How The Internet Became Commercial

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How the Internet Became Commercial

Author : Shane Greenstein
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691178399
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis How the Internet Became Commercial by : Shane Greenstein

Download or read book How the Internet Became Commercial written by Shane Greenstein and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In less than a decade, the Internet went from being a series of loosely connected networks used by universities and the military to the powerful commercial engine it is today. This book describes how many of the key innovations that made this possible came from entrepreneurs and iconoclasts who were outside the mainstream—and how the commercialization of the Internet was by no means a foregone conclusion at its outset. Shane Greenstein traces the evolution of the Internet from government ownership to privatization to the commercial Internet we know today. This is a story of innovation from the edges. Greenstein shows how mainstream service providers that had traditionally been leaders in the old-market economy became threatened by innovations from industry outsiders who saw economic opportunities where others didn't—and how these mainstream firms had no choice but to innovate themselves. New models were tried: some succeeded, some failed. Commercial markets turned innovations into valuable products and services as the Internet evolved in those markets. New business processes had to be created from scratch as a network originally intended for research and military defense had to deal with network interconnectivity, the needs of commercial users, and a host of challenges with implementing innovative new services. How the Internet Became Commercial demonstrates how, without any central authority, a unique and vibrant interplay between government and private industry transformed the Internet.

The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet

Author : Jeff Kosseff
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501735780
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet by : Jeff Kosseff

Download or read book The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet written by Jeff Kosseff and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider." Did you know that these twenty-six words are responsible for much of America's multibillion-dollar online industry? What we can and cannot write, say, and do online is based on just one law—a law that protects online services from lawsuits based on user content. Jeff Kosseff exposes the workings of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which has lived mostly in the shadows since its enshrinement in 1996. Because many segments of American society now exist largely online, Kosseff argues that we need to understand and pay attention to what Section 230 really means and how it affects what we like, share, and comment upon every day. The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet tells the story of the institutions that flourished as a result of this powerful statute. It introduces us to those who created the law, those who advocated for it, and those involved in some of the most prominent cases decided under the law. Kosseff assesses the law that has facilitated freedom of online speech, trolling, and much more. His keen eye for the law, combined with his background as an award-winning journalist, demystifies a statute that affects all our lives –for good and for ill. While Section 230 may be imperfect and in need of refinement, Kosseff maintains that it is necessary to foster free speech and innovation. For filings from many of the cases discussed in the book and updates about Section 230, visit jeffkosseff.com

Funding a Revolution

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309062780
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Funding a Revolution by : National Research Council

Download or read book Funding a Revolution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.

Securing the Network

Author : Nathan Gregory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781520155586
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Securing the Network by : Nathan Gregory

Download or read book Securing the Network written by Nathan Gregory and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-25 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial use of the Internet was a new and radical concept! There is much more to the origin of the network than the story of ARPANET. This is the inside story, told by those who were there, of how the highly restricted, government-funded network playground of the government, military, and academia was usurped to create the modern Commercial Internet. This book provides not just the inside story but immense volumes of supporting information, documentation, videos and more. One man with drive and conviction became the visionary who united a collection of scrappy upstart ISPs for the formation of MAE-East, drove the creation of the long-haul Commercial Internet backbone at MFS Datanet, and then became a pioneer of the media-rich streaming data services that came into being at the ill-fated Enron Broadband Services prior to the Dot-com bubble burst in March of 2000. In 1991, the Internet was owned and operated by the National Science Foundation and was strictly limited in the things for which it could be used. In particular, the NSF had an Acceptable Uses Policy, a.k.a. the AUP, which prohibited anything which could be considered personal or commercial usage of the Internet. The NSF was looking to "sell" the Internet to a corporate entity and get out of the operation of the network. Many in the Internet community believed that when IBM teamed with Merit and MCI to form a partnership in a new company, they would win a contract to be this new backbone. Many in the Internet community assumed that if this happened, they would own the Internet and dictate usage just as the NSF had done. They bristled at this prospect. This new Merit/IBM/MCI company was called Advanced Network and Services (ANS) and operated the Internet NOC in Ann Arbor Michigan as part of the venture. Many of the small private Internet providers profoundly disliked ANS. They considered ANS a threat to the openness of the Internet. There was a joke at the time that said "The only thing missing from ANS is U" which appeared on a popular T-Shirt at Interop 1992. Debate raged about who was going to "own" the Internet when the NSF turned off the government-funded backbone. Small IP Services Providers began carrying traffic by interconnecting. From this debate emerged an independent entity beyond the control of the NSF, an interconnection point called MAE-East. From there, the Commercial Internet evolved and grew, and became the Internet we know today. The book "Securing the Network" tells the story of how this happened and the role of myself, many of my friends and co-workers, and especially that of my close friend and business partner F. Scott Yeager. If you use the Internet, work with the Internet, or are just interested in the history of the Internet, you need to read this book. Educate yourself. Buy "Securing the Network" today!

Revolution in the U.S. Information Infrastructure

Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309176328
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolution in the U.S. Information Infrastructure by : National Academy of Engineering

Download or read book Revolution in the U.S. Information Infrastructure written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-06-09 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While societies have always had information infrastructures, the power and reach of today's information technologies offer opportunities to transform work and family lives in an unprecedented fashion. This volume, a collection of six papers presented at the 1994 National Academy of Engineering Meeting Technical Session, presents a range of views on the subject of the revolution in the U.S. information infrastructure. The papers cover a variety of current issues including an overview of the technological developments driving the evolution of information infrastructures and where they will lead; the development of the Internet, particularly the government's role in its evolution; the impact of regulatory reform and antitrust enforcement on the telecommunications revolution; and perspectives from the computer, wireless, and satellite communications industries.

The Tangled Web We Weave

Author : James Ball
Publisher : Melville House
ISBN 13 : 1612199003
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tangled Web We Weave by : James Ball

Download or read book The Tangled Web We Weave written by James Ball and published by Melville House. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all see what the internet does and increasingly don't like it, but do we know how and more importantly who makes it work that way? That's where the real power lays... The internet was supposed to be a thing of revolutions. As that dream curdles, there is no shortage of villains to blame--from tech giants to Russian bot farms. But what if the problem is not an issue of bad actors ruining a good thing? What if the hazards of the internet are built into the system itself? That's what journalist James Ball argues as he takes us to the root of the problem, from the very establishment of the internet's earliest protocols to the cables that wire it together. He shows us how the seemingly abstract and pervasive phenomenon is built on a very real set of materials and rules that are owned, financed, designed and regulated by very real people. In this urgent and necessary book, Ball reveals that the internet is not a neutral force but a massive infrastructure that reflects the society that created it. And making it work for--and not against--us must be an endeavor of the people as well.

Media/Society

Author : David Croteau
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1071819313
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis Media/Society by : David Croteau

Download or read book Media/Society written by David Croteau and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Media/Society: Technology, Industries, Content, and Users helps students understand the relationship between media and society and gets them to think critically about recent media developments.

How the Internet Happened: From Netscape to the iPhone

Author : Brian McCullough
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631493086
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis How the Internet Happened: From Netscape to the iPhone by : Brian McCullough

Download or read book How the Internet Happened: From Netscape to the iPhone written by Brian McCullough and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Library Journal Best Book of the Year Tech-guru Brian McCullough delivers a rollicking history of the internet, why it exploded, and how it changed everything. The internet was never intended for you, opines Brian McCullough in this lively narrative of an era that utterly transformed everything we thought we knew about technology. In How the Internet Happened, he chronicles the whole fascinating story for the first time, beginning in a dusty Illinois basement in 1993, when a group of college kids set off a once-in-an-epoch revolution with what would become the first “dotcom.” Depicting the lives of now-famous innovators like Netscape’s Marc Andreessen and Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg, McCullough also reveals surprising quirks and unknown tales as he tracks both the technology and the culture around the internet’s rise. Cinematic in detail and unprecedented in scope, the result both enlightens and informs as it draws back the curtain on the new rhythm of disruption and innovation the internet fostered, and helps to redefine an era that changed every part of our lives.

Third World Citizens and the Information Technology Revolution

Author : N. Saleh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230114784
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Third World Citizens and the Information Technology Revolution by : N. Saleh

Download or read book Third World Citizens and the Information Technology Revolution written by N. Saleh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the widely-held view that the information technology (IT) revolution has empowered people in the Third World. Tracing the making of the global IT regime, it shows that governments and corporations of the wealthy countries dominated this process, systematically excluding representatives of low-income countries.

Information Rules

Author : Carl Shapiro
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 9780875848631
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Rules by : Carl Shapiro

Download or read book Information Rules written by Carl Shapiro and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the first books to distill the economics of information and networks into practical business strategies, this is a guide to the winning moves that can help business leaders--from writers, lawyers and finance professional to executives in the entertainment, publishing and hardware and software industries-- navigate successfully through the information economy.

Digital Disconnect

Author : Robert W. McChesney
Publisher : New Press, The
ISBN 13 : 1595588914
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Disconnect by : Robert W. McChesney

Download or read book Digital Disconnect written by Robert W. McChesney and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrants and skeptics alike have produced valuable analyses of the Internet's effect on us and our world, oscillating between utopian bliss and dystopian hell. But according to Robert W. McChesney, arguments on both sides fail to address the relationship between economic power and the digital world. McChesney's award-winning Rich Media, Poor Democracy skewered the assumption that a society drenched in commercial information is a democratic one. In Digital Disconnect McChesney returns to this provocative thesis in light of the advances of the digital age, incorporating capitalism into the heart of his analysis. He argues that the sharp decline in the enforcement of antitrust violations, the increase in patents on digital technology and proprietary systems, and other policies and massive indirect subsidies have made the Internet a place of numbing commercialism. A small handful of monopolies now dominate the political economy, from Google, which garners an astonishing 97 percent share of the mobile search market, to Microsoft, whose operating system is used by over 90 percent of the world's computers. This capitalistic colonization of the Internet has spurred the collapse of credible journalism, and made the Internet an unparalleled apparatus for government and corporate surveillance, and a disturbingly anti-democratic force. In Digital Disconnect Robert McChesney offers a groundbreaking analysis and critique of the Internet, urging us to reclaim the democratizing potential of the digital revolution while we still can.

Minitel

Author : Julien Mailland
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262036223
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Minitel by : Julien Mailland

Download or read book Minitel written by Julien Mailland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first scholarly book in English on Minitel, the pioneering French computer network, offers a history of a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. A decade before the Internet became a medium for the masses in the United States, tens of millions of users in France had access to a network for e-mail, e-commerce, chat, research, game playing, blogging, and even an early form of online porn. In 1983, the French government rolled out Minitel, a computer network that achieved widespread adoption in just a few years as the government distributed free terminals to every French telephone subscriber. With this volume, Julien Mailland and Kevin Driscoll offer the first scholarly book in English on Minitel, examining it as both a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. Mailland and Driscoll argue that Minitel was a technical marvel, a commercial success, and an ambitious social experiment. Other early networks may have introduced protocols and software standards that continue to be used today, but Minitel foretold the social effects of widespread telecomputing. They examine the unique balance of forces that enabled the growth of Minitel: public and private, open and closed, centralized and decentralized. Mailland and Driscoll describe Minitel's key technological components, novel online services, and thriving virtual communities. Despite the seemingly tight grip of the state, however, a lively Minitel culture emerged, characterized by spontaneity, imagination, and creativity. After three decades of continuous service, Minitel was shut down in 2012, but the history of Minitel should continue to inform our thinking about Internet policy, today and into the future.

The Age of Surveillance Capitalism

Author : Shoshana Zuboff
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1610395700
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Age of Surveillance Capitalism by : Shoshana Zuboff

Download or read book The Age of Surveillance Capitalism written by Shoshana Zuboff and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenges to humanity posed by the digital future, the first detailed examination of the unprecedented form of power called "surveillance capitalism," and the quest by powerful corporations to predict and control our behavior. In this masterwork of original thinking and research, Shoshana Zuboff provides startling insights into the phenomenon that she has named surveillance capitalism. The stakes could not be higher: a global architecture of behavior modification threatens human nature in the twenty-first century just as industrial capitalism disfigured the natural world in the twentieth. Zuboff vividly brings to life the consequences as surveillance capitalism advances from Silicon Valley into every economic sector. Vast wealth and power are accumulated in ominous new "behavioral futures markets," where predictions about our behavior are bought and sold, and the production of goods and services is subordinated to a new "means of behavioral modification." The threat has shifted from a totalitarian Big Brother state to a ubiquitous digital architecture: a "Big Other" operating in the interests of surveillance capital. Here is the crucible of an unprecedented form of power marked by extreme concentrations of knowledge and free from democratic oversight. Zuboff's comprehensive and moving analysis lays bare the threats to twenty-first century society: a controlled "hive" of total connection that seduces with promises of total certainty for maximum profit -- at the expense of democracy, freedom, and our human future. With little resistance from law or society, surveillance capitalism is on the verge of dominating the social order and shaping the digital future -- if we let it.

Adcreep

Author : Mark Bartholomew
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503602184
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Adcreep by : Mark Bartholomew

Download or read book Adcreep written by Mark Bartholomew and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advertising is everywhere. By some estimates, the average American is exposed to over 3,000 advertisements each day. Whether we realize it or not, "adcreep"—modern marketing's march to create a world where advertising can be expected anywhere and anytime—has come, transforming not just our purchasing decisions, but our relationships, our sense of self, and the way we navigate all spaces, public and private. Adcreep journeys through the curious and sometimes troubling world of modern advertising. Mark Bartholomew exposes an array of marketing techniques that might seem like the stuff of science fiction: neuromarketing, biometric scans, automated online spies, and facial recognition technology, all enlisted to study and stimulate consumer desire. This marriage of advertising and technology has consequences. Businesses wield rich and portable records of consumer preference, delivering advertising tailored to your own idiosyncratic thought processes. They mask their role by using social media to mobilize others, from celebrities to your own relatives, to convey their messages. Guerrilla marketers turn every space into a potential site for a commercial come-on or clandestine market research. Advertisers now know you on a deeper, more intimate level, dramatically tilting the historical balance of power between advertiser and audience. In this world of ubiquitous commercial appeals, consumers and policymakers are numbed to advertising's growing presence. Drawing on a variety of sources, including psychological experiments, marketing texts, communications theory, and historical examples, Bartholomew reveals the consequences of life in a world of non-stop selling. Adcreep mounts a damning critique of the modern American legal system's failure to stem the flow of invasive advertising into our homes, parks, schools, and digital lives.

Potential Impacts and Impediments of Electronic Commerce in Developing Nations

Author : Daniel Kinyanjui
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668460450
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Potential Impacts and Impediments of Electronic Commerce in Developing Nations by : Daniel Kinyanjui

Download or read book Potential Impacts and Impediments of Electronic Commerce in Developing Nations written by Daniel Kinyanjui and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, , language: English, abstract: This paper tries to bring to light the meaning and types of ecommerce and then gives a brief overview of how ecommerce has evolved over time. An attempt has also been made to highlight how successful implementation of ecommerce models could impact the businesses and economies of developing countries as well as the various obstacles that hinder effective implementation and adoption of ecommerce in these countries.

The Second Industrial Revolution

Author : John J. Donovan
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 : 9780137456215
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (562 download)

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Book Synopsis The Second Industrial Revolution by : John J. Donovan

Download or read book The Second Industrial Revolution written by John J. Donovan and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To compete in the 21st century, businesses must reinvent the way they operate, and the way they reach and serve customers. This book shows managers how to use Internet technology to do precisely that.The Second Industrial Revolution begins by outlining the need for dramatic business change, and demonstrating how Internet technologies are ideally suited to support managers as they make these changes. Learn how to do business on the Internet, securely and profitably -- and how to use today's intranet technologies to dramatically improve the way your organization communicates internally. Walk through case studies to see how businesses are using Internet technology to reinvent themselves right now. Consider today's Internet technology landscape, the strategies of leading players in this market, and the likely evolution of the Internet. Finally, learn how to initiate the cultural changes your organization will need to succeed with Internet technologies -- and how to see those changes through.All managers, in both the private and public sector.

The Velvet Rope Economy

Author : Nelson D. Schwartz
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0385543093
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

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Book Synopsis The Velvet Rope Economy by : Nelson D. Schwartz

Download or read book The Velvet Rope Economy written by Nelson D. Schwartz and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From New York Times business reporter Nelson D. Schwartz comes a gripping investigation of how a virtual velvet rope divides Americans in every arena of life, creating a friction-free existence for those with money on one side and a Darwinian struggle for the middle class on the other side. In nearly every realm of daily life--from health care to education, highways to home security--there is an invisible velvet rope that divides how Americans live. On one side of the rope, for a price, red tape is cut, lines are jumped, appointments are secured, and doors are opened. On the other side, middle- and working-class Americans fight to find an empty seat on the plane, a place in line with their kids at the amusement park, a college acceptance, or a hospital bed. We are all aware of the gap between the rich and everyone else, but when we weren't looking, business innovators stepped in to exploit it, shifting services away from the masses and finding new ways to profit by serving the privileged. And as decision-makers and corporate leaders increasingly live on the friction-free side of the velvet rope, they are less inclined to change--or even notice--the obstacles everyone else must contend with. Schwartz's "must read" book takes us on a behind-the-scenes tour of this new reality and shows the toll the velvet rope divide takes on society.