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Imaging And Velocity Analysis By Target Oriented Wavefield Inversion
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Book Synopsis Imaging and Velocity Analysis by Target-oriented Wavefield Inversion by : Yaxun Tang
Download or read book Imaging and Velocity Analysis by Target-oriented Wavefield Inversion written by Yaxun Tang and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops a novel target-oriented inversion framework that uses wavefields as carriers of information to image both low-wavenumber component (a.k.a. background velocity) and high-wavenumber component (a.k.a. reflectivity) of the earth model in complex geological settings, such as subsalt regions. I address the problem of reflectivity imaging with target-oriented wavefield least-squares migration, and the problem of velocity estimation with target-oriented wavefield tomography. Reflectivity images of the subsurface are commonly produced by prestack depth migration. When the overburden is complex and the reflectors are unevenly or insufficiently illuminated, the migration operator alone is inadequate to provide an optimal image. I tackle the problem of distorted illumination in reflectivity imaging by wavefield least-squares migration. I formulate least-squares migration in the image domain and solve it in a target-oriented fashion. In the image-domain formulation, explicit computation of the Hessian operator (the resolution function that measures the illumination deficiency of the imaging system) is the most important and challenging step. I develop a novel method based on phase encoding to efficiently and accurately compute the target-oriented Hessian operator. The Hessian operator is then used to recover the reflectivity by iterative inverse filtering. I regularize the inversion with dip constraints, which naturally incorporate interpreted geological information into the inversion. Accurate imaging of the reflectivity also requires an accurate background velocity model. High-quality velocity model-building in complex geology requires wavefield-based velocity analysis to properly model band-limited wave phenomena. However, the high cost and lack of flexibility of target-oriented model-building prevent this method from being widely used in practice. I overcome the cost and flexibility issues of wavefield-based migration velocity analysis by developing target-oriented wavefield tomography. Target-oriented wavefield tomography is achieved by synthesizing a new data set specifically for velocity analysis. The new data set is generated based on an initial unfocused target image and by a novel application of generalized Born wavefield modeling, which correctly preserves velocity kinematics by modeling both zero and non-zero subsurface-offset-domain images. The new data set can be synthesized for a chosen target region with velocity inaccuracies. The reduced data size and computation domain, therefore, greatly improve the efficiency and flexibility of wavefield tomography, allowing fast and interpretation-driven interactive wavefield-based velocity analysis, where different geological scenarios or hypotheses can be tested in quasi-real time. The proposed target-oriented inversion framework successfully estimates subsalt velocities and recovers subsalt reflectivities from distorted illumination from 2-D synthetic and 3-D field data.
Book Synopsis Imaging and Velocity Analysis by Target-oriented Wavefield Inversion by : Yaxun Tang
Download or read book Imaging and Velocity Analysis by Target-oriented Wavefield Inversion written by Yaxun Tang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops a novel target-oriented inversion framework that uses wavefields as carriers of information to image both low-wavenumber component (a.k.a. background velocity) and high-wavenumber component (a.k.a. reflectivity) of the earth model in complex geological settings, such as subsalt regions. I address the problem of reflectivity imaging with target-oriented wavefield least-squares migration, and the problem of velocity estimation with target-oriented wavefield tomography. Reflectivity images of the subsurface are commonly produced by prestack depth migration. When the overburden is complex and the reflectors are unevenly or insufficiently illuminated, the migration operator alone is inadequate to provide an optimal image. I tackle the problem of distorted illumination in reflectivity imaging by wavefield least-squares migration. I formulate least-squares migration in the image domain and solve it in a target-oriented fashion. In the image-domain formulation, explicit computation of the Hessian operator (the resolution function that measures the illumination deficiency of the imaging system) is the most important and challenging step. I develop a novel method based on phase encoding to efficiently and accurately compute the target-oriented Hessian operator. The Hessian operator is then used to recover the reflectivity by iterative inverse filtering. I regularize the inversion with dip constraints, which naturally incorporate interpreted geological information into the inversion. Accurate imaging of the reflectivity also requires an accurate background velocity model. High-quality velocity model-building in complex geology requires wavefield-based velocity analysis to properly model band-limited wave phenomena. However, the high cost and lack of flexibility of target-oriented model-building prevent this method from being widely used in practice. I overcome the cost and flexibility issues of wavefield-based migration velocity analysis by developing target-oriented wavefield tomography. Target-oriented wavefield tomography is achieved by synthesizing a new data set specifically for velocity analysis. The new data set is generated based on an initial unfocused target image and by a novel application of generalized Born wavefield modeling, which correctly preserves velocity kinematics by modeling both zero and non-zero subsurface-offset-domain images. The new data set can be synthesized for a chosen target region with velocity inaccuracies. The reduced data size and computation domain, therefore, greatly improve the efficiency and flexibility of wavefield tomography, allowing fast and interpretation-driven interactive wavefield-based velocity analysis, where different geological scenarios or hypotheses can be tested in quasi-real time. The proposed target-oriented inversion framework successfully estimates subsalt velocities and recovers subsalt reflectivities from distorted illumination from 2-D synthetic and 3-D field data.
Book Synopsis Migration-Velocity Analysis using Image-Space Generalized Wavefields by :
Download or read book Migration-Velocity Analysis using Image-Space Generalized Wavefields written by and published by Stanford University. This book was released on with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Imaging and Inversion: Volume 1 by : Robert H. Stolt
Download or read book Seismic Imaging and Inversion: Volume 1 written by Robert H. Stolt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracting information from seismic data requires knowledge of seismic wave propagation and reflection. The commonly used method involves solving linearly for a reflectivity at every point within the Earth, but this book follows an alternative approach which invokes inverse scattering theory. By developing the theory of seismic imaging from basic principles, the authors relate the different models of seismic propagation, reflection and imaging - thus providing links to reflectivity-based imaging on the one hand and to nonlinear seismic inversion on the other. The comprehensive and physically complete linear imaging foundation developed presents new results at the leading edge of seismic processing for target location and identification. This book serves as a fundamental guide to seismic imaging principles and algorithms and their foundation in inverse scattering theory, and is a valuable resource for working geoscientists, scientific programmers and theoretical physicists.
Book Synopsis Seismic Inversion by : Gerard T. Schuster
Download or read book Seismic Inversion written by Gerard T. Schuster and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2017-07-01 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the theory and practice of inverting seismic data for the subsurface rock properties of the earth. The primary application is for inverting reflection and/or transmission data from engineering or exploration surveys, but the methods described also can be used for earthquake studies. Seismic Inversion will be of benefit to scientists and advanced students in engineering, earth sciences, and physics. It is desirable that the reader has some familiarity with certain aspects of numerical computation, such as finite-difference solutions to partial differential equations, numerical linear algebra, and the basic physics of wave propagation. For those not familiar with the terminology and methods of seismic exploration, a brief introduction is provided. To truly understand the nuances of seismic inversion, we have to actively practice what we preach (or teach). Therefore, computational labs are provided for most of the chapters, and some field data labs are given as well.
Book Synopsis Full Seismic Waveform Modelling and Inversion by : Andreas Fichtner
Download or read book Full Seismic Waveform Modelling and Inversion written by Andreas Fichtner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent progress in numerical methods and computer science allows us today to simulate the propagation of seismic waves through realistically heterogeneous Earth models with unprecedented accuracy. Full waveform tomography is a tomographic technique that takes advantage of numerical solutions of the elastic wave equation. The accuracy of the numerical solutions and the exploitation of complete waveform information result in tomographic images that are both more realistic and better resolved. This book develops and describes state of the art methodologies covering all aspects of full waveform tomography including methods for the numerical solution of the elastic wave equation, the adjoint method, the design of objective functionals and optimisation schemes. It provides a variety of case studies on all scales from local to global based on a large number of examples involving real data. It is a comprehensive reference on full waveform tomography for advanced students, researchers and professionals.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Petroleum Seismology, second edition by : Luc T. Ikelle
Download or read book Introduction to Petroleum Seismology, second edition written by Luc T. Ikelle and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2018-03-26 with total page 1403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Petroleum Seismology, second edition (SEG Investigations in Geophysics Series No. 12) provides the theoretical and practical foundation for tackling present and future challenges of petroleum seismology especially those related to seismic survey designs, seismic data acquisition, seismic and EM modeling, seismic imaging, microseismicity, and reservoir characterization and monitoring. All of the chapters from the first edition have been improved and/or expanded. In addition, twelve new chapters have been added. These new chapters expand topics which were only alluded to in the first edition: sparsity representation, sparsity and nonlinear optimization, near-simultaneous multiple-shooting acquisition and processing, nonuniform wavefield sampling, automated modeling, elastic-electromagnetic mathematical equivalences, and microseismicity in the context of hydraulic fracturing. Another major modification in this edition is that each chapter contains analytical problems as well as computational problems. These problems include MatLab codes, which may help readers improve their understanding of and intuition about these materials. The comprehensiveness of this book makes it a suitable text for undergraduate and graduate courses that target geophysicists and engineers as well as a guide and reference work for researchers and professionals in academia and in the petroleum industry.
Book Synopsis Seismic Diffraction by : Tijmen Jan Moser
Download or read book Seismic Diffraction written by Tijmen Jan Moser and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of diffraction imaging to complement the seismic reflection method is rapidly gaining momentum in the oil and gas industry. As the industry moves toward exploiting smaller and more complex conventional reservoirs and extensive new unconventional resource plays, the application of the seismic diffraction method to image sub-wavelength features such as small-scale faults, fractures and stratigraphic pinchouts is expected to increase dramatically over the next few years. “Seismic Diffraction” covers seismic diffraction theory, modeling, observation, and imaging. Papers and discussion include an overview of seismic diffractions, including classic papers which introduced the potential of diffraction phenomena in seismic processing; papers on the forward modeling of seismic diffractions, with an emphasis on the theoretical principles; papers which describe techniques for diffraction mathematical modeling as well as laboratory experiments for the physical modeling of diffractions; key papers dealing with the observation of seismic diffractions, in near-surface-, reservoir-, as well as crustal studies; and key papers on diffraction imaging.
Book Synopsis 3D Seismic Imaging by : Biondo Biondi
Download or read book 3D Seismic Imaging written by Biondo Biondi and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM includes PDF slides for teaching the material in the book and the C3-narrow-azimuth classic data set.
Download or read book Geophysics Today written by Sergey Fomel and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2010 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a collection of papers which appear in the September-October 2010 Geophysics special section, written by recognised experts in various areas of exploration geophysics, plus an additional group of papers drawn from Geophysics which address areas beyond those invited articles. The result is a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in the field.
Book Synopsis 3C Seismic and VSP: Converted waves and vector wavefield applications by : James Gaiser
Download or read book 3C Seismic and VSP: Converted waves and vector wavefield applications written by James Gaiser and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3C seismic applications provide enhanced rock property characterization of the reservoir that can complement P-wave methods. Continued interest in converted P- to S-waves (PS-waves) and vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) has resulted in the steady development of advanced vector wavefield techniques. PS-wave images along with VSP data can be used to help P-wave interpretation of structure in gas obscured zones, of elastic and fluid properties for lithology discrimination from S-wave impedance and density inversion in unconventional reservoirs, and of fracture characterization and stress monitoring from S-wave birefringence (splitting) analysis. The book, which accompanies the 2016 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, presents an overview of 3C seismic theory and practical application: from fundamentals of PS-waves and VSPs, through to acquisition and processing including interpretation techniques. The emphasis is on unique aspects of vector wavefields, anisotropy, and the important relationships that unify S-waves and P-waves. Various applications and case studies demonstrate image benefits from PS-waves, elastic properties and fluid discrimination from joint inversion of amplitude variations with offset/angle (AVO/A), and VSP methods for anisotropic velocity model building and improved reservoir imaging. The book will be of interest to geophysicists, geologists, and engineers, especially those involved with or considering the use of AVO/A inversion, fracture/stress characterization analyses, or interpretation in gas-obscured reservoirs.
Book Synopsis Imaging Under Rugged Topography and Complex Velocity Structure by : Dimitri Bevc
Download or read book Imaging Under Rugged Topography and Complex Velocity Structure written by Dimitri Bevc and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coalbed Methane in China by : Yan Song
Download or read book Coalbed Methane in China written by Yan Song and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coalbed methane (CBM) reserve in China ranks third in the world with a total resource of 36.8×1012 m3. Exploitation of CBM has an important practical significance to ensure the long-term rapid development of China natural gas industry. Therefore, in 2002, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China set up a national 973 program to study CBM system and resolve problems of CBM exploration and exploitation in China. All the main research results and new insights from the program are presented in this book. The book is divided into 11 chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the present situation of CBM exploration and development in China and abroad. Chapters 2 through 9 illustrate the geological theory and prospect evaluation methods. Then chapters 10 and 11 discuss CBM recovery mechanisms and technology. The book systematically describes the origin, storage, accumulation and emission of CBM in China, and also proposes new methods and technologies on resource evaluation, prospect prediction, seismic interpretation and enhanced recovery. The book will appeal to geologists, lecturers and students who are involved in the CBM industry and connected with coal and conventional hydrocarbon resources research.
Book Synopsis Reverse Time Imaging in Solid Earth and Exploration Geophysics by : Hua-Wei Zhou
Download or read book Reverse Time Imaging in Solid Earth and Exploration Geophysics written by Hua-Wei Zhou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-11 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sequential Seismic Inversion Using Plane-wave Synthesis by : Jun Ji
Download or read book Sequential Seismic Inversion Using Plane-wave Synthesis written by Jun Ji and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tau-p: a plane wave approach to the analysis of seismic data by : P.L Stoffa
Download or read book Tau-p: a plane wave approach to the analysis of seismic data written by P.L Stoffa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In exploration seismology, data are acquired at multiple source and receiver posi tions along a profile line. These data are subsequently processed and interpreted. The primary result of this process is a subsurface image of the exploration target. As part of this procedure, additional information is also obtained about the subsurface material properties, e.g., seismic velocities. The methods that are employed in the acquisition and processing of exploration seismic data are internally consistent. That is, principally near vertical incidence seismic waves are generated, recorded and subsequently imaged. The data processing methods commonly used are based upon a small angle of incidence approximation, thus making the imaging problem tractable for existing data processing technology. Although tremendously successful, the limitations of this method are generally recognized. Current and future exploration goals will likely require the use of additional seismic waves, i.e., both compressional and shear precritical and postcritical reflections and refractions. Also, in addition to making better use of seismic travel times, recent efforts to directly incorporate seismic amplitude variations show that the approach may lead to a better understanding of subsurface rock properties. In response to more demanding exploration goals, recent data acquisition techniques have improved significantly by increasing the spatial aperture and incorporating a large number of closely spaced receivers. The need for better subsurface resolution in depth and position has encouraged the use of 240, 512, and even 1024 recorded data channels with receiver separations of 5 to 25 m.
