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Humes Problem
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Download or read book Hume's Problem written by Colin Howson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a solution to one of the central, unsolved problems of Western philosophy, that of induction. It explores the implications of Hume's argument that successful prediction tells us nothing about the truth of the predicting theory.
Book Synopsis Hume's Problem Solved by : Gerhard Schurz
Download or read book Hume's Problem Solved written by Gerhard Schurz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new approach to Hume's problem of induction that justifies the optimality of induction at the level of meta-induction. Hume's problem of justifying induction has been among epistemology's greatest challenges for centuries. In this book, Gerhard Schurz proposes a new approach to Hume's problem. Acknowledging the force of Hume's arguments against the possibility of a noncircular justification of the reliability of induction, Schurz demonstrates instead the possibility of a noncircular justification of the optimality of induction, or, more precisely, of meta-induction (the application of induction to competing prediction models). Drawing on discoveries in computational learning theory, Schurz demonstrates that a regret-based learning strategy, attractivity-weighted meta-induction, is predictively optimal in all possible worlds among all prediction methods accessible to the epistemic agent. Moreover, the a priori justification of meta-induction generates a noncircular a posteriori justification of object induction. Taken together, these two results provide a noncircular solution to Hume's problem. Schurz discusses the philosophical debate on the problem of induction, addressing all major attempts at a solution to Hume's problem and describing their shortcomings; presents a series of theorems, accompanied by a description of computer simulations illustrating the content of these theorems (with proofs presented in a mathematical appendix); and defends, refines, and applies core insights regarding the optimality of meta-induction, explaining applications in neighboring disciplines including forecasting sciences, cognitive science, social epistemology, and generalized evolution theory. Finally, Schurz generalizes the method of optimality-based justification to a new strategy of justification in epistemology, arguing that optimality justifications can avoid the problems of justificatory circularity and regress.
Book Synopsis Hume's Problem Solved by : Gerhard Schurz
Download or read book Hume's Problem Solved written by Gerhard Schurz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new approach to Hume's problem of induction that justifies the optimality of induction at the level of meta-induction. Hume's problem of justifying induction has been among epistemology's greatest challenges for centuries. In this book, Gerhard Schurz proposes a new approach to Hume's problem. Acknowledging the force of Hume's arguments against the possibility of a noncircular justification of the reliability of induction, Schurz demonstrates instead the possibility of a noncircular justification of the optimality of induction, or, more precisely, of meta-induction (the application of induction to competing prediction models). Drawing on discoveries in computational learning theory, Schurz demonstrates that a regret-based learning strategy, attractivity-weighted meta-induction, is predictively optimal in all possible worlds among all prediction methods accessible to the epistemic agent. Moreover, the a priori justification of meta-induction generates a noncircular a posteriori justification of object induction. Taken together, these two results provide a noncircular solution to Hume's problem. Schurz discusses the philosophical debate on the problem of induction, addressing all major attempts at a solution to Hume's problem and describing their shortcomings; presents a series of theorems, accompanied by a description of computer simulations illustrating the content of these theorems (with proofs presented in a mathematical appendix); and defends, refines, and applies core insights regarding the optimality of meta-induction, explaining applications in neighboring disciplines including forecasting sciences, cognitive science, social epistemology, and generalized evolution theory. Finally, Schurz generalizes the method of optimality-based justification to a new strategy of justification in epistemology, arguing that optimality justifications can avoid the problems of justificatory circularity and regress.
Download or read book Hume's Problem written by Colin Howson and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colin Howson offers a solution to one of the central, unsolved problems of Western philosophy, the problem of induction. In the mid-eighteenth century David Hume argued that successful prediction tells us nothing about the truth of the predicting theory. No matter how many experimental tests a hypothesis passes, nothing can be legitimately inferred about its truth or probable truth. But physical theory routinely predicts the values of observable magnitudes to many small places of decimals and within very small ranges of error. The chance of this sort of predictive success without a true theory seems so remote that the possibility should be dismissed. This suggests that Hume's argument must be wrong; but there is still no consensus on where exactly this flaw lies. Howson argues that there is no flaw, and examines the implications of this disturbing conclusion for relation between science and its empirical base.
Book Synopsis Knowledge, Reason, and Taste by : Paul Guyer
Download or read book Knowledge, Reason, and Taste written by Paul Guyer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immanuel Kant famously said that he was awoken from his "dogmatic slumbers," and led to question the possibility of metaphysics, by David Hume's doubts about causation. Because of this, many philosophers have viewed Hume's influence on Kant as limited to metaphysics. More recently, some philosophers have questioned whether even Kant's metaphysics was really motivated by Hume. In Knowledge, Reason, and Taste, renowned Kant scholar Paul Guyer challenges both of these views. He argues that Kant's entire philosophy--including his moral philosophy, aesthetics, and teleology, as well as his metaphysics--can fruitfully be read as an engagement with Hume. In this book, the first to describe and assess Hume's influence throughout Kant's philosophy, Guyer shows where Kant agrees or disagrees with Hume, and where Kant does or doesn't appear to resolve Hume's doubts. In doing so, Guyer examines the progress both Kant and Hume made on enduring questions about causes, objects, selves, taste, moral principles and motivations, and purpose and design in nature. Finally, Guyer looks at questions Kant and Hume left open to their successors.
Book Synopsis Hume and the Problem of Causation by : Tom L. Beauchamp
Download or read book Hume and the Problem of Causation written by Tom L. Beauchamp and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1981 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors demonstrate that Hume's views can stand up to contemporary criticism and are relevant to current debates on causality.
Book Synopsis Hume's Abject Failure by : John Earman
Download or read book Hume's Abject Failure written by John Earman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-23 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This vital study offers a new interpretation of Hume's famous "Of Miracles," which notoriously argues against the possibility of miracles. By situating Hume's popular argument in the context of the eighteenth-century debate on miracles, Earman shows Hume's argument to be largely unoriginal and chiefly without merit where it is original. Yet Earman constructively conceives how progress can be made on the issues that Hume's essay so provocatively posed about the ability of eyewitness testimony to establish the credibility of marvelous and miraculous events.
Download or read book The Philosophy Gym written by Stephen Law and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2003-12-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique and accessible explanations to some of life's biggest questions, obtained through a series of irresistable mental challenges
Book Synopsis Hume's True Scepticism by : Donald C. Ainslie
Download or read book Hume's True Scepticism written by Donald C. Ainslie and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a sustained interpretation of Part 4 of Book 1 of Hume's Treatise, arguing that Hume uses our reactions to the sceptical arguments as evidence in favor of his model of the mind.
Book Synopsis David Hume and the Problem of Other Minds by : Anik Waldow
Download or read book David Hume and the Problem of Other Minds written by Anik Waldow and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of other minds has widely been considered as a special problem within the debate about scepticism. If one cannot be sure that there is a world existing independent ly of one's mind, how can we be sure that there are minds - minds which we cannot even experience the way we experience material objects? This book shows, through a detailed examination of David Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, that these concerns are unfounded. By focusing on Hume's discussion of sympathy - the ability to connect with the mental contents of other persons - Anik Waldow demonstrates that belief in other minds can be justified by the same means as belief in material objects. The book thus not only provides the first large-scale treatment of the function of the belief in other minds within the Treatise, thereby adding a new dimension to Hume's realism, but also serves as an invaluable guide to the complexity of the problem of other minds and its various responses in contemporary debate.
Book Synopsis The Concealed Influence of Custom by : Jay L. Garfield
Download or read book The Concealed Influence of Custom written by Jay L. Garfield and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a reading of Hume's Treatise as a whole, foregrounding Hume's understanding of custom and its role in the Treatise. It shows that Hume grounds his understanding of custom in its usage in English legal theory, and that he takes custom to be the foundation for normativity in all of its guises, whether moral, epistemic, or social. The book argues that Hume's project in the Treatise is to provide a socially inflected cognitive science--to understand how persons are constituted through an interaction of individual psychology and their social matrix--and that custom provides the ligature that ties together Hume's naturalism and skepticism. In doing so, it shows that Hume is a consistent Pyrrhonian skeptic, but that he takes the positive part of the skeptical program seriously, showing not only that our practices have no foundation, but that they need none, and that custom alone serves to explain and to justify our practices. (Resumen editorial).
Book Synopsis Righting Epistemology by : Bredo Johnsen
Download or read book Righting Epistemology written by Bredo Johnsen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Righting Epistemology defends an unrecognized Humean conception of epistemic justification, showing that he is no skeptic, and an argument of his that refutes all extant alternative conceptions. It goes on to trace the development of his thought in Sir Karl Popper, Nelson Goodman, W. V. Quine and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Book Synopsis God and the Reach of Reason by : Erik J. Wielenberg
Download or read book God and the Reach of Reason written by Erik J. Wielenberg and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts C. S. Lewis, David Hume, and Bertrand Russell in dialogue with one another.
Download or read book Hume's Problem written by Ira Jay Singer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Riddle of Hume's Treatise by : Paul Russell
Download or read book The Riddle of Hume's Treatise written by Paul Russell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely held that Hume's Treatise has little or nothing to do with problems of religion. Contrary to this view, Paul Russell argues that it is irreligious aims and objectives that are fundamental to the Treatise and account for its underlying unity and coherence
Book Synopsis An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by : David Hume
Download or read book An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding written by David Hume and published by Standard Ebooks. This book was released on 2024-09-09T19:27:34Z with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A foundational text in empiricism and skepticism, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding comprehensively examines the nature of human cognition, the limits of human knowledge, and the role of reason in understanding the world. Hume argues that our understanding of the world is based on custom, habit, and experience, rather than pure reason or innate knowledge. He challenges the notions of causality, induction, and the concepts of connections between cause and effect, arguing that our understanding of these relationships is based on probability and custom. It lays the groundwork for modern philosophy, emphasizing the importance of empirical evidence and the role of human psychology in shaping our beliefs and understanding of reality. This book is part of the Standard Ebooks project, which produces free public domain ebooks.
Book Synopsis An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals by : David Hume
Download or read book An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals written by David Hume and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
