Immune To Brain Communication Driven By Sterile Lung Injury

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Immune-to-brain Communication Driven by Sterile Lung Injury

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Author : David Gregory Litvin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

Book Synopsis Immune-to-brain Communication Driven by Sterile Lung Injury by : David Gregory Litvin

Download or read book Immune-to-brain Communication Driven by Sterile Lung Injury written by David Gregory Litvin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peripheral organ injuries serve as potent stimuli for the immune system, triggering local inflammatory activation that can become increasingly amplified as the injury progresses, this in turn can lead to a severe systemic immune activation, which wreaks havoc over physiologic function. This is exemplified by lung injury, which can induce failure of multiple organ systems, or cause profound disruptions to brain function. When lung injury occurs in perinatal settings it may induce developmental impairments that last into adulthood. Here, using an experimental model of lung injury I investigated the mechanisms responsible for altering brainstem control of cardiorespiratory function in neonatal and adult rats. In neonatal rats, I determined that when lung injury is induced just before a transition period for the neural control of breathing (spanning P11-15), it promotes: i) an increase to the number of apnea directly preceded by a sigh, and ii) depression of viscerosensory synaptic transmission to 2nd-order neurons located in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS). This depression occurs through a postsynaptic mechanism that increases the contribution of Ca2+-impermeable (CI) AMPA receptors, and is mediated by the immune response to lung injury; minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia/macrophage activation, prevented the lung injury dependent increase in post-sigh apnea and the CI-AMPAR mediated synaptic depression. In rat-pups that were injured just after the transition period, viscerosensory synaptic transmission was also depressed, but occurred in a CI-AMPAR independent manner that contrastingly was presynaptically mediated. Thus, discrete mechanisms are responsible for these synaptic changes.In adult rats, where lung injury also increased the frequency of post-sigh apnea, I determined a novel immune-to-brain communication (I¿Bc) pathway utilized by the injury, which involves the glial-barrier separating the area postrema (a circumventricular organ) from the immune-privileged nTS. Transmission of this immune response occurred via increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and its downstream transcriptional target Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) within radial-glia projecting basolaterally into the nTS. Both the post-sigh apnea and the radial-glial IL-1ß increase could be prevented by continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of the COX inhibitor Indomethacin, indicating as others have that COX may also act upstream on the mechanisms that govern its transcription. Together this demonstrates that the immune response to lung injury exerts changes to brainstem physiology that can be observed at the level of the synapse and centrally mediated respiratory function.

Molecular Biology of The Cell

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Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Brain Neurotrauma

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Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466565993
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

Book Synopsis Brain Neurotrauma by : Firas H. Kobeissy

Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

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Author : King K. Holmes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

What You Need to Know about Infectious Disease

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Author : Madeline Drexler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

Book Synopsis What You Need to Know about Infectious Disease by : Madeline Drexler

Download or read book What You Need to Know about Infectious Disease written by Madeline Drexler and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Adverse Effects of Vaccines

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Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214351
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

Book Synopsis Adverse Effects of Vaccines by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Adverse Effects of Vaccines written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.

Gnotobiotics

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Author : Trenton R Schoeb
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128045833
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

Book Synopsis Gnotobiotics by : Trenton R Schoeb

Download or read book Gnotobiotics written by Trenton R Schoeb and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gnotobiotics summarizes and analyzes the research conducted on the use of gnotobiotes, providing detailed information regarding actual facility operation and derivation of gnotobiotic animals. In response to the development of new tools for microbiota and microbiome analysis, the increasing recognition of the various roles of microbiota in health and disease, and the consequent expanding demand for gnotobiotic animals for microbiota/microbiome related research, this volume collates the research of this expanding field into one definitive resource. Reviews and defines gnotobiotic animal species Analyzes microbiota in numerous contexts Presents detailed coverage of the protocols and operation of a gnotobiotic facility

The Orbitofrontal Cortex

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Author : Edmund Rolls
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198845995
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

Book Synopsis The Orbitofrontal Cortex by : Edmund Rolls

Download or read book The Orbitofrontal Cortex written by Edmund Rolls and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Orbitofrontal Cortex' explores a part of the brain that is important in human emotion, pleasure, decision-making, valuation, and personality. The book is unique in providing a coherent multidisciplinary approach to understanding the functions of one of the most interesting regions of the human brain, in both health and in disease.

Neurotrauma

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Author : Raj K. Narayan
Publisher : McGraw-Hill
ISBN 13 : 9780070456624
Total Pages : 1558 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (566 download)

Book Synopsis Neurotrauma by : Raj K. Narayan

Download or read book Neurotrauma written by Raj K. Narayan and published by McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference is a comprehensive work in the field of neurotrauma and critical care. It incorporates the fields of head injury, spinal injury and basic neurotrauma research into one source. The major emphasis is on the treatment of patients with head and spinal cord injury, including the management of all other problems that bear upon the care of these patients.

Pericyte Biology in Different Organs

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Author : Alexander Birbrair
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030110931
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

Book Synopsis Pericyte Biology in Different Organs by : Alexander Birbrair

Download or read book Pericyte Biology in Different Organs written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is an attempt to describe the most recent developments in the area of pericyte biology which is one of the emergent hot topics in the field of molecular and cellular biology today. Here, we present a selected collection of thirteen detailed chapters on what we know so far about pericytes in distinct organs in physiological and pathological conditions. Further, it provides an update on the most novel functions attributed to these cells and will introduce a newer generation of researchers and scientists to the importance of these cells, ranging from their discovery in different organs through current state-of-the-science. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cells and vascular research. This volume explores pericytes' physiologic roles in different tissues, ranging from the pancreas, lungs and liver through skeletal muscle, gut, retina and more. Together with its companion volumes Pericyte Biology in Disease and Pericyte Biology – Novel Concepts, Pericyte Biology in Different Organs presents a comprehensive update on the latest information and most novel functions attributed to pericytes. To those researchers newer to this area, it will be useful to have the background information on these cells' unique history. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cells and researchers or clinicians involved with specific organs.

Handbook on Immunosenescence

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Author : Tamas Fulop
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402090633
Total Pages : 1693 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

Book Synopsis Handbook on Immunosenescence by : Tamas Fulop

Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

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Author : Sahra Kırmusaoğlu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 178984472X
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

Book Synopsis Staphylococcus and Streptococcus by : Sahra Kırmusaoğlu

Download or read book Staphylococcus and Streptococcus written by Sahra Kırmusaoğlu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. have not only got pathogenic isolates, but also non-pathogenic isolates. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. that are Gram positive cocci are the main pathogens in several infections. Virulence factors such as usual and unusual surface proteins encoded by resistance genes are the main causes of pathogenesis. Multidrug-resistant pathogens that are the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide have the ability to synthesize a number of destructive enzymes encoded by resistance genes such as ?-lactamases. Resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A, and Group B Streptococcus have emerged throughout the world. To eliminate these resistant pathogens that cause untreatable, acute, and chronic infections, different new antimicrobials must be developed and used. The goal of this book is to provide the latest information about the above topics.

The Lung Microbiome

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Author : Michael J. Cox
Publisher : European Respiratory Society
ISBN 13 : 1849841020
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

Book Synopsis The Lung Microbiome by : Michael J. Cox

Download or read book The Lung Microbiome written by Michael J. Cox and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the lung microbiome requires a specialist approach to sampling, laboratory techniques and statistical analysis. This Monograph introduces the techniques used and discusses how respiratory sampling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics and the application of ecological theory can be used to examine the respiratory microbiome. It examines the different components of the respiratory microbiome: viruses and fungi in addition to the more frequently studied bacteria. It also considers a range of contexts from the paediatric microbiome and how this develops to disease of all ages including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic suppurative lung diseases, interstitial lung diseases, acquired pneumonias, transplantation, cancer and HIV, and the interaction of the respiratory microbiome and the environment.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

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Author : Ashutosh Tiwari
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118773683
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

Book Synopsis Advanced Healthcare Materials by : Ashutosh Tiwari

Download or read book Advanced Healthcare Materials written by Ashutosh Tiwari and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials for healthcare technology and applications Advanced healthcare materials are attracting strong interest in fundamental as well as applied medical science and technology. This book summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of advanced materials for functional therapeutics, point-of-care diagnostics, translational materials, and up-and-coming bioengineering devices. Advanced Healthcare Materials highlights the key features that enable the design of stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles, novel biomaterials, and nano/micro devices for either diagnosis or therapy, or both, called theranostics. It also presents the latest advancements in healthcare materials and medical technology. The senior researchers from global knowledge centers have written topics including: State-of-the-art of biomaterials for human health Micro- and nanoparticles and their application in biosensors The role of immunoassays Stimuli-responsive smart nanoparticles Diagnosis and treatment of cancer Advanced materials for biomedical application and drug delivery Nanoparticles for diagnosis and/or treatment of Alzheimers disease Hierarchical modelling of elastic behavior of human dental tissue Biodegradable porous hydrogels Hydrogels in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound care Modified natural zeolites Supramolecular hydrogels based on cyclodextrin poly(pseudo)rotaxane Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based biomaterials Biomimetic molecularly imprinted polymers

The CMS Hospital Conditions of Participation and Interpretive Guidelines

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781683086857
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (868 download)

Book Synopsis The CMS Hospital Conditions of Participation and Interpretive Guidelines by :

Download or read book The CMS Hospital Conditions of Participation and Interpretive Guidelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to reprinting the PDF of the CMS CoPs and Interpretive Guidelines, we include key Survey and Certification memos that CMS has issued to announced changes to the emergency preparedness final rule, fire and smoke door annual testing requirements, survey team composition and investigation of complaints, infection control screenings, and legionella risk reduction.

Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System

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Author : Karen L. Roos
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0444520155
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

Book Synopsis Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System by : Karen L. Roos

Download or read book Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System written by Karen L. Roos and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System aims to provide information useful to physicians taking care of patients with bacterial infections in the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to morbidity and mortality. The increased number of patients suffering from this infection has led to the development of vaccines and antibiotics. Comprised of four chapters, the book explains the general approach to patients with bacterial CNS infection. It also discusses various CNS infection concepts and terms. These include the characteristic neuroimaging appearance of specific bacterial infections, the limitations of neuroimaging, the cerebrospinal fluid analysis, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial CNS infections, the developments of specific adjunctive strategies, and the principles of antimicrobial therapy. It also includes discussions on various diseases that target the CNS, such as meningitis, focal CNS infections, neurological complications of endocarditis, suppurative venous sinus thrombosis, infections in the neurosurgical patient, and CNS diseases caused by selected infectious agents and toxins. This book will serve as a guide for clinical physicians who have patients suffering from bacterial CNS infection.

Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: