Argument and Inference

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035251
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Argument and Inference by : Gregory Johnson

Download or read book Argument and Inference written by Gregory Johnson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic with a focus on arguments and the rules used for making inductive inferences. This textbook offers a thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic. The book covers a range of different types of inferences with an emphasis throughout on representing them as arguments. This allows the reader to see that, although the rules and guidelines for making each type of inference differ, the purpose is always to generate a probable conclusion. After explaining the basic features of an argument and the different standards for evaluating arguments, the book covers inferences that do not require precise probabilities or the probability calculus: the induction by confirmation, inference to the best explanation, and Mill's methods. The second half of the book presents arguments that do require the probability calculus, first explaining the rules of probability, and then the proportional syllogism, inductive generalization, and Bayes' rule. Each chapter ends with practice problems and their solutions. Appendixes offer additional material on deductive logic, odds, expected value, and (very briefly) the foundations of probability. Argument and Inference can be used in critical thinking courses. It provides these courses with a coherent theme while covering the type of reasoning that is most often used in day-to-day life and in the natural, social, and medical sciences. Argument and Inference is also suitable for inductive logic and informal logic courses, as well as philosophy of sciences courses that need an introductory text on scientific and inductive methods.

Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080532918
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference by : R.H. Johnson

Download or read book Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference written by R.H. Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the empirical critique. The first deals with objections to standard logics (as theories of argument and inference) arising from the research programme in philosophical logic. The second canvasses criticisms arising from work in cognitive and experimental psychology. The next five chapters deal with developments in dialogue logic, interrogative logic, informal logic, probability logic and artificial intelligence. The last chapter surveys formal approaches to practical reasoning and anticipates possible future developments. Taken as a whole the Handbook is a single-volume indication of the present state of the logic of argument and inference at its conceptual and theoretical best. Future editions will periodically incorporate significant new developments.

Inference in Argumentation

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030045684
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Inference in Argumentation by : Eddo Rigotti

Download or read book Inference in Argumentation written by Eddo Rigotti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the role of inference in argumentation, considering how arguments support standpoints on the basis of different loci. The authors propose and illustrate a model for the analysis of the standpoint-argument connection, called Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT). A prominent feature of the AMT is that it distinguishes, within each and every single argumentation, between an inferential-procedural component, on which the reasoning process is based; and a material-contextual component, which anchors the argument in the interlocutors’ cultural and factual common ground. The AMT explains how these components differ and how they are intertwined within each single argument. This model is introduced in Part II of the book, following a careful reconstruction of the enormously rich tradition of studies on inference in argumentation, from the antiquity to contemporary authors, without neglecting medieval and post-medieval contributions. The AMT is a contemporary model grounded in a dialogue with such tradition, whose crucial aspects are illuminated in this book.

Argument, Inference and Dialectic

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401707839
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Argument, Inference and Dialectic by : R.C. Pinto

Download or read book Argument, Inference and Dialectic written by R.C. Pinto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains 12 papers addressed to researchers and advanced students in informal logic and related fields, such as argumentation, formal logic, and communications. Among the issues discussed are attempts to rethink the nature of argument and of inference, the role of dialectical context, and the standards for evaluating inferences, and to shed light on the interfaces between informal logic and argumentation theory, rhetoric, formal logic and cognitive psychology.

Reason, Revelation, and Devotion

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107062403
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason, Revelation, and Devotion by : William J. Wainwright

Download or read book Reason, Revelation, and Devotion written by William J. Wainwright and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a novel defense of the beneficial epistemic effect that extra logical features can have on the assessment of religious arguments.

Best Explanations

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198746903
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Best Explanations by : Kevin McCain

Download or read book Best Explanations written by Kevin McCain and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty philosophers offer new essays examining the form of reasoning known as inference to the best explanation - widely used in science and in our everyday lives, yet still controversial. Best Explanations represents the state of the art when it comes to understanding, criticizing, and defending this form of reasoning.

Argument and Inference

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Author :
Publisher : Merrill Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780675083683
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Argument and Inference by : Charles E. Cardwell

Download or read book Argument and Inference written by Charles E. Cardwell and published by Merrill Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inference from Signs

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Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780198250944
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Inference from Signs by : James Allen

Download or read book Inference from Signs written by James Allen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original and penetrating, this book investigates of the notion of inference from signs, which played a central role in ancient philosophical and scientific method. It examines an important chapter in ancient epistemology: the debates about the nature of evidence and of the inferences based on it--or signs and sign-inferences as they were called in antiquity. As the first comprehensive treatment of this topic, it fills an important gap in the histories of science and philosophy.

Choice and Chance

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Choice and Chance by : Brian Skyrms

Download or read book Choice and Chance written by Brian Skyrms and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference

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Author :
Publisher : North-Holland
ISBN 13 : 9780444506504
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference by : Dov M. Gabbay

Download or read book Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 2002 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the empirical critique. The first deals with objections to standard logics (as theories of argument and inference) arising from the research programme in philosophical logic. The second canvasses criticisms arising from work in cognitive and experimental psychology. The next five chapters deal with developments in dialogue logic, interrogative logic, informal logic, probability logic and artificial intelligence. The last chapter surveys formal approaches to practical reasoning and anticipates possible future developments. Taken as a whole the Handbook is a single-volume indication of the present state of the logic of argument and inference at its conceptual and theoretical best. Future editions will periodically incorporate significant new developments.

Inference to the Best Explanation

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780415242035
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Inference to the Best Explanation by : Peter Lipton

Download or read book Inference to the Best Explanation written by Peter Lipton and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inference to the Best Explanation is an unrivalled exposition of a theory of particular interest to students both of epistemology and the philosophy of science.

The Design Inference

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521623871
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (216 download)

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Book Synopsis The Design Inference by : William A. Dembski

Download or read book The Design Inference written by William A. Dembski and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-13 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a reliable method for detecting intelligent causes: the design inference.The design inference uncovers intelligent causes by isolating the key trademark of intelligent causes: specified events of small probability. Design inferences can be found in a range of scientific pursuits from forensic science to research into the origins of life to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This challenging and provocative book shows how incomplete undirected causes are for science and breathes new life into classical design arguments. It will be read with particular interest by philosophers of science and religion, other philosophers concerned with epistemology and logic, probability and complexity theorists, and statisticians.

Inference and Consciousness

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351366734
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Inference and Consciousness by : Timothy Chan

Download or read book Inference and Consciousness written by Timothy Chan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inference has long been a central concern in epistemology, as an essential means by which we extend our knowledge and test our beliefs. Inference is also a key notion in influential psychological accounts of mental capacities, ranging from problem-solving to perception. Consciousness, on the other hand, has arguably been the defining interest of philosophy of mind over recent decades. Comparatively little attention, however, has been devoted to the significance of consciousness for the proper understanding of the nature and role of inference. It is commonly suggested that inference may be either conscious or unconscious. Yet how unified are these various supposed instances of inference? Does either enjoy explanatory priority in relation to the other? In what way, or ways, can an inference be conscious, or fail to be conscious, and how does this matter? This book brings together original essays from established scholars and emerging theorists that showcase how several current debates in epistemology, philosophy of psychology and philosophy of mind can benefit from more reflections on these and related questions about the significance of consciousness for inference.

Epistemic Justification and the Skeptical Challenge

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230596215
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Epistemic Justification and the Skeptical Challenge by : H. Vahid

Download or read book Epistemic Justification and the Skeptical Challenge written by H. Vahid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-08-02 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the concept of epistemic justification and our understanding of the problem of skepticism. Providing critical examination of key responses to the skeptical challenge, Hamid Vahid presents a theory which is shown to work alongside the internalism/externalism issue and the thesis of semantic externalism, with a deontological conception of justification at its core.

Lean Logic

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Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1603586482
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Lean Logic by : David Fleming

Download or read book Lean Logic written by David Fleming and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2016 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lean Logic is David Fleming's masterpiece, the product of more than thirty years' work and a testament to the creative brilliance of one of Britain's most important intellectuals. A dictionary unlike any other, it leads readers through Fleming's stimulating exploration of fields as diverse as culture, history, science, art, logic, ethics, myth, economics, and anthropology, being made up of four hundred and four engaging essay-entries covering topics such as Boredom, Community, Debt, Growth, Harmless Lunatics, Land, Lean Thinking, Nanotechnology, Play, Religion, Spirit, Trust, and Utopia. The threads running through every entry are Fleming's deft and original analysis of how our present market-based economy is destroying the very foundations--ecological, economic, and cultural-- on which it depends, and his core focus: a compelling, grounded vision for a cohesive society that might weather the consequences. A society that provides a satisfying, culturally-rich context for lives well lived, in an economy not reliant on the impossible promise of eternal economic growth. A society worth living in. Worth fighting for. Worth contributing to. The beauty of the dictionary format is that it allows Fleming to draw connections without detracting from his in-depth exploration of each topic. Each entry carries intriguing links to other entries, inviting the enchanted reader to break free of the imposed order of a conventional book, starting where she will and following the links in the order of her choosing. In combination with Fleming's refreshing writing style and good-natured humor, it also creates a book perfectly suited to dipping in and out. The decades Fleming spent honing his life's work are evident in the lightness and mastery with which Lean Logic draws on an incredible wealth of cultural and historical learning--from Whitman to Whitefield, Dickens to Daly, Kropotkin to Kafka, Keats to Kuhn, Oakeshott to Ostrom, Jung to Jensen, Machiavelli to Mumford, Mauss to Mandelbrot, Leopold to Lakatos, Polanyi to Putnam, Nietzsche to Næss, Keynes to Kumar, Scruton to Shiva, Thoreau to Toynbee, Rabelais to Rogers, Shakespeare to Schumacher, Locke to Lovelock, Homer to Homer-Dixon--in demonstrating that many of the principles it commends have a track-record of success long pre-dating our current society. Fleming acknowledges, with honesty, the challenges ahead, but rather than inducing despair, Lean Logic is rare in its ability to inspire optimism in the creativity and intelligence of humans to nurse our ecology back to health; to rediscover the importance of place and play, of reciprocity and resilience, and of community and culture. ------ Recognizing that Lean Logic's sheer size and unusual structure could be daunting, Fleming's long-time collaborator Shaun Chamberlin has also selected and edited one of the potential pathways through the dictionary to create a second, stand-alone volume, Surviving the Future: Culture, Carnival and Capital in the Aftermath of the Market Economy. The content, rare insights, and uniquely enjoyable writing style remain Fleming's, but presented at a more accessible paperback-length and in conventional read-it-front-to-back format.

Causality

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052189560X
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality by : Judea Pearl

Download or read book Causality written by Judea Pearl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...

Errors of Reasoning. Naturalizing the Logic of Inference

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781848901148
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Errors of Reasoning. Naturalizing the Logic of Inference by : John Woods

Download or read book Errors of Reasoning. Naturalizing the Logic of Inference written by John Woods and published by . This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Errors of Reasoning is the long-awaited continuation of the author's investigation of the logic of cognitive systems. The present focus is the individual human reasoner operating under the conditions and pressures of real life with capacities and resources the natural world makes available to him. The ensuing logic is thus agent-centred, goal-directed, and time-and-action oriented. It is also as psychologically real a logic as consistent with lawlike regularities of the better-developed empirical sciences of cognition. A point of departure for the book is that good reasoning is typically reasoning that does not meet the orthodox logician's requirements of either deductive validity or the sort of inductive strength sought for by the statistico-empirical sciences. A central objective here is to fashion a logic for this "third-way" reasoning. In so doing, substantial refinements are proposed for mainline treatments of nonmonotonic, defeasible, autoepistemic and default reasoning. A further departure from orthodox orientations is the eschewal of all idealizations short of those required for the descriptive adequacy of the relevant parts of empirical science. Also banned is any unearned assumption of a logic's normative authority to judge inferential behaviour as it actually occurs on the ground. The logic that emerges is therefore a naturalized logic, a proposed transformation of orthodox logics in the manner of the naturalization, more than forty years ago, of the traditional approaches to analytic epistemology. A byproduct of the transformation is the abandonment of justification as a general condition of knowledge, especially in third-way contexts. A test case for this new approach is an account of erroneous reasoning, including inferences usually judged fallacious, that outperforms its rivals in theoretical depth and empirical sensitivity. Errors of Reasoning is required reading in all research communities that seek a realistic understanding of human inference: Logic, formal and informal, AI and the other branches of cognitive science, argumentation theory, and theories of legal reasoning. Indeed the book is a standing challenge to all normatively idealized theories of assessable human performance. John Woods is Director of The Abductive Systems Group at the University of British Columbia, and was formerly the Charles S. Peirce Professor of Logic in the Group on Logic and Computation in the Department of Computer Science, King's College London. He is author of Paradox and Paraconsistency (2003) and with Dov Gabbay, of Agenda Relevance (2003) and The Reach of Abduction (2005). His pathbreaking The Logic of Fiction appeared in 1974, with a second edition by College Publications, 2009.