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Author : Bruno Langbehn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Imaging the Shapes and Dynamics of Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets written by Bruno Langbehn and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alkwin Slenczka
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303094896X
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets written by Alkwin Slenczka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book covers recent advances in experiments using the ultra-cold, very weakly perturbing superfluid environment provided by helium nanodroplets for high resolution spectroscopic, structural and dynamic studies of molecules and synthetic clusters. The recent infra-red, UV-Vis studies of radicals, molecules, clusters, ions and biomolecules, as well as laser dynamical and laser orientational studies, are reviewed. The Coulomb explosion studies of the uniquely quantum structures of small helium clusters, X-ray imaging of large droplets and electron diffraction of embedded molecules are also described. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis and detection of new species by mass spectrometry and deposition electron microscopy.
Author : Aaron LaForge
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Diffraction Imaging of Light Induced Dynamics in Xenon-doped Helium Nanodroplets written by Aaron LaForge and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: We explore the light induced dynamics in superfluid helium nanodroplets with wide-angle scattering in a pump-probe measurement scheme. The droplets are doped with xenon atoms to facilitate the ignition of a nanoplasma through irradiation with near-infrared laser pulses. After a variable time delay of up to 800 ps, we image the subsequent dynamics using intense extreme ultraviolet pulses from the FERMI free-electron laser. The recorded scattering images exhibit complex intensity fluctuations that are categorized based on their characteristic features. Systematic simulations of wide-angle diffraction patterns are performed, which can qualitatively explain the observed features by employing model shapes with both randomly distributed as well as structured, symmetric distortions. This points to a connection between the dynamics and the positions of the dopants in the droplets. In particular, the structured fluctuations might be governed by an underlying array of quantized vortices in the superfluid droplet as has been observed in previous small-angle diffraction experiments. Our results provide a basis for further investigations of dopant-droplet interactions and associated heating mechanisms
Author : Camila Bacellar C Silveira
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast dynamics in helium nanodroplets probed by XUV spectroscopy and x-ray imaging written by Camila Bacellar C Silveira and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helium nanodroplets are the smallest known objects exhibiting superfluidity, and they provide a unique cryogenic matrix for high-resolution spectroscopy and ultracold chemistry applications. The relatively simple electronic structure of helium atoms and the homogeneity of the quantum fluid clusters make them excellent model systems for the study of electronic structures and dynamics in complex systems and the emergence of collective phenomena. Coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics in laser-excited helium nanodroplets are studied in the time-domain in two distinctly different excitation regimes following either single XUV-photon excitation or strong-field ionization by a near-infrared (NIR) laser pulse. Femtosecond time- resolved XUV photoelectron spectroscopy and femtosecond time-resolved X-ray coherent diffractive imaging are employed to monitor electronic relaxation dynamics in neutral droplets and the emergence and evolution of a nanoplasma in strong-field ionized droplets, respectively. Electronically excited pure and doped He droplets are prepared using femtosecond XUV pump pulses produced by high-order harmonic generation. The excited states and subsequent relaxation dynamics are probed by ionization of transient species with a femtosecond UV probe- pulse. Pump-probe time delay-dependent photoelectron kinetic energy distributions are measured using velocity map imaging. In pure droplets excited with 23.7 eV, three dynamic pathways are identified: interband relaxation from the initially excited 1s3p,1s4p manifold to the 1s2p band, further relaxation within the 1s2p Rydberg band and rapid atomic reconfiguration involving formation of Rydberg-excited (Hen)* cores within the droplet. Ongoing efforts towards understanding energy- and charge-transfer mechanisms between the host droplets and dopant atoms are discussed. New high-harmonic generation schemes were implemented in order to directly access the lower 1s2p droplet resonances. Droplets doped with a small amounts of Kr and Ne atoms (ndopant/ndroplet
Author : Kasra Amini
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1837671141
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (376 download)
Download or read book Structural Dynamics with X-ray and Electron Scattering written by Kasra Amini and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Grigori Volovik
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814513989
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Exotic Properties Of Superfluid Helium 3 written by Grigori Volovik and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992-03-31 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the unique properties of superfluid phases of 3He, the condensed matter with the outmost broken symmetry, which combine in a surprising way the properties of ordered magnets, liquid crystals and superfluids. The complicated vacuum state of these phases with a large number of fermionic and bosonic quasiparticles and topological objects remains the vacuum in modern quantum field theories. Some of the objects and physical phenomena in 3He have strong analogy with the neutrino, W-bosons, weak interactions, gravity, chiral anomaly, Quantum Hall Effect and fractional statistics. As an example of topological objects, the quantized vortices in 3He phases are discussed in detail, including singular and continuous vortices, half-quantum vortices, broken symmetry in the vortex core and phase transitions between the vortex states with different symmetry and topology.
Author : Julian Claudius Zimmermann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Probing Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Helium Nanodroplets with Deep Learning Assisted Diffraction Imaging written by Julian Claudius Zimmermann and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Miquel Blancafort Jorquera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Theoretical Reaction and Relaxation Dynamics in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets written by Miquel Blancafort Jorquera and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of superfluid helium has been carried out mainly by physicists. In recent years, taking advantage of the potentialities presented by superfluid helium nanodroplets (HeNDs) as inert matrices at very low temperatures (0.37 K), the chemical community became involved in its application to high-resolution spectroscopy. More recently (early 2000s), this community began to be involved in research using HeNDs to investigate chemical reactivity in this quantum solvent. As for the theoretical studies on the dynamics of physicochemical processes in HeNDs, they have been possible about five years ago and the number of theoretical dynamics studies, despite their interest, is very scarce. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of the research in this area.To introduce the reader into the topic, Chapter 1 is divided into four sections: the first one describes the properties of helium, the second one considers the history of the discovery and research carried out on the superfluidity phenomenon, the third one outlines the properties of superfluid helium nanodroplets, and the last one gives an overview of the applications and fields of study implying HeNDs.The theoretical and numerical methods used to describe superfluid liquid helium are detailed in Chapter 2. In the first section attention has been paid on the density functional theory (DFT) and its time dependent extension for real-time simulations (TDDFT). The second section describes the main density functionals used and the third section is aimed to present the numerical methods employed to perform the TDDFT calculations.The following four chapters contain the original studies carried out in this thesis. The investigation of the capture process of a Ne atom by a HeND can be found in Chapter 3. Here, the atom is treated using classical mechanics and the influence of energy and angular momentum is examined for a wide set of initial conditions. The microscopic mechanism, energy and angular momentum exchanges and vortex formation have been extensively analysed. The present contribution corresponds to the first systematic analysis of the influence of angular momentum in the capture process and vortex formation.Chapter 4 represents a natural evolution from Chapter 3 and describes the formation of a neon dimer or neon adduct inside a superfluid helium nanodroplet, treating both atoms classically. Analogously as in the previous chapter, angular momentum has also been taken into consideration and the mechanism, energy an angular momentum exchanges and vortex formation are analysed. These two chapters complement and extend two previous investigations of our group where the Ne atoms were treated using standard quantum mechanics at zero angular momentum. The contents of Chapter 4 correspond to the second theoretical investigation on bimolecular reaction dynamics in HeNDs.The following two chapters use a full quantum hybrid approach to explore rotational and vibrational energy relaxation dynamics. Chapter 5 corresponds to the first theoretical study reported so far on the rotational energy relaxation dynamics of molecules in HeNDs. This process has been studied using several isotopes of the H2 molecule (fast rotors) and considering a set of initial excitations and nanodroplet sizes.The last investigation (Chapter 6) is centred on the study of the vibrational energy relaxation in HeNDs. Thus, the influence of the energy gap between the vibrational levels, molecule-helium interaction energy and nanodroplet size on the vibrational relaxation dynamics has been analysed, taking as a reference the I2@(4He)100 doped nanodroplet which was recently studied in our group. To the best of our knowledge it is the first time that the influence of these key factors has been examined.Finally, in Chapters 7 and 8 the main conclusions and a summary in Catalan are presented.
Author : Zhiming M. Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461494729
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Nanodroplets written by Zhiming M. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanodroplets, the basis of complex and advanced nanostructures such as quantum rings, quantum dots and quantum dot clusters for future electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices, have attracted the interdisciplinary interest of chemists, physicists and engineers. This book combines experimental and theoretical analyses of nanosized droplets which reveal many attractive properties. Coverage includes nanodroplet synthesis, structure, unique behaviors and their nanofabrication, including chapters on focused ion beam, atomic force microscopy, molecular beam epitaxy and the "vapor-liquid- solid" route. Particular emphasis is given to the behavior of metallic nanodroplets, water nanodroplets and nanodroplets in polymer and metamaterial nanocomposites. The contributions of leading scientists and their research groups will provide readers with deeper insight into the chemical and physical mechanisms, properties, and potential applications of various nanodroplets.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics in Helium Nanodroplets Probed by Femtosecond Time-resolved EUV Photoelectron Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of electronically excited helium nanodroplets are studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. EUV excitation into a broad absorption band centered around 23.8 eV leads to an indirect photoemission process that generates ultraslow photoelectrons. A 1.58 eV probe pulse transiently depletes the indirect photoemission signal for pump-probe time delays
Author : Roger Noel Hastings
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Models for the Dynamics of Superfluid Helium-4 written by Roger Noel Hastings and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722186920
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (869 download)
Download or read book Dynamics of Superfluid Helium in Low-Gravity written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the work performed under a contract entitled 'Dynamics of Superfluid Helium in Low Gravity'. This project performed verification tests, over a wide range of accelerations of two Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes of which one incorporates the two-fluid model of superfluid helium (SFHe). Helium was first liquefied in 1908 and not until the 1930s were the properties of helium below 2.2 K observed sufficiently to realize that it did not obey the ordinary physical laws of physics as applied to ordinary liquids. The term superfluidity became associated with these unique observations. The low temperature of SFHe and it's temperature unifonrmity have made it a significant cryogenic coolant for use in space applications in astronomical observations with infrared sensors and in low temperature physics. Superfluid helium has been used in instruments such as the Shuttle Infrared Astronomy Telescope (IRT), the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS), the Cosmic Background Observatory (COBE), and the Infrared Satellite Observatory (ISO). It is also used in the Space Infrared Telescope (SIRTF), Relativity Mission Satellite formally called Gravity Probe-B (GP-B), and the Test of the Equivalence Principle (STEP) presently under development. For GP-B and STEP, the use of SFHE is used to cool Superconducting Quantum Interference Detectors (SQUIDS) among other parts of the instruments. The Superfluid Helium On-Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) experiment flown in the Shuttle studied the behavior of SFHE. This experiment attempted to get low-gravity slosh data, however, the main emphasis was to study the low-gravity transfer of SFHE from tank to tank. These instruments carried tanks of SFHE of a few hundred liters to 2500 liters. The capability of modeling the behavior of SFHE is important to spacecraft control engineers who must design systems that can overcome disturbances created by the movement of the fluid. In addition instruments such as GP-B and STEP are very sensi...
Author : Graham G. Ross
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (387 download)
Download or read book Dynamics of Superfluid Helium in Low Gravity written by Graham G. Ross and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Graham Oliver Ross
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Dynamics of Superfluid Helium in Low Gravity (helium) written by Graham Oliver Ross and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Janne Karimäki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789514297380
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (973 download)
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Vortices in Superfluid Helium-3 written by Janne Karimäki and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tim Salditt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030344134
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (664 download)
Download or read book Dynamics Of Superfluid Helium In Low-Gravity Final Report... NASA-CR-204755... Sep. 22, 1997 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1998* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
