Human Intellect And Cognitive Science

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Human Intellect and Cognitive Science

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 : 0275951790
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Intellect and Cognitive Science by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Human Intellect and Cognitive Science written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1996-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of knowledge concerning the complexities of human intellective processes can best be achieved by combining theory and research from the disciplines of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. Wagman explores various aspects of these disciplines to further his ideas. He examines the nature of the human intellect and proposes a theory of representation and intelligence that is applicable to human, computer, and animal cognition. He also evaluates theory and research concerned with structure and process in human reasoning and human problem solving. Several scientific discovery systems including BACON, FARENHEIT, and IDS are described in depth. The ability of these systems to emulate solutions to 10 types of scientific problems is examined. The capacity theory of language comprehension is also presented and extended to the domain of cognitive processes.

Genes, Brains, and Human Potential

Author : Ken Richardson
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023154376X
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Genes, Brains, and Human Potential by : Ken Richardson

Download or read book Genes, Brains, and Human Potential written by Ken Richardson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For countless generations people have been told that their potential as humans is limited and fundamentally unequal. The social order, they have been assured, is arranged by powers beyond their control. More recently the appeal has been to biology, specifically the genes, brain sciences, the concept of intelligence, and powerful new technologies. Reinforced through the authority of science and a growing belief in bio-determinism, the ordering of the many for the benefit of a few has become more entrenched. Yet scientists are now waking up to the influence of ideology on research and its interpretation. In Genes, Brains, and Human Potential, Ken Richardson illustrates how the ideology of human intelligence has infiltrated genetics, brain sciences, and psychology, flourishing in the vagueness of basic concepts, a shallow nature-versus-nurture debate, and the overhyped claims of reductionists. He shows how ideology, more than pure science, has come to dominate our institutions, especially education, encouraging fatalism about the development of human intelligence among individuals and societies. Genes, Brains, and Human Potential goes much further: building on work being done in molecular biology, epigenetics, dynamical systems, evolution theory, and complexity theory, it maps a fresh understanding of intelligence and the development of human potential. Concluding with an upbeat message for human possibilities, this synthesis of diverse perspectives will engender new conversations among students, researchers, and other interested readers.

The General Unified Theory of Intelligence

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The General Unified Theory of Intelligence by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book The General Unified Theory of Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1997-02-19 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general unified theory of intelligence addresses the cognitive functions of thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. At an abstract level, this theory construes the intellective functions of humans and computers as, respectively, restricted and directed forms of the logic of implication. In other words, human intelligence operates according to production rules. Here, Wagman presents the central tenets and research elaboration of the general unified theory of intelligence that embraces both human and artifical intelligence across the cognitive domains of scientific discovery processes, inductive and deductive reasoning, and the mechanisms basic to analogical thinking and problem solving.

Cognitive Science and Concepts of Mind

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Science and Concepts of Mind by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Cognitive Science and Concepts of Mind written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-10-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the introductory chapter, each succeeding chapter focuses on a major component of cognition. Each cognitive component (logic, reasoning, problem solving, language, memory, learning, discovery) is analyzed from the perspectives of human intellect and artificial intelligence. The dual perspectives are then compared. The analyses and the comparisons take account of basic theory and describe contemporary research. The technical theory and research is considered against a broad background of intellectual history and psychological implication. This book is intended for anyone aware of the new intellectual paradigm and psychological challenge of artificial intelligence. It is written for the general reader, as well as for university students in cognitive science programs, artificial intelligence, psychology, and philosophy courses, and for professionals in these and related fields. --from preface.

What Makes Us Smart

Author : Samuel Gershman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691225990
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis What Makes Us Smart by : Samuel Gershman

Download or read book What Makes Us Smart written by Samuel Gershman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How a computational framework can account for the successes and failures of human cognition At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. What Makes Us Smart makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, Gershman presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, Gershman demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, What Makes Us Smart delves into the successes and failures of cognition.

Cognitive Science and the Symbolic Operations of Human and Artificial Intelligence

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Science and the Symbolic Operations of Human and Artificial Intelligence by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Cognitive Science and the Symbolic Operations of Human and Artificial Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1997-09-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This scholarly book presents and critically evaluates the outstanding contributions of both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence to our understanding of the nature of intelligence and intelligent systems. Examining conceptual thought across the domains of reasoning and logic, language and analogy, and scientific discovery, Wagman compares human reasoning with computer reasoning. Of special interest to readers is the general critique of artificial intelligence research directed toward the ultimate objective of mapping and surpassing all of human knowledge. The first chapter examines the theoretical foundations of the logical approach to artificial intelligence and the centrality of declarative knowledge and the predicate calculus. The artifical intelligence system, CYC, is critically examined with respect to its avowed objective of matching or surpassing human intelligence. The second chapter focuses on the probabilistic contrast model of causal reasoning and underscores its significance as a mathematical conceptualization of human reasoning. In the third chapter, the ARCS (Analogical Retrieval by Constraint Satisfaction) system is discussed and its psychological validity is evaluated. In the fourth chapter, scientific heuristics characteristics of different developmental levels and differentially applied in the discovery spaces of hypotheses and experiments are analyzed in the context of the philosophy of science. The fifth chapter presents the logic, principles, and applications of PAULINE, a pragmatic language generation system and explains human language pragmatics.

Cognitive Science and the Mind-Body Problem

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 : 0275960315
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Science and the Mind-Body Problem by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Cognitive Science and the Mind-Body Problem written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1998-03-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A scholarly examination of the centrality of the mind-body problem within and across the science of cognition—from philosophy to psychology to artificial intelligence to neural science. Conceptions of the mind-body problem range from the heritage of Cartesianism to the identification of the circumscribed brain structures responsible for domain specific cognitive mechanisms. Neither narrowly technical nor philosophically vague, this is a structured and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in theory, research, and knowledge illumined by the conceptual vicissitudes of the mind-body problem. This unique treatment will be of special interest to creative scholars in the disciplines of he sciences of cognition.

Intelligence Science

Author : Zhongzhi Shi
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814360775
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Science by : Zhongzhi Shi

Download or read book Intelligence Science written by Zhongzhi Shi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligence Science is an interdisciplinary subject dedicated to joint research on basic theory and technology of intelligence by brain science, cognitive science, artificial intelligence and others. Brain science explores the essence of brain research on the principle and model of natural intelligence at the molecular, cell and behavior level. Cognitive science studies human mental activity, such as perception, learning, memory, thinking, consciousness etc. In order to implement machine intelligence, artificial intelligence attempts simulation, extension and expansion of human intelligence using artificial methodology and technology. Research scientists from the above three disciplines work together to explore new concepts, new theories, and methodologies. This book will introduce the concept and methodology of intelligence science systematically. The whole book is divided into 18 chapters altogether. It can be regarded as a textbook in courses of intelligence science, cognitive science, cognitive informatics etc. for senior and graduate students. It has important reference value for researchers engaged in fields such as intelligence science, brain science, cognitive science, neural science, artificial intelligence, psychology and so on.

The Sciences of Cognition

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sciences of Cognition by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book The Sciences of Cognition written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1995-03-30 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wagman presents a general, unified theory of artificial and human intelligence under which the nature of human reasoning, problem solving, analogical thinking, and scientific discovery is examined from theoretical, research and computational perspectives. The work analyzes foundational issues regarding the nature of intelligent systems and intelligence, and significant and current research in the area is discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars dealing with psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience

Author : Aron K. Barbey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108573746
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience by : Aron K. Barbey

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience written by Aron K. Barbey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook introduces the reader to the thought-provoking research on the neural foundations of human intelligence. Written for undergraduate or graduate students, practitioners, and researchers in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and related fields, the chapters summarize research emerging from the rapidly developing neuroscience literature on human intelligence. The volume focusses on theoretical innovation and recent advances in the measurement, modelling, and characterization of the neurobiology of intelligence differences, especially from brain imaging studies. It summarizes fundamental issues in the characterization and measurement of general intelligence, and surveys multidisciplinary research consortia and large-scale data repositories for the study of general intelligence. A systematic review of neuroimaging methods for studying intelligence is provided, including structural and diffusion-weighted MRI techniques, functional MRI methods, and spectroscopic imaging of metabolic markers of intelligence.

Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence

Author : Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317784510
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence by : Robert J. Sternberg

Download or read book Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume five continues to mark the significant advances made in the psychology of human intelligence, problem solving, and thinking abilities. Papers contributed by leaders in the field reflect a diversity of perspectives and approaches to the human intelligence. Subjects discussed include: * genetic and environmental contributions to information-processing abilities * development of children's conceptions of intelligence * skill acquisition as a bridge between intelligence and motivation * information-processing abilities underlying intelligence * costs of expertise and their relation to intelligence * the nature of abstract thought

Cognitive Science

Author : Jay Friedenberg
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1412977614
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Science by : Jay Friedenberg

Download or read book Cognitive Science written by Jay Friedenberg and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Second Edition of their landmark text, Authors Jay Friedenberg and Gordon Silverman survey significant theoretical models of the human mind from an interdisciplinary perspective. Unlike other texts for this course which focus solely on classic experiments to illustrate major phenomena, Cognitive Science introduces students to the theoretical models and ideas underlying such empirical work. While experiments are discussed, they are used primarily to illustrate the specific characteristics of a model. This edition includes two new chapters on emotional cognition and social cognition.

How Intelligence Happens

Author : John Duncan
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030016873X
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis How Intelligence Happens by : John Duncan

Download or read book How Intelligence Happens written by John Duncan and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively journey through the brain’s inner workings from “one of the world’s leading cognitive neuroscientists” (The Wall Street Journal). Human intelligence builds sprawling cities, vast cornfields, and complex microchips. It takes us from the atom to the limits of the universe. How does the biological brain, a collection of billions of cells, enable us to do things no other species can do? In this book, neuroscientist John Duncan offers an adventure story—the story of the hunt for basic principles of human intelligence, behavior, and thought. Using results drawn from classical studies of intelligence testing; from attempts to build computers that think; from studies of how minds change after brain damage; from modern discoveries of brain imaging; and from groundbreaking recent research, he synthesizes often difficult-to-understand information into clear, fascinating prose about how brains work. Moving from the foundations of psychology, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience to the most current scientific thinking, How Intelligence Happens is “a timely, original, and highly readable contribution to our understanding” (Nancy Kanwisher, MIT) from a winner of the Heineken Prize for Cognitive Science

Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1993-02-28 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of cognition is examined by the methods of experimental cognitive psychology and the theoretical models of computational psychology. First explained is the nature and objectives of artificial intelligence, symbolic and connectionist paradigms, the architecture of cognition, and characteristics of a general theory of intelligence. Wagman then examines theory and research in human reasoning and reasoning systems. Experimental research in deductive and inductive reasoning, the nature of artificial intelligence reasoning systems, nonmonotonic and common-sense reasoning, and general types of reasoning in artificial intelligence are examined. Next the author examines the nature of human problem solving and problem-solving systems. Problem representation methods and their duplication by artificial intelligence is discussed at length. Concepts and research in human learning and learning systems are also reviewed, as are the nature of human expertise and expert systems. Major characteristics of expertise including deep knowledge, reasoning strategies, and pattern recognition are described and exemplified in research concerned with medical expertise. The nature of intelligence and intelligence systems is examined, and the physical symbol system hypothesis and its results are analyzed. The author covers an artificial intelligence system that emulates the cognitive processes in scientific discovery and its implications for human creativity.

Conceptions of the Human Mind

Author : Gilbert Harman
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134773854
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptions of the Human Mind by : Gilbert Harman

Download or read book Conceptions of the Human Mind written by Gilbert Harman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a direct result of a conference held at Princeton University to honor George A. Miller, an extraordinary psychologist. A distinguished panel of speakers from various disciplines -- psychology, philosophy, neuroscience and artificial intelligence -- were challenged to respond to Dr. Miller's query: "What has happened to cognition? In other words, what has the past 30 years contributed to our understanding of the mind? Do we really know anything that wasn't already clear to William James?" Each participant tried to stand back a little from his or her most recent work, but to address the general question from his or her particular standpoint. The chapters in the present volume derive from that occasion.

Cognitive Science

Author : José Luis Bermúdez
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139789031
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Science by : José Luis Bermúdez

Download or read book Cognitive Science written by José Luis Bermúdez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting textbook introduces students to the dynamic vibrant area of cognitive science - the scientific study of the mind and cognition. Cognitive science draws upon many academic disciplines, including psychology, computer science, philosophy, linguistics and neuroscience. This is the first textbook to present a unified view of cognitive science as a discipline in its own right, with a distinctive approach to studying the mind. Students are introduced to the cognitive scientist's 'toolkit' - the vast range of techniques and tools that cognitive scientists can use to study the mind. The book presents the main theoretical models that cognitive scientists are currently using, and shows how those models are being applied to unlock the mysteries of the human mind. Cognitive Science is replete with examples, illustrations, and applications, and draws on cutting-edge research and new developments to explore both the achievements that cognitive scientists have made, and the challenges that lie ahead.

Language and Thought in Humans and Computers

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Thought in Humans and Computers by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Language and Thought in Humans and Computers written by Morton Wagman and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1998-07-28 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis of current theory and research in the psychological, computational, and neural sciences elucidates the stuctures and processes of language and thought. Chapters discuss language comprehension and artificial intelligence, ARCS system for analogical retrieval, ACME model of analogical mapping, PAULINE, an artificial intelligence system for pragmatic language generation, a theory of understanding of spoken and written text, recent developments and effect of different modes of language representation on the efficiency of information processing. This book will be of interest to professionals and scholars in psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science.