on the different patterns of political behaviour that have been observed across the post-socialist region since the collapse of the socialist regimes.
Book Synopsis The Global Political Economy and Post-1989 Change by : E. Ashworth
Download or read book The Global Political Economy and Post-1989 Change written by E. Ashworth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-08-03 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the effect of post-Soviet transitions on current problem solving trends with regards to world capitalism. The fall of Soviet communism left liberal capitalism as the dominant blueprint from which to construct economic development policies. Using Central Europe as an example it is shown that the application of the Western liberal-capitalist model has not been without its difficulties. This book endeavours to place the changes to the global political economy, since 1989, in a theoretical and historical context.
