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Hypernyms And Hyponyms
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Book Synopsis Hypernyms and Hyponyms: Vocabulary Building by : Manik Joshi
Download or read book Hypernyms and Hyponyms: Vocabulary Building written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are “Hypernyms and Hyponyms”? HYPERNYM ---- [Hyper- Over; -Onym: Name] Hypernym is a word that denotes a general category. Hypernym [singular] | Hypernyms [plural] Examples: game, bird, etc. Hypernym is also called ‘Generic term’, ‘Super-ordinate’, ‘Super-type’, or ‘Superset’. Derived terms related to ‘Hypernyms’: Hypernymous Words that are hypernyms are said to be hypernymous. Hypernymy The state of being a hypernym is called hypernymy. HYPONYM ---- [Hypo- Under; -Onym: Name] Hyponym is a word that denotes a particular item from a general category. Hyponym [singular] | Hyponyms [plural] Examples: football/hockey/cricket, eagle/peacock/sparrow, etc. Hyponym is also called ‘Subordinate’, ‘Subtype’ or ‘Subset’. Derived terms related to ‘Hyponyms’: Hyponymous Words that are hyponyms are said to be hyponymous. Hyponymy The state of being a hyponym is called hyponymy. In the above examples, ‘game’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’. ‘Cricket’, ‘football’ and ‘hockey’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘game’. Similarly, ‘bird’ is the hypernym (or supertype) of ‘eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’. ‘Eagle’, ‘peacock’ and ‘sparrow’ are hyponyms (or subtypes) of ‘bird’. IMPORTANT NOTE 1: The relationship between hypernym and hyponym is termed as ‘is-a relationship’. Pattern: Hyponym + is-a/an + Hypernym Example 1: Hypernym: game Hyponym: cricket, football, hockey Cricket is a game. Football is a game. Hockey is a game. Example 2: Hypernym: bird Hyponym: eagle, peacock, sparrow Eagle is a bird. Peacock is a bird. Sparrow is a bird. Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- A Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A1 -- Hypernym -- acid Hyponyms -- amino acid / ascetic acid / ascorbic acid / boric acid / carbonic acid / citric acid / hydrochloric acid / hydrofluoric acid / lactic acid / nitric acid / nucleic acid / oxalic acid / phosphoric acid / sulfuric (sulphuric) acid Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A2 -- Hypernym -- account Hyponyms -- budget account / checking account / current account / deposit account / savings account Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A3 -- Hypernym -- affix Hyponyms -- prefix / suffix Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A4 -- Hypernym -- African Hyponyms -- Algerian / Congolese / Egyptian / Kenyan / Liberian / Libyan / Moroccan / Senegalese / Sudanese / Ugandan Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A5 -- Hypernym -- algae Hyponyms -- anabaena / cowstail / cuvie / dabbylocks / featherweed / flans / grapestone / gulf weed / honeyware / laver / liadhaig / murlins / nostoc / pod weed / pompon / oscillatoria / rockweed / seaweed / thong weed / watersilk Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A6 -- Hypernym -- age [a particular period of history Hyponyms -- bronze age / iron age / new age / stone age Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A7 -- Hypernym -- agent Hyponyms -- double agent / estate agent / land agent / press agent / secret agent / special agent / travel agent Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A08 -- Hypernym -- alloy Hyponyms -- amalgam / billon / brass / bronze / iron / magnalium / megallium / nichrome / scandium / solder / steel / stellite Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A09 -- Hypernym -- amphibian Hyponyms -- frog / salamander / toad Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A10 -- Hypernym -- angle Hyponyms -- acute angle / adjacent angle / exterior angle / interior angle / obtuse angle / reflex angle / right angle
Book Synopsis Hypernyms and Hyponyms: Vocabulary Building by : Manik Joshi
Download or read book Hypernyms and Hyponyms: Vocabulary Building written by Manik Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-25 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are "Hypernyms and Hyponyms"? HYPERNYM ---- [Hyper- Over; -Onym: Name] Hypernym is a word that denotes a general category. Hypernym [singular] -- Hypernyms [plural] --- Examples: game, bird, etc. Hypernym is also called 'Generic term', 'Super-ordinate', 'Super-type', or 'Superset'. --- Derived terms related to 'Hypernyms': Hypernymous- Words that are hypernyms are said to be hypernymous. Hypernymy- The state of being a hypernym is called hypernymy. HYPONYM ---- [Hypo- Under; -Onym: Name] Hyponym is a word that denotes a particular item from a general category. Hyponym [singular] --- Hyponyms [plural] --- Examples: football/hockey/cricket, eagle/peacock/sparrow, etc. Hyponym is also called 'Subordinate', 'Subtype' or 'Subset'. --- Derived terms related to 'Hyponyms': Hyponymous- Words that are hyponyms are said to be hyponymous. Hyponymy- The state of being a hyponym is called hyponymy. In the above examples, 'game' is the hypernym (or supertype) of 'cricket', 'football' and 'hockey'. 'Cricket', 'football' and 'hockey' are hyponyms (or subtypes) of 'game'. Similarly, 'bird' is the hypernym (or supertype) of 'eagle', 'peacock' and 'sparrow'. 'Eagle', 'peacock' and 'sparrow' are hyponyms (or subtypes) of 'bird'. --- IMPORTANT NOTE 1: Relationship between hypernym and hyponym is termed as 'is-a relationship'. Pattern: Hyponym + is-a/an + Hypernym ---- Example 1: Hypernym: game; Hyponym: cricket, football, hockey- Cricket is a game. Football is a game. Hockey is a game. --- Example 2: Hypernym: bird; Hyponym: eagle, peacock, sparrow- Eagle is a bird. Peacock is a bird. Sparrow is a bird. ------ Hypernyms and Hyponyms -- A --- Hypernym / Hyponym -- Example A1 --Hypernym -- acid; Hyponyms -- amino acid / ascetic acid / ascorbic acid / boric acid / carbonic acid / citric acid / hydrochloric acid / hydrofluoric acid / lactic acid / nitric acid / nucleic acid / oxalic acid / phosphoric acid / sulfuric (sulphuric) acid -- Example A2: Hypernym -- account; Hyponyms -- budget account / checking account / current account / deposit account / savings account -- Example A3: Hypernym -- affix; Hyponyms -- prefix / suffix -- Example A4: Hypernym -- African; Hyponyms -- Algerian / Congolese / Egyptian / Kenyan / Liberian / Libyan / Moroccan / Senegalese / Sudanese / Ugandan -- Example A5: Hypernym -- algae; Hyponyms -- anabaena / cowstail / cuvie / dabbylocks / featherweed / flans / grapestone / gulf weed / honeyware / laver / liadhaig / murlins / nostoc / pod weed / pompon / oscillatoria / rockweed / seaweed / thong weed / watersilk -- Example A6 -- Hypernym -- age [a particular period of history; Hyponyms -- bronze age / iron age / new age / stone age -- Example A7: Hypernym -- agent; Hyponyms -- double agent / estate agent / land agent / press agent / secret agent / special agent / travel agent -- Example A08: Hypernym -- alloy; Hyponyms -- amalgam / billon / brass / bronze / iron / magnalium / megallium / nichrome / scandium / solder / steel / satellite -- Example A09: Hypernym -- amphibian; Hyponyms -- frog / salamander / toad -- Example A10: Hypernym -- angle; Hyponyms -- acute angle / adjacent angle / exterior angle / interior angle / obtuse angle / reflex angle / right angle
Book Synopsis The Semantics of Relationships by : R. Green
Download or read book The Semantics of Relationships written by R. Green and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genesis of this volume was the participation of the editors in an ACMlSIGIR (Association for Computing Machinery/Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval) workshop entitled "Beyond Word Relations" (Hetzler, 1997). This workshop examined a number of relationship types with significance for information retrieval beyond the conventional topic-matching relationship. From this shared participation came the idea for an edited volume on relationships, with chapters to be solicited from researchers and practitioners throughout the world. Ultimately, one volume became two volumes. The first volume, Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge (Bean & Green, 200 I), examines the role of relationships in knowledge organization theory and practice, with emphasis given to thesaural relationships and integration across systems, languages, cultures, and disciplines. This second volume examines relationships in a broader array of contexts. The two volumes should be seen as companions, each informing the other. As with the companion volume, we are especially grateful to the authors who willingly accepted challenges of space and time to produce chapters that summarize extensive bodies of research. The value of the volume clearly resides in the quality of the individual chapters. In naming this volume The Semantics of Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, we wanted to highlight the fact that relationships are not just empty connectives. Relationships constitute important conceptual units and make significant contributions to meaning.
Book Synopsis Holonyms and Meronyms: Vocabulary Building by : Manik Joshi
Download or read book Holonyms and Meronyms: Vocabulary Building written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are “Holonyms and Meronyms”? HOLONYMS ---- [Holo- Whole; -Onym: Name] Holonym is a word that denotes a thing that is complete in itself and whose part, member or substance is represented by another word. Holonym [singular] | Holonyms [plural] Example: ‘Bird’ is a holonym of ‘Feather’. Derived terms related to ‘Holonyms’: Holonymous Words that are Holonyms are said to be Holonymous. Holonymy The state of being a Holonym is called Holonymy. MERONYMS ---- [Mero- Part; -Onym: Name] Meronym is a word that denotes a constituent part, member or substance of something that is complete in itself. Meronym [singular] | Meronyms [plural] Example: ‘Feather’ is a meronym of ‘Bird’. Derived terms related to ‘Meronyms’: Meronymous Words that are Meronyms are said to be Meronymous. Meronymy The state of being a Meronym is called Meronymy. Holonyms and Meronyms -- A Holonym / Meronym -- Example A1 -- Holonym -- air-conditioner Meronyms -- blower / compressor / condenser coil / control panel / cooling coil / evaporator coil / expansion valve / fan / motor / temperature sensing bulb / thermostat Holonym / Meronym -- Example A2 -- Holonym -- airplane (aeroplane) Meronyms -- aileron / altimeter / black box / cabin / cargo / cockpit / cowling / elevator / fin / flap / flight deck / fuselage / galley / hatch / jet engine / leading edge / nose / propeller / rudder / seat / slat / tail / trailing edge / undercarriage / wing Holonym / Meronym -- Example A3 -- Holonym -- airport Meronyms -- airplane / airstrip / air terminal / control tower / hangar / lounge / taxiway / terminal Holonym / Meronym -- Example A4 -- Holonym -- algae Meronyms -- cell membrane / cell wall / chloroplast / cytoplasm / flagellum / nucleolus / nucleus / starch vacuole Holonym / Meronym -- Example A5 -- Holonym -- atom Meronyms -- electron / neutron / proton Other Examples: Holonym / Meronym -- Example A6 – ‘abacus’ is the holonym of ‘wire’ wire’ is a meronym of ‘abacus’ Holonym / Meronym -- Example A7 – ‘album’ is the holonym of ‘photograph’ ‘photograph’ is a meronym of ‘album’ Holonym / Meronym -- Example A8 -- ‘asparagus’ is the holonym of ‘spear’ ‘spear’ is a meronym of ‘asparagus’ Holonym / Meronym -- Example A9 -- ‘atmosphere’ is the holonym of ‘stratosphere’ ‘stratosphere’ is a meronym of ‘atmosphere’
Book Synopsis Computational Lexical Semantics by : Patrick Saint-Dizier
Download or read book Computational Lexical Semantics written by Patrick Saint-Dizier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-02-24 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lexical semantics has become a major research area within computational linguistics, drawing from psycholinguistics, knowledge representation, and computer algorithms and architecture. Research programs whose goal is the definition of large lexicons are asking what the appropriate representation structure is for different facets of lexical information. Among these facets, semantic information is probably the most complex and the least explored. Computational Lexical Semantics is one of the first volumes to provide models for the creation of various kinds of computerized lexicons for the automatic treatment of natural language, with applications to machine translation, automatic indexing, and database front-ends, knowledge extraction, among other things. It focuses on semantic issues, as seen by linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists. Besides describing academic research, it also covers ongoing industrial projects.
Book Synopsis Semantic Relations and the Lexicon by : M. Lynne Murphy
Download or read book Semantic Relations and the Lexicon written by M. Lynne Murphy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-10-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semantic Relations and the Lexicon explores the many paradigmatic semantic relations between words, such as synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy, and their relevance to the mental organization of our vocabularies. Drawing on a century's research in linguistics, psychology, philosophy, anthropology and computer science, M. Lynne Murphy proposes a pragmatic approach to these relations. Whereas traditional approaches have claimed that paradigmatic relations are part of our lexical knowledge, Dr Murphy argues that they constitute metalinguistic knowledge, which can be derived through a single relational principle, and may also be stored as part of our extra-lexical, conceptual representations of a word. Part I shows how this approach can account for the properties of lexical relations in ways that traditional approaches cannot, and Part II examines particular relations in detail. This book will serve as an informative handbook for all linguists and cognitive scientists interested in the mental representation of vocabulary.
Book Synopsis English Vocabulary Elements by : Keith Denning
Download or read book English Vocabulary Elements written by Keith Denning and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique text draws on the tools of modern linguistics to help the student acquire an effective understanding of learned, specialized, and scientific vocabulary. English Vocabulary Elements (EVE) helps develop familiarity with over 350 Latin and Greek word elements in English, and shows how these roots are the building blocks within thousands of different words. Along the way the authors introduce and illustrate many of the fundamental concepts of linguistics. Offering a thorough approach to the expansion of vocabulary, EVE is an invaluable resource that provides students a deeper understanding of the language. This book will be useful to upper level high school students, undergraduates in English, Linguistics, and Classics departments, ESL students, and anyone interested in building vocabulary skills. This edition is refined and thoroughly updated. It includes updated cultural references, and the authors have revised and improved the pedagogy based on classroom experience. In particular they account for variations in pronunciation among students; clarify when historical details are important or peripheral; and improve the many examples and exercises that form the core of the book.
Book Synopsis The Structure of Modern English by : Laurel J. Brinton
Download or read book The Structure of Modern English written by Laurel J. Brinton and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language. Focus is placed exclusively on English data, providing an empirical explication of the structure of the language.
Book Synopsis Ontology Learning from Text by : Paul Buitelaar
Download or read book Ontology Learning from Text written by Paul Buitelaar and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest title in Black Library's premium line. Perturabo - master of siegecraft, and executioner of Olympia. Long has he lived in the shadow of his more favoured primarch brothers, frustrated by the mundane and ignominious duties which regularly fall to his Legion. When Fulgrim offers him the chance to lead an expedition in search of an ancient and destructive xenos weapon, the Iron Warriors and the Emperor's Children unite and venture deep into the heart of the great warp-rift known only as 'the Eye'. Pursued by a ragged band of survivors from Isstvan V and the revenants of a dead eldar world, they must work quickly if they are to unleash the devastating power of the Angel Exterminatus
Book Synopsis Semantics. Volume 1 by : Claudia Maienborn
Download or read book Semantics. Volume 1 written by Claudia Maienborn and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "SEMANTICS (MAIENBORN ET AL.) BD. 33.1 HSK E-BOOK".
Download or read book The Happy Prince written by Oscar Wilde and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a town full of suffering, a swallow and a statue of the “Happy Prince” set out to ease the lives of the townspeople. Victorian author Oscar Wilde is known both as a playwright and prose author. Among his most famous works are The Picture of Dorian Gray, his only novel, the plays An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, and the short story collections Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories and The Happy Prince and Other Stories. HarperPerennial Classics brings great works of literature to life in digital format, upholding the highest standards in ebook production and celebrating reading in all its forms. Look for more titles in the HarperPerennial Classics collection to build your digital library.
Book Synopsis The Big Book of Concepts by : Gregory Murphy
Download or read book The Big Book of Concepts written by Gregory Murphy and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-01-30 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts embody our knowledge of the kinds of things there are in the world. Tying our past experiences to our present interactions with the environment, they enable us to recognize and understand new objects and events. Concepts are also relevant to understanding domains such as social situations, personality types, and even artistic styles. Yet like other phenomenologically simple cognitive processes such as walking or understanding speech, concept formation and use are maddeningly complex. Research since the 1970s and the decline of the "classical view" of concepts have greatly illuminated the psychology of concepts. But persistent theoretical disputes have sometimes obscured this progress. The Big Book of Concepts goes beyond those disputes to reveal the advances that have been made, focusing on the major empirical discoveries. By reviewing and evaluating research on diverse topics such as category learning, word meaning, conceptual development in infants and children, and the basic level of categorization, the book develops a much broader range of criteria than is usual for evaluating theories of concepts.
Book Synopsis A Wordnet from the Ground Up by : Maciej Piasecki
Download or read book A Wordnet from the Ground Up written by Maciej Piasecki and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recognizing Textual Entailment by : Ido Dagan
Download or read book Recognizing Textual Entailment written by Ido Dagan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, a number of NLP researchers have developed and participated in the task of Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE). This task encapsulates Natural Language Understanding capabilities within a very simple interface: recognizing when the meaning of a text snippet is contained in the meaning of a second piece of text. This simple abstraction of an exceedingly complex problem has broad appeal partly because it can be conceived also as a component in other NLP applications, from Machine Translation to Semantic Search to Information Extraction. It also avoids commitment to any specific meaning representation and reasoning framework, broadening its appeal within the research community. This level of abstraction also facilitates evaluation, a crucial component of any technological advancement program. This book explains the RTE task formulation adopted by the NLP research community, and gives a clear overview of research in this area. It draws out commonalities in this research, detailing the intuitions behind dominant approaches and their theoretical underpinnings. This book has been written with a wide audience in mind, but is intended to inform all readers about the state of the art in this fascinating field, to give a clear understanding of the principles underlying RTE research to date, and to highlight the short- and long-term research goals that will advance this technology.
Download or read book WordNet written by Christiane Fellbaum and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WordNet, an electronic lexical database, is considered to be the most important resource available to researchers in computational linguistics, text analysis, and many related areas. English nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexicalized concept. Different relations link the synonym sets. The purpose of this volume is twofold. First, it discusses the design of WordNet and the theoretical motivations behind it. Second, it provides a survey of representative applications, including word sense identification, information retrieval, selectional preferences of verbs, and lexical chains.
Download or read book Wisteria Witches written by Angela Pepper and published by . This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zara Riddle moved to a charming new house in a small town so her life could be simple. But now that her witch powers have kicked in, life is anything but. Long-lost relatives are coming out of the woodwork, and it turns out the family tree is riddled with magic. When a ghost shows up, Zara finds out her powers come with a cost. She must solve the woman's murder. Zara teams up with her handsome neighbor, a wolf shifter who's both mysterious and perfect. Maybe too perfect? He did save her life during an attack, but he's definitely hiding something behind that sly smile. The town of Wisteria may be quaint on the surface, but danger lurks around every corner. To protect her family, Zara must risk her heart and her life. Forces of good and evil will face off in a battle where one side has a secret advantage. One thing's for sure. Zara Riddle is keeping these new powers, blue lightning balls and all. Once you go witch, you never switch.
Book Synopsis Introducing Semantics by : Nick Riemer
Download or read book Introducing Semantics written by Nick Riemer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the study of meaning in language for undergraduate students.
