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Author : Merrill F. Elias
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Hypertension and Cognitive Processes written by Merrill F. Elias and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172195
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
Author : Antonio Coca
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783031649271
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (492 download)
Download or read book Hypertension and Brain Damage written by Antonio Coca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-10-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this book explores different aspects of the relationship between hypertension and brain damage, providing readers with up-to-date information that will be of interest to clinicians and researchers alike. In recent years, numerous studies have been published that have added new evidence on different aspects of the disease. New recommendations and the latest hypertension guidelines on stroke and dementia will be described in this edition, which will include not only updated content but also new chapters on aspects that have recently emerged in relation to hypertension and brain damage. After an introductory chapter on the epidemiology and burden of neurological disease induced by hypertension, the significance of various comorbidities that represent risk factors for brain damage in the context of hypertension is discussed. The effects of hypertension on small and large cerebral arteries and the consequences on brain damage are then examined in detail. Similarly, the association between hypertension and ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and haemorrhagic stroke is explored in depth, and the evidence and guidelines for reducing hypertension during the acute phase of each form of stroke are summarised. Both primary and secondary prevention of stroke are addressed, with the results of major studies presented. The reader will also find interesting new perspectives on the role of different imaging techniques, including CT and functional MRI, in detecting and diagnosing brain damage in patients with hypertension. The concluding chapters examine the relationship between hypertension and cognitive decline and dementia associated with hypertension, its pathophysiology, the detection of cognitive impairment in daily practice, and its prevention and treatment.
Author : Raquel Graham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (958 download)
Download or read book The Role of Physical Activity in Preventing Cognitive Decline in Individuals with Hypertension and Diabetes written by Raquel Graham and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While some cognitive decline is part of the normal aging process, certain changes have been linked to physical health or lifestyle-related diseases and may be preventable. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes are two conditions that have been associated with a heightened risk of accelerated cognitive decline. In terms of protective factors, physical activity can positively impact a broad range of cognitive processes including memory, attention, and executive function and may also protect against or delay cognitive decline and dementia. The present study examined the extent to which physical activity moderates the impacts of hypertension and diabetes (and their interactions) on different cognitive functions. Data are from the Memory and Aging Project (MAP), a longitudinal study of older adults (N = 1400, mean age = 79). A series of multilevel models evaluated baseline differences and linear and quadratic change on four cognitive measures: mental status, perceptual speed, and immediate and delayed episodic memory. Higher levels of self-reported physical activity were associated with better perceptual speed at baseline, and significantly less linear decline across all four measures. Physical activity was not significantly associated with curvilinear change. Individuals with diabetes had significantly worse immediate episodic memory performance at baseline, but diabetes was largely unrelated to rate of change and initial performance on the other measures. Hypertension was associated with better initial mental status (linear and quadratic models) and delayed episodic memory (quadratic model). Contrary to expectations, most interactions between physical activity and the two health conditions were non-significant. However, physical activity appeared to moderate the relationship between comorbid diabetes and hypertension on immediate episodic memory, such that individuals with the two conditions who were more physically active experienced a reduced rate of linear and curvilinear decline compared to inactive individuals with diabetes and hypertension. The findings from this study suggest that physical activity may reduce the impact of comorbid conditions on certain cognitive functions, and that immediate episodic memory may be particularly susceptible.
Author : Antonio Coca
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031649281
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Hypertension and Brain Damage written by Antonio Coca and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309459591
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309368650
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Author : Leonardo Pantoni
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107031664
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Cerebral Small Vessel Disease written by Leonardo Pantoni and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.
Author : Jack C. De La Torre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Cerebrovascular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease written by Jack C. De La Torre and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease is examined from the less-usual vantage point of the dysfunctional cerebrovasculature on amyloid formation, loss of neuronal homeostasis, synaptic changes, metabolic compromise, and cognitive decline. The book explores whether the cerebrovascular changes precede or follow clinical onset of the disease and the extent to which the pathological changes found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease are related to cerebral blood flow, perfusion, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction.
Author : Roberto Cabeza
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190660236
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the popular Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging provides up-to-date coverage of the most fundamental topics in this discipline. Like the first edition, this volume accessibly and comprehensively reviews the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging appropriate to both professionals and students in a variety of domains, including psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and psychiatry. The chapters are organized into three sections. The first section focuses on major questions regarding methodological approaches and experimental design. It includes chapters on structural imaging (MRI, DTI), functional imaging (fMRI), and molecular imaging (dopamine PET, etc), and covers multimodal imaging, longitudinal studies, and the interpretation of imaging findings. The second section concentrates on specific cognitive abilities, including attention and inhibitory control, executive functions, memory, and emotion. The third section turns to domains with health and clinical implications, such as the emergence of cognitive deficits in middle age, the role of genetics, the effects of modulatory variables (hypertension, exercise, cognitive engagement), and the distinction between healthy aging and the effects of dementia and depression. Taken together, the chapters in this volume, written by many of the most eminent scientists as well as young stars in this discipline, provide a unified and comprehensive overview of cognitive neuroscience of aging.
Author : Sarah Ann Cooley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (954 download)
Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Brain Microstructure and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults written by Sarah Ann Cooley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension represents one of the major modifiable health concerns in the U.S., with over one-third of adults classified as hypertensive, and another one-third meeting the classification for pre-hypertensive. Older adults are at the highest risk for hypertension. Although results have been mixed, a majority of the literature suggests that hypertension is associated with increased cognitive decline in older adults, particularly in frontally-mediated cognition such as executive functioning, processing speed, and attention. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and altered white matter microstructure are two consequences of hypertension that are thought to mediate the relationship between hypertension and cognitive aging. The goals of this study were to examine the impact of hypertension on two major white matter tracts that connect posterior regions of the brain with the frontal lobe and WMHs, to identify whether baseline blood pressure, baseline white matter tract integrity and baseline WMH volume contribute to frontally-mediated cognitive performance at a baseline visit, and to examine the longitudinal changes in white matter integrity and cognition in individuals who were hypertensive at baseline compared to baseline normotensives. Sixty older adults with both baseline and 3-year follow-up cognitive and imaging data were analyzed. Results indicated no significant relationships between blood pressure and white matter integrity or cognition at baseline or longitudinally. However, results suggested significant relationships between lower white matter integrity and worse cognitive performance on tests of executive functioning and processing speed. Although blood pressure did not significantly contribute to brain aging in this sample of healthy older adults, future work might identify other possible factors that could influence the relationship between aging and cognitive decline.
Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047239
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author : Lisa Marie Delano-Wood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Evidence for Heterogeneity in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) written by Lisa Marie Delano-Wood and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jean N. Ikanga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Reserve as Neuroprotection for Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Clinical Hypertension written by Jean N. Ikanga and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical hypertension is associated with impaired neuropsychological functioning. While cognitive reserve (CR) delays neurocognitive decline, CR's neuroprotective effects on the association between clinical hypertension and cognitive function has not been studied intensively. This study examined CR's moderation impact with cognitive performance in 150 individuals normotensive and hypertensive recruited in Michigan and Illinois and evaluated whether this relationship is moderated by CR. Participants were assessed with a neuropsychological battery, WASI-II, completed self-report measures on their leisure activities, spiritual and religious behaviors, and health measures. A CR-factor combing IQ, years of education, occupational prestige, and spiritual and religious behaviors significantly revealed a moderation effect of CR on the association between clinical hypertension and cognitive function. Participants with hypertension older than 72.5 years showed greater neuroprotection. These findings suggest a neuroprotective effect of CR, against poor cognitive performance in individuals with clinical hypertension, particularly in older individuals with longer duration of the disease.
Author : Po-Wing Ma
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361372258
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (722 download)
Download or read book Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions written by Po-Wing Ma and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Blood Pressure on Neurocognitive Functions" by Po-wing, Ma, 馬寶詠, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Prior clinical studies have documented that high blood pressure is one of the prominent risk factors leading to cerebrovascular disease and subsequent cognitive impairment. The present study aims to examine the relationship between blood pressure and brain and cognitive function in a community sample. This study recruited 41 elderly persons aged 60-70. Multiple imaging modalities were adopted to assess white matter microstructure, regional brain volume, and resting-state neural activity while a set of neuropsychological tests was used to assess cognitive function. With blood pressure measured at clinical interview, correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results showed reduced white matter integrity with increased systolic blood pressure in the splenium of the corpus callosum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the absence of change in brain volume or neural activity. Also, increased systolic blood pressure was found to be correlated with poorer cognitive performance in information processing speed. The results held significant after controlling age, sex, and education. These observations of the subclinical sample suggest that high blood pressure relates to subtle changes in the brain and cognitive deficits. Blood pressure control, as a relatively modifiable factor, should be taken seriously in community-dwelling elderly. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5435587 Subjects: Blood pressure Clinical neuropsychology
Author : Timothy Salthouse
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019045170X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Major Issues in Cognitive Aging written by Timothy Salthouse and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the field of cognitive aging has flourished and expanded into many different disciplines. It is probably, therefore, inevitable that some of the research has become very narrow, primarily focused on "counting and classifying the wrinkles of aged behavior," rather than addressing more broad, general, and important questions. Timothy Salthouse's main goal in this book is to try to identify some of the major phenomena in the field of cognitive aging, and discuss issues relevant to the investigation and interpretation of them. He does not attempt to provide a comprehensive survey of the research literature on aging and cognition because many excellent reviews are available in edited handbooks. His principal aim is rather to stimulate readers to think about the big questions in cognitive aging research, and how they might best be answered.
Author : Margaret M. Esiri
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521819152
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (191 download)
Download or read book The Neuropathology of Dementia written by Margaret M. Esiri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-22 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely rewritten and updated, this new edition is almost twice the size of its predecessor. Illustrated in colour throughout, and with contributions from the world's leading authorities, it is the definitive reference on the neuropathology of dementia. It gives practical guidance to pathologists, describes the contribution of neuroimaging to diagnosis, and surveys the clinical features of dementia. New material includes: Three entirely new chapters on neuroimaging, molecular diagnostics, and transgenic models. Two chapters on tauopathies under new authorship. A chapter under new authorship on synucleinopathies, which includes multiple system atrophy.
