“I Have Always Loved the Holy Tongue”

Download “I Have Always Loved the Holy Tongue” PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674048407
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis “I Have Always Loved the Holy Tongue” by : Anthony Grafton

Download or read book “I Have Always Loved the Holy Tongue” written by Anthony Grafton and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusing high scholarship with high drama, Anthony Grafton and Joanna Weinberg uncover a secret and extraordinary aspect of a legendary Renaissance scholar’s already celebrated achievement. The French Protestant Isaac Casaubon (1559–1614) is known to us through his pedantic namesake in George Eliot’s Middlemarch. But in this book, the real Casaubon emerges as a genuine literary hero, an intrepid explorer in the world of books. With a flair for storytelling reminiscent of Umberto Eco, Grafton and Weinberg follow Casaubon as he unearths the lost continent of Hebrew learning—and adds this ancient lore to the well-known Renaissance revival of Latin and Greek. The mystery begins with Mark Pattison’s nineteenth-century biography of Casaubon. Here we encounter the Protestant Casaubon embroiled in intellectual quarrels with the Italian and Catholic orator Cesare Baronio. Setting out to understand the nature of this imbroglio, Grafton and Weinberg discover Casaubon’s knowledge of Hebrew. Close reading and sedulous inquiry were Casaubon’s tools in recapturing the lost learning of the ancients—and these are the tools that serve Grafton and Weinberg as they pore through pre-1600 books in Hebrew, and through Casaubon’s own manuscript notebooks. Their search takes them from Oxford to Cambridge, from Dublin to Cambridge, Massachusetts, as they reveal how the scholar discovered the learning of the Hebrews—and at what cost.

“I have always loved the Holy Tongue”

Download “I have always loved the Holy Tongue” PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674058496
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis “I have always loved the Holy Tongue” by : Anthony Grafton

Download or read book “I have always loved the Holy Tongue” written by Anthony Grafton and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “[An] extraordinary book.” —New Republic Fusing high scholarship with high drama, Anthony Grafton and Joanna Weinberg uncover a secret and extraordinary aspect of a legendary Renaissance scholar’s already celebrated achievement. The French Protestant Isaac Casaubon (1559–1614) is known to us through his pedantic namesake in George Eliot’s Middlemarch. But in this book, the real Casaubon emerges as a genuine literary hero, an intrepid explorer in the world of books. With a flair for storytelling reminiscent of Umberto Eco, Grafton and Weinberg follow Casaubon as he unearths the lost continent of Hebrew learning—and adds this ancient lore to the well-known Renaissance revival of Latin and Greek. The mystery begins with Mark Pattison’s nineteenth-century biography of Casaubon. Here we encounter the Protestant Casaubon embroiled in intellectual quarrels with the Italian and Catholic orator Cesare Baronio. Setting out to understand the nature of this imbroglio, Grafton and Weinberg discover Casaubon’s knowledge of Hebrew. Close reading and sedulous inquiry were Casaubon’s tools in recapturing the lost learning of the ancients—and these are the tools that serve Grafton and Weinberg as they pore through pre-1600 books in Hebrew, and through Casaubon’s own manuscript notebooks. Their search takes them from Oxford to Cambridge, from Dublin to Cambridge, Massachusetts, as they reveal how the scholar discovered the learning of the Hebrews—and at what cost.

Amsterdam's People of the Book

Download Amsterdam's People of the Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hebrew Union College Press
ISBN 13 : 0878201890
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (782 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Amsterdam's People of the Book by : Benjamin E. Fisher

Download or read book Amsterdam's People of the Book written by Benjamin E. Fisher and published by Hebrew Union College Press. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spanish and Portuguese Jews of seventeenth-century Amsterdam cultivated a remarkable culture centered on the Bible. School children studied the Bible systematically, while rabbinic literature was pushed to levels reached by few students; adults met in confraternities to study Scripture; and families listened to Scripture-based sermons in synagogue, and to help pass the long, cold winter nights of northwest Europe. The community's rabbis produced creative, and often unprecedented scholarship on the Jewish Bible as well as the New Testament. Amsterdam's People of the Book shows that this unique, Bible-centered culture resulted from the confluence of the Jewish community's Catholic and converso past with the Protestant world in which they came to live. Studying Amsterdam's Jews offers an early window into the prioritization of the Bible over rabbinic literature -- a trend that continues through modernity in western Europe. It allows us to see how Amsterdam's rabbis experimented with new historical methods for understanding the Bible, and how they grappled with doubts about the authority and truth of the Bible that were growing in the world around them. Amsterdam's People of the Book allows us to appreciate how Benedict Spinoza's ideas were in fact shaped by the approaches to reading the Bible in the community where he was born, raised, and educated. After all, as Spinoza himself remarked, before becoming Amsterdam's most famous heretic and one of Europe's leading philosophers and biblical critics, he was "steeped in the common beliefs about the Bible from childhood on."

Worlds Made by Words

Download Worlds Made by Words PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674032576
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Worlds Made by Words by : Anthony Grafton

Download or read book Worlds Made by Words written by Anthony Grafton and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italian cinemas after the war were filled by audiences who had come to watch domestically-produced films of passion and pathos. These highly emotional and consciously theatrical melodramas posed moral questions with stylish flair, redefining popular ways of feeling about romance, family, gender, class, Catholicism, Italy, and feeling itself. The Operatic and the Everyday in Postwar Italian Film Melodrama argues for the centrality of melodrama to Italian culture. It uncovers a wealth of films rarely discussed before including family melodramas, the crime stories of neorealismo popolare and opera films, and provides interpretive frameworks that position them in wider debates on aesthetics and society. The book also considers the well-established topics of realism and arthouse auteurism, and re-thinks film history by investigating the presence of melodrama in neorealism and post-war modernism. It places film within its broader cultural context to trace the connections of canonical melodramatists like Visconti and Matarazzo to traditions of opera, the musical theatre of the sceneggiata, visual arts, and magazines. In so doing it seeks to capture the artistry and emotional experiences found within a truly popular form.

Labourers in the Vineyard of the Lord

Download Labourers in the Vineyard of the Lord PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004359052
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Labourers in the Vineyard of the Lord by : Mordechai Feingold

Download or read book Labourers in the Vineyard of the Lord written by Mordechai Feingold and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The centrality of the King James Bible to early modern culture has been widely recognized. Yet for all the vast literature devoted to the masterpiece, little attention has been paid either to the scholarly scaffolding of the translation or to the erudition of the translators. The present volume seeks to redress this neglect by focusing attention on seven key translators as well as on their intellectual milieu. Utilizing a wide range of hitherto unknown or overlooked sources, the volume furnishes not only precious new information regarding the composition and early reception of the King James Bible, but firmly situates the labours of the translators within the broad context of early modern biblical and oriental scholarship and polemics. Contributors are James P. Carley, Mordechai Feingold, Anthony Grafton, Nicholas J. S. Hardy, Alison Knight, Jeffrey Alan Miller, William Poole, Thomas Roebuck, and Joanna Weinberg.

Christianity and the Transformation of the Book

Download Christianity and the Transformation of the Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674037863
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Christianity and the Transformation of the Book by : Anthony Grafton

Download or read book Christianity and the Transformation of the Book written by Anthony Grafton and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When early Christians began to study the Bible, and to write their own history and that of the Jews whom they claimed to supersede, they used scholarly methods invented by the librarians and literary critics of Hellenistic Alexandria. But Origen and Eusebius, two scholars of late Roman Caesarea, did far more. Both produced new kinds of books, in which parallel columns made possible critical comparisons previously unenvisioned, whether between biblical texts or between national histories. Eusebius went even farther, creating new research tools, new forms of history and polemic, and a new kind of library to support both research and book production. Christianity and the Transformation of the Book combines broad-gauged synthesis and close textual analysis to reconstruct the kinds of books and the ways of organizing scholarly inquiry and collaboration among the Christians of Caesarea, on the coast of Roman Palestine. The book explores the dialectical relationship between intellectual history and the history of the book, even as it expands our understanding of early Christian scholarship. Christianity and the Transformation of the Book attends to the social, religious, intellectual, and institutional contexts within which Origen and Eusebius worked, as well as the details of their scholarly practices--practices that, the authors argue, continued to define major sectors of Christian learning for almost two millennia and are, in many ways, still with us today.,

Jewish Books and their Readers

Download Jewish Books and their Readers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004318151
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jewish Books and their Readers by : Scott Mandelbrote

Download or read book Jewish Books and their Readers written by Scott Mandelbrote and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jewish Books and their Readers discusses the transformative effect of the circulation and readership of sacred and secular texts written by Jews on Christian as well as Jewish readers in early modern Europe. Its twelve essays challenge traditional paradigms of Christian Hebraism and undermine simplistic visions of the unchanging nature of Jewish cultural life.They ask what constituted a ‘Jewish’ book: how it was presented, disseminated, and understood within both Jewish and Christian environments (and how its meanings were contested), and what effect such understanding had on contemporary views of Jews and their intellectual heritage. They demonstrate how the involvement of Christians in the production and dissemination of Jewish books played a role in the shaping of the intellectual life of Jews and Christians. Contributors are: Michela Andreatta, Andrew Berns, Theodor Dunkelgrün, Federica Francesconi, Anthony Grafton Alessandro Guetta, William Horbury, Yosef Kaplan, Scott Mandelbrote, Piet van Boxel, Joanna Weinberg Benjamin Williams.

Humanistica Lovaniensia

Download Humanistica Lovaniensia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Universitaire Pers Leuven
ISBN 13 : 9058679292
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (586 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Humanistica Lovaniensia by : Dirk Sacré

Download or read book Humanistica Lovaniensia written by Dirk Sacré and published by Universitaire Pers Leuven. This book was released on 2012-12-17 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As well as presenting articles on Neo-Latin topics, the annual journal Humanistica Lovaniensia is a major source for critical editions of Neo-Latin texts with translations and commentaries. Please visit www.lup.be for the full table of contents.

Hebrew between Jews and Christians

Download Hebrew between Jews and Christians PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311033982X
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hebrew between Jews and Christians by : Daniel Stein Kokin

Download or read book Hebrew between Jews and Christians written by Daniel Stein Kokin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-12-19 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though typically associated more with Judaism than Christianity, the status and sacrality of Hebrew has nonetheless been engaged by both religious cultures in often strikingly similar ways. The language has furthermore played an important, if vexed, role in relations between the two. Hebrew between Jews and Christians closely examines this frequently overlooked aspect of Judaism and Christianity's common heritage and mutual competition.

A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish

Download A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804782822
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish by : Aya Elyada

Download or read book A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish written by Aya Elyada and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the unique phenomenon of Christian engagement with Yiddish language and literature from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century. By exploring the motivations for Christian interest in Yiddish, and the differing ways in which Yiddish was discussed and treated in Christian texts, A Goy Who Speaks Yiddish addresses a wide array of issues, most notably Christian Hebraism, Protestant theology, early modern Yiddish culture, and the social and cultural history of language in early modern Europe. Elyada's analysis of a wide range of philological and theological works, as well as textbooks, dictionaries, ethnographical writings, and translations, demonstrates that Christian Yiddishism had implications beyond its purely linguistic and philological dimensions. Indeed, Christian texts on Yiddish reveal not only the ways in which Christians perceived and defined Jews and Judaism, but also, in a contrasting vein, how they viewed their own language, religion, and culture.

Feeling Pleasures

Download Feeling Pleasures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191022039
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Feeling Pleasures by : Joe Moshenska

Download or read book Feeling Pleasures written by Joe Moshenska and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sense of touch had a deeply uncertain status in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It had long been seen as the most certain and reliable of the senses, and also as biologically necessary: each of the other senses could be relinquished, but to lose touch was to lose life itself. Alternatively, touch was seen as dangerously bodily, and too fully involved in sensual and sexual pleasures, to be of true worth. Feeling Pleasures argues that this tension came to the fore during the English Renaissance, and allowed some of the central debates of this period—surrounding the nature of human experience, of the material world, and of the relationship between the human and the divine—to proceed through discussions of touch. It also argues that the unstable status of touch was of particular import to the poetry of this period. By bringing touch to the fore in a period usually associated with the dominance of vision and optics, Joe Moshenska offers reconsiderations of major English poets, especially Edmund Spenser and John Milton, while exploring a range of spheres in which touch assumed new significance. These include theological debates surrounding relics and the Eucharist in the work of Erasmus, Thomas Cranmer and Lancelot Andrewes; the philosophical history of tickling; the touching of paintings and sculptures in a European context; faith healing and experimental science; and the early reception of Chinese medicine in England.

Neo-Latin Commentaries and the Management of Knowledge in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period (1400-1700)

Download Neo-Latin Commentaries and the Management of Knowledge in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period (1400-1700) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9058679365
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (586 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neo-Latin Commentaries and the Management of Knowledge in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period (1400-1700) by : Karl A. E. Enenkel

Download or read book Neo-Latin Commentaries and the Management of Knowledge in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period (1400-1700) written by Karl A. E. Enenkel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on the various ways in which classical authors and the Bible were commented on by neo-Latin writers between 1400 and 1700.

Blood Libel

Download Blood Libel PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674240936
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Blood Libel by : Magda Teter

Download or read book Blood Libel written by Magda Teter and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark history of the antisemitic blood libel myth—how it took root in Europe, spread with the invention of the printing press, and persists today. Accusations that Jews ritually killed Christian children emerged in the mid-twelfth century, following the death of twelve-year-old William of Norwich, England, in 1144. Later, continental Europeans added a destructive twist: Jews murdered Christian children to use their blood. While charges that Jews poisoned wells and desecrated the communion host waned over the years, the blood libel survived. Initially blood libel stories were confined to monastic chronicles and local lore. But the development of the printing press in the mid-fifteenth century expanded the audience and crystallized the vocabulary, images, and “facts” of the blood libel, providing a lasting template for hate. Tales of Jews killing Christians—notably Simon of Trent, a toddler whose body was found under a Jewish house in 1475—were widely disseminated using the new technology. Following the paper trail across Europe, from England to Italy to Poland, Magda Teter shows how the blood libel was internalized and how Jews and Christians dealt with the repercussions. The pattern established in early modern Europe still plays out today. In 2014 the Anti-Defamation League appealed to Facebook to take down a page titled “Jewish Ritual Murder.” The following year white supremacists gathered in England to honor Little Hugh of Lincoln as a sacrificial victim of the Jews. Based on sources in eight countries and ten languages, Blood Libel captures the long shadow of a pernicious myth.

Inky Fingers

Download Inky Fingers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067423717X
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inky Fingers by : Anthony Grafton

Download or read book Inky Fingers written by Anthony Grafton and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author of The Footnote reflects on scribes, scholars, and the work of publishing during the golden age of the book. From Francis Bacon to Barack Obama, thinkers and political leaders have denounced humanists as obsessively bookish and allergic to labor. In this celebration of bookmaking in all its messy and intricate detail, renowned historian Anthony Grafton invites us to see the scholars of early modern Europe as diligent workers. Meticulously illuminating the physical and mental labors that fostered the golden age of the book—the compiling of notebooks, copying and correction of texts and proofs, preparation of copy—he shows us how the exertions of scholars shaped influential books, treatises, and forgeries. Inky Fingers ranges widely, tracing the transformation of humanistic approaches to texts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and examining the simultaneously sustaining and constraining effects of theological polemics on sixteenth-century scholars. Grafton draws new connections between humanistic traditions and intellectual innovations, textual learning and craft knowledge, manuscript and print. Above all, Grafton makes clear that the nitty-gritty of bookmaking has had a profound impact on the history of ideas—that the life of the mind depends on the work of the hands.

Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe

Download Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hebrew Union College Press
ISBN 13 : 0822980363
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe by : Richard I. Cohen

Download or read book Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe written by Richard I. Cohen and published by Hebrew Union College Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David B. Ruderman's groundbreaking studies of Jewish intellectuals as they engaged with Renaissance humanism, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment have set the agenda for a distinctive historiographical approach to Jewish culture in early modern Europe, from 1500 to 1800. From his initial studies of Italy to his later work on eighteenth-century English, German, and Polish Jews, Ruderman has emphasized the individual as a representative or exemplary figure through whose life and career the problems of a period and cultural context are revealed. Thirty-one leading scholars celebrate Ruderman's stellar career in essays that bring new insight into Jewish culture as it is intertwined in Jewish, European, Ottoman, and American history. The volume presents probing historical snapshots that advance, refine, and challenge how we understand the early modern period and spark further inquiry. Key elements explored include those inspired by Ruderman's own work: the role of print, the significance of networks and mobility among Jewish intellectuals, the value of extraordinary individuals who absorbed and translated so-called external traditions into a Jewish idiom, and the interaction between cultures through texts and personal encounters of Jewish and Christian intellectuals. While these elements can be found in earlier periods of Jewish history, Ruderman and his colleagues point to an intensification of mobility, the dissemination of knowledge, and the blurring of boundaries in the early modern period. These studies present a rich and nuanced portrait of a Jewish culture that is both a contributing member and a product of early modern Europe and the Ottoman Empire. As director of the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, Ruderman has fostered a community of scholars from Europe, North America, and Israel who work in the widest range of areas that touch on Jewish culture. He has worked to make Jewish studies an essential element of mainstream humanities. The essays in this volume are a testament to the haven he has fostered for scholars, which has and continues to generate important works of scholarship across the entire spectrum of Jewish history.

The Footnote

Download The Footnote PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674307605
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Footnote by : Anthony Grafton

Download or read book The Footnote written by Anthony Grafton and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this engrossing account, footnotes to history give way to footnotes as history, recounting in their subtle way the curious story of the progress of knowledge in written form.

Criticism and Confession

Download Criticism and Confession PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191025194
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Criticism and Confession by : Nicholas Hardy

Download or read book Criticism and Confession written by Nicholas Hardy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period between the late Renaissance and the early Enlightenment has long been regarded as the zenith of the 'republic of letters', a pan-European community of like-minded scholars and intellectuals who fostered critical approaches to the study of the Bible and other ancient texts, while renouncing the brutal religio-political disputes that were tearing their continent apart at the same time. Criticism and Confession offers an unprecedentedly comprehensive challenge to this account. Throughout this period, all forms of biblical scholarship were intended to contribute to theological debates, rather than defusing or transcending them, and meaningful collaboration between scholars of different confessions was an exception, rather than the norm. 'Neutrality' was a fiction that obscured the ways in which scholarship served the interests of ecclesiastical and political institutions. Scholarly practices varied from one confessional context to another, and the progress of 'criticism' was never straightforward. The study demonstrates this by placing scholarly works in dialogue with works of dogmatic theology, and comparing examples from multiple confessional and national contexts. It offers major revisionist treatments of canonical figures in the history of scholarship, such as Joseph Scaliger, Isaac Casaubon, John Selden, Hugo Grotius, and Louis Cappel, based on unstudied archival as well as printed sources; and it places those figures alongside their more marginal, overlooked counterparts. It also contextualizes scholarly correspondence and other forms of intellectual exchange by considering them alongside the records of political and ecclesiastical bodies. Throughout, the study combines the methods of the history of scholarship with techniques drawn from other fields, including literary, political, and religious history. As well as presenting a new history of seventeenth-century biblical criticism, it also critiques modern scholarly assumptions about the relationships between erudition, humanistic culture, political activism, and religious identity.