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Human Capital Investments In Children
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Book Synopsis No Small Matter by : Harold Alderman
Download or read book No Small Matter written by Harold Alderman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education is often seen as a fundamental means to improve economic prospects for individuals from low income settings. However, even with increased emphasis on basic education for all, many individuals fail to achieve basic skills to succeed in life. The book presents evidence that one core reason is that by the time a child is old enough to attend school, there is already a wide disparity in cognitive skills and in emotional and behavioral development among children from households of different socioeconomic backgrounds. Low levels of cognitive development in early childhood strongly correlate with low socio-economic status (as measured by wealth and parental education) as well as malnutrition. These disadvantages are often exacerbated by economic crises. Fortunately, however, as documented in this volume, there are programs that have proven effective in promoting a child's development through caregiver-child interaction and stimulation, and with well designed preschool programs. While preschool programs currently cover a modest share of low income children, expansion of such services to at risk populations is a cost-effective means of improving overall educational achievement. Thus, focused preschool programs can serve as a key investment in a strategy to reduce the transmission of poverty from poor parents to their children."
Book Synopsis Parental Investments and Children's Human Capital in Low-to-Middle-Income Countries by : Jere R. Behrman
Download or read book Parental Investments and Children's Human Capital in Low-to-Middle-Income Countries written by Jere R. Behrman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-01 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element reviews what we know about parental investments and children's human capital in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). First, it presents definitions and a simple analytical framework; then discusses determinants of children's human capital in the form of cognitive skills, socioemotional skills and physical and mental health; then reviews estimates of impacts of these forms of human capital; next considers the implications of such estimates for inequality and poverty; and concludes with a summary suggesting some positive impacts of parental investments on children's human capital in LMICs and a discussion of gaps in the literature pertaining to both data and methodology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Human Capital written by Gary S. Becker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse array of factors may influence both earnings and consumption; however, this work primarily focuses on the impact of investments in human capital upon an individual's potential earnings and psychic income. For this study, investments in human capital include such factors as educational level, on-the-job skills training, health care, migration, and consideration of issues regarding regional prices and income. Taking into account varying cultures and political regimes, the research indicates that economic earnings tend to be positively correlated to education and skill level. Additionally, studies indicate an inverse correlation between education and unemployment. Presents a theoretical overview of the types of human capital and the impact of investment in human capital on earnings and rates of return. Then utilizes empirical data and research to analyze the theoretical issues related to investment in human capital, specifically formal education. Considered are such issues as costs and returns of investments, and social and private gains of individuals. The research compares and contrasts these factors based upon both education and skill level. Areas of future research are identified, including further analysis of issues regarding social gains and differing levels of success across different regions and countries. (AKP).
Book Synopsis Human Capital Investments in Children by : Eva Österbacka
Download or read book Human Capital Investments in Children written by Eva Österbacka and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor Market Participation, Human Capital Investments and Children by : Susan Razzaz
Download or read book Labor Market Participation, Human Capital Investments and Children written by Susan Razzaz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Psychological Effects of Poverty on Investments in Children's Human Capital by : Guilherme Lichand
Download or read book The Psychological Effects of Poverty on Investments in Children's Human Capital written by Guilherme Lichand and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty focuses attention on present needs. Does that mean that poor parents respond inefficiently to future returns on investments in their children's human capital - even when they would have the financial means to invest optimally? We study this question in the context of an educational program in Brazil whose predicted child-specific returns are known to the researchers, allowing us to compute optimal decisions. Using a lab-in-the-field experiment to make some parents worry more than others about pressing financial needs, we find that those in the treatment condition offered the opportunity to invest in that program misallocate resources relative to the control group: they not only invest significantly less when the program has high returns, but also, significantly more when predicted returns are low. We show that such inefficient responses are driven by poverty-induced attention misa/Jocation, since (1) parents in the treatment condition perform better in cognitive tests that yield small but immediate returns, and (2) increasing the salience of returns before the experiment eliminates differential responses by those parents. Our results suggest that poiicy instruments to boost human capital investments among the poor, such as credit lines earmarked for education, may be insufficient to spark such investments when returns are high, and even lead to over-investment by those not expected to benefit from it.
Book Synopsis Parental Human Capital Investment in Children in China by : Jie Bian
Download or read book Parental Human Capital Investment in Children in China written by Jie Bian and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Perspectives on Human Capital in Early Childhood Education by : Theodora Lightfoot-Rueda
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Human Capital in Early Childhood Education written by Theodora Lightfoot-Rueda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital theory, developing children as future workers, shapes thinking about early childhood education policy around the globe. International contributors problematize this thinking and offer alternatives.
Book Synopsis Investment in Women's Human Capital by : T. Paul Schultz
Download or read book Investment in Women's Human Capital written by T. Paul Schultz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-06-15 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are human capital investments allocated between women and men? What are the returns to investments in women's nutrition, health care, education, mobility, and training? In thirteen wide-ranging and innovative empirical analyses, Investment in Women's Human Capital explores the nature of human capital distributions to women and their effect on outcomes within the family. Section I considers the experiences of high-income countries, examining the limitations of industrialization for the advancement of women; returns to secondary education for women; and state control of women's education and labor market productivity through the design of tax systems and the public subsidy of children. The remaining four sections investigate health, education, household structure and labor markets, and measurement issues in low-income countries, including the effect of technological change on transfers of wealth to and from children in India; women's and men's responses to the costs of medical care in Kenya; the effects of birth order and sex on educational attainment in Taiwan; wage returns to schooling in Indonesia and in Cote d'Ivoire; and the increasing prevalence of female-headed households and the correlates of gender differences in wages in Brazil.
Book Synopsis Early and Late Human Capital Investments, Borrowing Constraints, and the Family by : Elizabeth M. Caucutt
Download or read book Early and Late Human Capital Investments, Borrowing Constraints, and the Family written by Elizabeth M. Caucutt and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the importance of family borrowing constraints in determining human capital investments in children at early and late ages. We begin by providing new evidence from the Children of the NLSY (CNLSY) which suggests that borrowing constraints bind for at least some families with young children. Next, we develop an intergenerational model of lifecycle human capital accumulation to study the role of early versus late investments in children when credit markets are imperfect. We analytically establish the importance of dynamic complementarity in investment for the qualitative nature of investment responses to income and policy changes. We extend the framework to incorporate dynasties and use data from the CNLSY to calibrate the model. Our benchmark steady state suggests that roughly half of young parents and 12% of old parents are borrowing constrained, while older children are unconstrained. We also identify strong complementarity between early and late investments, suggesting that policies targeted to one stage of development tend to have similar effects on investment in both stages. We use this calibrated model to study the effects of education subsidies, loans and transfers offered at different ages on early and late human capital investments and subsequent earnings in the short-run and long-run. A key lesson is that the interaction between dynamic complementarity and early borrowing constraints means that early interventions tend to be more successful than later interventions at improving human capital outcomes.
Book Synopsis Intrahousehold Allocation and Human Capital Investments in Children in Brazil and Indonesia by : Reinaldo Granja Gregori
Download or read book Intrahousehold Allocation and Human Capital Investments in Children in Brazil and Indonesia written by Reinaldo Granja Gregori and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Capital Investment in the Presence of Child Labor by : Natalie Bau
Download or read book Human Capital Investment in the Presence of Child Labor written by Natalie Bau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policies that improve early life human capital are a promising tool to alter disadvantaged children's lifelong trajectories. Yet, in many low-income countries, children and their parents face tradeoffs between schooling and productive work. If there are positive returns to human capital in child labor, then children who receive greater early life investments may attend less school. Exploiting early life rainfall shocks in India as a source of exogenous variation in early life investment, we show that increased early life investment reduces schooling in districts with high child labor, especially for girls and lower castes. These effects persist and are intergenerational, affecting fertility, per capita household consumption, and other measures of household poverty, and lead to a divergence in the next generations' educational outcomes. Our results are robust to the inclusion of rich controls for district-level characteristics and an IV strategy. We provide evidence that reductions in educational investment in response to positive early life shocks are inefficient.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Investments in Children's Human Capital by :
Download or read book Three Essays on Investments in Children's Human Capital written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Capital Investment in the Presence of Child Labor by : Natalie Bau
Download or read book Human Capital Investment in the Presence of Child Labor written by Natalie Bau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policies that improve early life human capital are a promising tool to alter disadvantaged children's lifelong trajectories. Yet, in many low-income countries, children and their parents face tradeoffs between schooling and productive work. If there are positive returns to human capital in child labor, then children who receive greater early life investments may attend less school. Exploiting early life rainfall shocks in India as a source of exogenous variation in early life investment, we show that increased early life investment reduces schooling in districts with high child labor, especially for girls and lower castes. These effects persist and are intergenerational, affecting fertility, per capita household consumption, and other measures of household poverty, and lead to a divergence in the next generations' educational outcomes. Our results are robust to the inclusion of rich controls for district-level characteristics and an IV strategy. We provide evidence that reductions in educational investment in response to positive early life shocks are inefficient.
Book Synopsis Health and Inequality by : Owen O'Donnell
Download or read book Health and Inequality written by Owen O'Donnell and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains methodological and empirical research on the measurement and causes of health inequality from leading experts in health economics and economic inequality. It is essential reading for researchers working on health inequality and provides an immediate reconnaissance of the frontiers for those entering this exciting field.
Book Synopsis Human Capital Investments by : Nicolas Shungu
Download or read book Human Capital Investments written by Nicolas Shungu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Parental Investments and Children's Human Capital in Low-to-Middle-Income Countries by : Jere R. Behrman
Download or read book Parental Investments and Children's Human Capital in Low-to-Middle-Income Countries written by Jere R. Behrman and published by Elements in Development Econom. This book was released on 2022-12 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element reviews what we know about parental investments and children's human capital in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). First, it presents definitions and a simple analytical framework; then discusses determinants of children's human capital in the form of cognitive skills, socioemotional skills and physical and mental health; then reviews estimates of impacts of these forms of human capital; next considers the implications of such estimates for inequality and poverty; and concludes with a summary suggesting some positive impacts of parental investments on children's human capital in LMICs and a discussion of gaps in the literature pertaining to both data and methodology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
