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Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Income Inequality, Welfare, and Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nanak C. Kakwani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780733410147
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Income Inequality, Welfare and Poverty in Ukraine written by Nanak C. Kakwani and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Income Inequality, Welfare, and Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard of living in Ukraine increased significantly in the 1980s, and income inequality declined. But in 1991-92 income inequality and poverty increased again, partly because government benefits went more to richer families than to those in need.Ukraine is now faced with economic crisis on an unprecedented scale. The government has to follow rigorous demand management policies, which entail lowering the population's standard of living. To design policies that protect the poorest and most vulnerable groups in the society, it is important to understand the nature of poverty and income inequality.Kakwani addresses the following questions: What is the extent of income inequality and is it increasing? How can observed changes in inequality be explained? Is the burden of income tax evenly distributed across the population?The Ukrainian data base is far from satisfactory, so Kakwani's findings are only tentative. Among them:- The standard of living increased significantly in the late 1980s, then fell in the 1990s. Real per capita family income grew by an average 7 percent in 1989-90, then fell about 24 percent in 1991-92. Per capita income for families dependent on government transfers fell by more than one-half.- Income inequality declined in the 1980s, to rise again in 1991-92. In particular, the family incomes of state and collective farm workers - relative to industrial workers - improved between 1980 and 1991. The increase in inequality that occurred in 1991-92 came about, among other reasons, because government benefits tended to be redistributed to richer families, not those in need.Poverty in Ukraine declined over the period 1980-91, from 38 percent of the population to 9 percent. But in 1992, 30 percent of the population was poor again, an alarming increase attributable both to a decline in real per capita income and an increase in income inequality. Still, income inequality was lower in Ukraine than in most other former republics of the Soviet Union.This paper - a product of the Transition Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a research project on income distribution and poverty during transition.
Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Income Inequity, Welfare and Poverty in Ukraine written by Nanak Kakwani and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Branko Milanovi?
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821339947
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (399 download)
Download or read book Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Author : Alastair McAuley
Publisher : Madison : University of Wisconsin Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Economic Welfare in the Soviet Union written by Alastair McAuley and published by Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on income distribution, standard of living and other trends regarding economic disparity in the USSR - discusses measurement and evaluation of poverty and wealth, and considers public expenditure with respect to welfare, aspects of wage determination and wage policy in a planned economy, regional disparities in incomes, inequality and social stratification, etc. Bibliography pp. 373 to 382, glossary, graphs and statistical tables.
Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Inequality, Welfare and Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264044191
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Growing Unequal? Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-21 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across OECD countries, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media.
Author : Jonathan Haughton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821376144
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Handbook on Poverty + Inequality written by Jonathan Haughton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For anyone wanting to learn, in practical terms, how to measure, describe, monitor, evaluate, and analyze poverty, this Handbook is the place to start. It is designed to be accessible to people with a university-level background in science or the social sciences. It is an invaluable tool for policy analysts, researchers, college students, and government officials working on policy issues related to poverty and inequality.
Author : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451849842
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty? written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-05-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper demonstrates that high and rising corruption increases income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth, the progressivity of the tax system, the level and effectiveness of social spending, and the formation of human capital, and by perpetuating an unequal distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education. These findings hold for countries with different growth experiences, at different stages of development, and using various indices of corruption. An important implication of these results is that policies that reduce corruption will also lower income inequality and poverty.
Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198852843
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Economic Inequality and Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues concerning economic inequality and poverty have become increasingly central to public debate over the past fifty years. The literature on measuring economic inequality and poverty has vastly expanded, developing many new methods, but also has generated many controversies. Economic Inequality and Poverty provides a systematic treatment of the development of inequality and poverty, focusing on how income inequality and poverty measurements have evolved in recent decades, and shows how to resolve some of the methodological and factual conflicts that have arisen. The book's primary focus is on the analysis of the relationships between individuals' or households' distributions of economic variables. These relationships are crucial in understanding many economic phenomena. Kakwani and Son employ household surveys to illustrate the application of their framework, showing how it can help in drawing evidence-based policy conclusions.
Author : Stephen Lovell
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199238480
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)
Download or read book The Soviet Union: A Very Short Introduction written by Stephen Lovell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2009-07-23 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a fresh approach to the study of the Soviet Union, this Very Short Introduction blends political history with an investigation into Soviet society and culture from 1917 to 1991. Stephen Lovell examines aspects of patriotism, political violence, poverty, and ideology, and provides answers to some of the big questions about the Soviet experience. Throughout, the book takes a refreshing thematic approach to the Soviet Union and provides an up-to-date consideration of the Soviet Union's impact and what we have learnt since its end.
Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464809798
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, the report will address the following questions: • What is the latest evidence on the levels and evolution of extreme poverty and shared prosperity? • Which countries and regions have been more successful in terms of progress toward the twin goals and which are lagging behind? • What does the global context of lower economic growth mean for achieving the twin goals? • How can inequality reduction contribute to achieving the twin goals? • What does the evidence show concerning global and between- and within-country inequality trends? • Which interventions and countries have used the most innovative approaches to achieving the twin goals through reductions in inequality? The report will make four main contributions. First, it will present the most recent numbers on poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality. Second, it will stress the importance of inequality reduction in ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity by 2030 in a context of weaker growth. Third, it will highlight the diversity of within-country inequality reduction experiences and will synthesize experiences of successful countries and policies, addressing the roots of inequality without compromising economic growth. In doing so, the report will shatter some myths and sharpen our knowledge of what works in reducing inequalities. Finally, it will also advocate for the need to expand and improve data collection—for example, data availability, comparability, and quality—and rigorous evidence on inequality impacts in order to deliver high-quality poverty and shared prosperity monitoring.
Author : Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484326091
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Commodity Cycles, Inequality, and Poverty in Latin America written by Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-04-26 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades, inequality has risen not just in advanced economies but also in many emerging market and developing economies, becoming one of the key global policy challenges. And throughout the 20th century, Latin America was associated with some of the world’s highest levels of inequality. Yet something interesting happened in the first decade and a half of the 21st century. Latin America was the only region in the World to have experienced significant declines in inequality in that period. Poverty also fell in Latin America, although this was replicated in other regions, and Latin America started from a relatively low base. Starting around 2014, however, and even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, poverty and inequality gains had already slowed in Latin America and, in some cases, gone into reverse. And the COVID-19 shock, which is still playing out, is likely to dramatically worsen short-term poverty and inequality dynamics. Against this background, this departmental paper investigates the link between commodity prices, and poverty and inequality developments in Latin America.
Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513572660
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey written by Ms. Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Author : K. Subbarao
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction written by K. Subbarao and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
Author : Jonathan D. Ostry
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231527616
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Confronting Inequality written by Jonathan D. Ostry and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality has drastically increased in many countries around the globe over the past three decades. The widening gap between the very rich and everyone else is often portrayed as an unexpected outcome or as the tradeoff we must accept to achieve economic growth. In this book, three International Monetary Fund economists show that this increase in inequality has in fact been a political choice—and explain what policies we should choose instead to achieve a more inclusive economy. Jonathan D. Ostry, Prakash Loungani, and Andrew Berg demonstrate that the extent of inequality depends on the policies governments choose—such as whether to let capital move unhindered across national boundaries, how much austerity to impose, and how much to deregulate markets. While these policies do often confer growth benefits, they have also been responsible for much of the increase in inequality. The book also shows that inequality leads to weaker economic performance and proposes alternative policies capable of delivering more inclusive growth. In addition to improving access to health care and quality education, they call for redistribution from the rich to the poor and present evidence showing that redistribution does not hurt growth. Accessible to scholars across disciplines as well as to students and policy makers, Confronting Inequality is a rigorous and empirically rich book that is crucial for a time when many fear a new Gilded Age.
