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Inductive Reasoning
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Book Synopsis Inductive Reasoning by : Aidan Feeney
Download or read book Inductive Reasoning written by Aidan Feeney and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-03 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without inductive reasoning, we couldn't generalize from one instance to another, derive scientific hypotheses, or predict that the sun will rise again tomorrow morning. Despite the widespread nature of inductive reasoning, books on this topic are rare. Indeed, this is the first book on the psychology of inductive reasoning in twenty years. The chapters survey recent advances in the study of inductive reasoning and address questions about how it develops, the role of knowledge in induction, how best to model people's reasoning, and how induction relates to other forms of thinking. Written by experts in philosophy, developmental science, cognitive psychology, and computational modeling, the contributions here will be of interest to a general cognitive science audience as well as to those with a more specialized interest in the study of thinking.
Book Synopsis How to Figure Things Out by : Treat Preston
Download or read book How to Figure Things Out written by Treat Preston and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decisions We Make: How To Figure Things Out - Inductive Reasoning versus Deductive Reasoning is a most unusual book where the reader is taught how to figure things out using a step-by step process developed by one of the nation's leading behavioral scientist and best-selling author, Dr. Treat Preston. This book addresses such issues as the decisions we make, deadly decisions, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, reasoning skills, argumentation and debate, argumentation critical thinking in action. It leaves no stone unturned in its effort to teach its readers the value of being able to figure things out and developing a habit of proper decision making. Here is the TABLE OF CONTENTS: DISCLAIMER AND TERMS OF USE AGREEMENT:Introduction – There Are Two Sides to Every ArgumentChapter 1 - Laying A Proper FoundationChapter 2 – Inductive ReasoningChapter 3 – Deductive ReasoningChapter 4 – Intellectual versus Emotional DecisionsChapter 5 – Why We Must DecideChapter 6 – Summing It All UpI Have a Special Gift for My ReadersMeet the AuthorThe topic of “figuring things out” is not a subject taught in schools and it should be. Learning at a young age the art of reasoning and thinking is an essential tool to take from childhood into adulthood. Decision making should be based on facts and not emotion. Once all of the facts are garnered, a person is free to decide on what side of an argument they actually believe and reside but the decision should be based on fact and not emotion.
Book Synopsis Argument and Inference by : Gregory Johnson
Download or read book Argument and Inference written by Gregory Johnson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic with a focus on arguments and the rules used for making inductive inferences. This textbook offers a thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic. The book covers a range of different types of inferences with an emphasis throughout on representing them as arguments. This allows the reader to see that, although the rules and guidelines for making each type of inference differ, the purpose is always to generate a probable conclusion. After explaining the basic features of an argument and the different standards for evaluating arguments, the book covers inferences that do not require precise probabilities or the probability calculus: the induction by confirmation, inference to the best explanation, and Mill's methods. The second half of the book presents arguments that do require the probability calculus, first explaining the rules of probability, and then the proportional syllogism, inductive generalization, and Bayes' rule. Each chapter ends with practice problems and their solutions. Appendixes offer additional material on deductive logic, odds, expected value, and (very briefly) the foundations of probability. Argument and Inference can be used in critical thinking courses. It provides these courses with a coherent theme while covering the type of reasoning that is most often used in day-to-day life and in the natural, social, and medical sciences. Argument and Inference is also suitable for inductive logic and informal logic courses, as well as philosophy of sciences courses that need an introductory text on scientific and inductive methods.
Book Synopsis Abduction and Induction by : P.A. Flach
Download or read book Abduction and Induction written by P.A. Flach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the very beginning of their investigation of human reasoning, philosophers have identified two other forms of reasoning, besides deduction, which we now call abduction and induction. Deduction is now fairly well understood, but abduction and induction have eluded a similar level of understanding. The papers collected here address the relationship between abduction and induction and their possible integration. The approach is sometimes philosophical, sometimes that of pure logic, and some papers adopt the more task-oriented approach of AI. The book will command the attention of philosophers, logicians, AI researchers and computer scientists in general.
Download or read book Induction written by John H. Holland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two psychologists, a computer scientist, and a philosopher have collaborated to present a framework for understanding processes of inductive reasoning and learning in organisms and machines. Theirs is the first major effort to bring the ideas of several disciplines to bear on a subject that has been a topic of investigation since the time of Socrates. The result is an integrated account that treats problem solving and induction in terms of rule�based mental models. Induction is included in the Computational Models of Cognition and Perception Series. A Bradford Book.
Book Synopsis Reliable Reasoning by : Gilbert Harman
Download or read book Reliable Reasoning written by Gilbert Harman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implications for philosophy and cognitive science of developments in statistical learning theory. In Reliable Reasoning, Gilbert Harman and Sanjeev Kulkarni—a philosopher and an engineer—argue that philosophy and cognitive science can benefit from statistical learning theory (SLT), the theory that lies behind recent advances in machine learning. The philosophical problem of induction, for example, is in part about the reliability of inductive reasoning, where the reliability of a method is measured by its statistically expected percentage of errors—a central topic in SLT. After discussing philosophical attempts to evade the problem of induction, Harman and Kulkarni provide an admirably clear account of the basic framework of SLT and its implications for inductive reasoning. They explain the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of a set of hypotheses and distinguish two kinds of inductive reasoning. The authors discuss various topics in machine learning, including nearest-neighbor methods, neural networks, and support vector machines. Finally, they describe transductive reasoning and suggest possible new models of human reasoning suggested by developments in SLT.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set by : J. C. Barnes
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 Volume Set written by J. C. Barnes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 967 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIMINOLOGY & CRIMINAL JUSTICE The most comprehensive reference work on research designs and methods in criminology and criminal justice This Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice offers a comprehensive survey of research methodologies and statistical techniques that are popular in criminology and criminal justice systems across the globe. With contributions from leading scholars and practitioners in the field, it offers a clear insight into the techniques that are currently in use to answer the pressing questions in criminology and criminal justice. The Encyclopedia contains essential information from a diverse pool of authors about research designs grounded in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It includes information on popular datasets and leading resources of government statistics. In addition, the contributors cover a wide range of topics such as: the most current research on the link between guns and crime, rational choice theory, and the use of technology like geospatial mapping as a crime reduction tool. This invaluable reference work: Offers a comprehensive survey of international research designs, methods, and statistical techniques Includes contributions from leading figures in the field Contains data on criminology and criminal justice from Cambridge to Chicago Presents information on capital punishment, domestic violence, crime science, and much more Helps us to better understand, explain, and prevent crime Written for undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers, The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice is the first reference work of its kind to offer a comprehensive review of this important topic.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic by : Ian Hacking
Download or read book An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic written by Ian Hacking and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by a foremost philosopher of science.
Download or read book Choice and Chance written by Brian Skyrms and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Inductive Reasoning by : Anthony M. Coyne
Download or read book Introduction to Inductive Reasoning written by Anthony M. Coyne and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the basic principles of inductive logic including traditional material, such as Mill's methods, as well as more modern topics, such as statistical testing of hypotheses.
Book Synopsis An Aristotelian Account of Induction by : Louis Groarke
Download or read book An Aristotelian Account of Induction written by Louis Groarke and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2009-11-01 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In An Aristotelian Account of Induction Groarke discusses the intellectual process through which we access the "first principles" of human thought - the most basic concepts, the laws of logic, the universal claims of science and metaphysics, and the deepest moral truths. Following Aristotle and others, Groarke situates the first stirrings of human understanding in a creative capacity for discernment that precedes knowledge, even logic. Relying on a new historical study of philosophical theories of inductive reasoning from Aristotle to the twenty-first century, Groarke explains how Aristotle offers a viable solution to the so-called problem of induction, while offering new contributions to contemporary accounts of reasoning and argument and challenging the conventional wisdom about induction.
Book Synopsis Logic, Deductive and Inductive by : Carveth Read
Download or read book Logic, Deductive and Inductive written by Carveth Read and published by Franklin Classics Trade Press. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior by : Jennifer Vonk
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior written by Jennifer Vonk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This encyclopedia, representing one of the most multi-disciplinary areas of research, is a comprehensive examination of the key areas in animal cognition and behavior. It will serve as a complementary resource to the handbooks and journals that have emerged in the last decade on this topic, and will be a useful resource for student and researcher alike. With comprehensive coverage of this field, key concepts will be explored. These include social cognition, prey and predator detection, habitat selection, mating and parenting, development, genetics, physiology, memory, learning and perception. Attention is also given to animal-human co-evolution and interaction, and animal welfare. All entries are under the purview of acknowledged experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality by : Renée Elio
Download or read book Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality written by Renée Elio and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While common sense and rationality have often been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume engages with this notion and comes up with novel and often paradoxical views of this relationship.
Book Synopsis Every-day Reasoning by : George Price Hays
Download or read book Every-day Reasoning written by George Price Hays and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Real-World Reasoning: Toward Scalable, Uncertain Spatiotemporal, Contextual and Causal Inference by : Ben Goertzel
Download or read book Real-World Reasoning: Toward Scalable, Uncertain Spatiotemporal, Contextual and Causal Inference written by Ben Goertzel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general problem addressed in this book is a large and important one: how to usefully deal with huge storehouses of complex information about real-world situations. Every one of the major modes of interacting with such storehouses – querying, data mining, data analysis – is addressed by current technologies only in very limited and unsatisfactory ways. The impact of a solution to this problem would be huge and pervasive, as the domains of human pursuit to which such storehouses are acutely relevant is numerous and rapidly growing. Finally, we give a more detailed treatment of one potential solution with this class, based on our prior work with the Probabilistic Logic Networks (PLN) formalism. We show how PLN can be used to carry out realworld reasoning, by means of a number of practical examples of reasoning regarding human activities inreal-world situations.
Book Synopsis Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development by : Usha Goswami
Download or read book Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development written by Usha Goswami and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive volume provides state-of-the-art summaries of current research by leading specialists in different areas of cognitive development. Forms part of a series of four Blackwell Handbooks in Developmental Psychology spanning infancy to adulthood. Covers all the major topics in research and theory about childhood cognitive development. Synthesizes the latest research findings in an accessible manner. Includes chapters on abnormal cognitive development and theoretical perspectives, as well as basic research topics. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com
