Horse Chariots And Indo Europeans

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Horses, Chariots, and Indo-Europeans

Author : Peter Raulwing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789638046260
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Horses, Chariots, and Indo-Europeans by : Peter Raulwing

Download or read book Horses, Chariots, and Indo-Europeans written by Peter Raulwing and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horses, Chariots and Indo-Europeans have attracted several generations of scholars of various academic disciplines. Analyzing descriptions of horses, chariots, warfare and chariot-racing in the Rigveda, the classical, Celtic and other Indo-European sources documented from the second millennium BC onwards, scholars have even assumed a close relationship between Proto-Indo-Europeans, the horse and the chariot. According to this view the Hittites, Indo-Aryans and Greeks used their chariots for invading the Near East, Greece and other parts of the ancient world; some scholars are convinced that the chariot was the most important weapon of the Indo-European invaders. The present study attempts to examine the current state of Indo-European Linguistics regarding the problem of the origin, definition, the technological development and the function of the chariot. This includes an application of elaborated methodological principles on the hypothesis of a Proto-Indo-European chariot and an analysis of the archaeological remains. In a special chapter (Further Reading) studies on Horses, Chariots and Indo-Europeans are structured by topics; those relevant for the outlined purpose have been commented. The bibliography contains the most important interdisciplinary studies relating to Indo- European Linguistics and Ancient Near Eastern chariotry research.The result of the present study is that the hypothesis of a Proto-Indo-European chariot cannot be sustained by means of comparative linguistics. This outcome corresponds to the interpretation of the archaeological data: the light, horse-drawn, spoked-wheeled war chariot is an exclusive development of the Ancient Near Eastern city states in the second millennium BC. Only there we do find the textual and archaeological evidence for the logistical, economical and sociological background. In this light, the contribution of Indo- Europeans to the development and spread of the chariot must be discussed anew.

Horse, Chariots and Indo-Europeans

Author : Peter Raulwing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Horse, Chariots and Indo-Europeans by : Peter Raulwing

Download or read book Horse, Chariots and Indo-Europeans written by Peter Raulwing and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language

Author : David W. Anthony
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400831105
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by : David W. Anthony

Download or read book The Horse, the Wheel, and Language written by David W. Anthony and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roughly half the world's population speaks languages derived from a shared linguistic source known as Proto-Indo-European. But who were the early speakers of this ancient mother tongue, and how did they manage to spread it around the globe? Until now their identity has remained a tantalizing mystery to linguists, archaeologists, and even Nazis seeking the roots of the Aryan race. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language lifts the veil that has long shrouded these original Indo-European speakers, and reveals how their domestication of horses and use of the wheel spread language and transformed civilization. Linking prehistoric archaeological remains with the development of language, David Anthony identifies the prehistoric peoples of central Eurasia's steppe grasslands as the original speakers of Proto-Indo-European, and shows how their innovative use of the ox wagon, horseback riding, and the warrior's chariot turned the Eurasian steppes into a thriving transcontinental corridor of communication, commerce, and cultural exchange. He explains how they spread their traditions and gave rise to important advances in copper mining, warfare, and patron-client political institutions, thereby ushering in an era of vibrant social change. Anthony also describes his fascinating discovery of how the wear from bits on ancient horse teeth reveals the origins of horseback riding. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language solves a puzzle that has vexed scholars for two centuries--the source of the Indo-European languages and English--and recovers a magnificent and influential civilization from the past.

Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe

Author : Robert Drews
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351982427
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe by : Robert Drews

Download or read book Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe written by Robert Drews and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contends that Indo-European languages came to Greece, central Europe, southern Scandinavia and northern Italy no earlier than ca. 1600 BC, brought by the first military men whom Europeans had seen. That the Greek, Keltic, Italic and Germanic sub-groups of Indo-European originated in the middle of the second millennium BC is a controversial idea. Most Indo-Europeanists date the origin a thousand years earlier, and some archaeologists would place it before 5000 BC, as agriculture spread through Europe. Here Robert Drews argues that the Indo-European languages came into Europe via military conquests, and that militarism – a man’s pride in his weapons and in his status as a warrior - began with the employment of horse-drawn chariots in battle.

Tracing the Indo-Europeans

Author : Birgit Anette Olsen
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1789252733
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Tracing the Indo-Europeans by : Birgit Anette Olsen

Download or read book Tracing the Indo-Europeans written by Birgit Anette Olsen and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2019-08-23 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in aDNA has reshaped our understanding of later European prehistory, and at the same time also opened up for more fruitful collaborations between archaeologists and historical linguists. Two revolutionary genetic studies, published independently in Nature, 2015, showed that prehistoric Europe underwent two successive waves of migration, one from Anatolia consistent with the introduction of agriculture, and a later influx from the Pontic-Caspian steppes which without any reasonable doubt pinpoints the archaeological Yamnaya complex as the cradle of (Core-)Indo-European languages. Now, for the first time, when the preliminaries are clear, it is possible for the fields of genetics, archaeology and historical linguistics to cooperate in a constructive fashion to refine our knowledge of the Indo-European homeland, migrations, society and language. For the historical-comparative linguists, this opens up a wealth of exciting perspectives and new working fields in the intersections between linguistics and neighbouring disciplines, for the archaeologists and geneticists, on the other hand, the linguistic contributions help to endow the material findings with a voice from the past. The present selection of papers illustrate the importance of an open interdisciplinary discussion which will gradually help us in our quest of Tracing the Indo-Europeans.

Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans

Author : Thomas V. Gamkrelidze
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110815036
Total Pages : 1272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans by : Thomas V. Gamkrelidze

Download or read book Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans written by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Gamkrelidze and Ivanov’s wide-ranging and interdisciplinary work, superbly translated from Russian, is a must for every student of Indo-European prehistory. Its erudition is unsurpassed, and its unorthodox conclusions are a continuing challenge.” Prof. Dr. Martin Haspelmath, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie

Indo-European Poetry and Myth

Author : M. L. West
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191565407
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Indo-European Poetry and Myth by : M. L. West

Download or read book Indo-European Poetry and Myth written by M. L. West and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-11-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indo-Europeans, speakers of the prehistoric parent language from which most European and some Asiatic languages are descended, most probably lived on the Eurasian steppes some five or six thousand years ago. Martin West investigates their traditional mythologies, religions, and poetries, and points to elements of common heritage. In The East Face of Helicon (1997), West showed the extent to which Homeric and other early Greek poetry was influenced by Near Eastern traditions, mainly non-Indo-European. His new book presents a foil to that work by identifying elements of more ancient, Indo-European heritage in the Greek material. Topics covered include the status of poets and poetry in Indo-European societies; metre, style, and diction; gods and other supernatural beings, from Father Sky and Mother Earth to the Sun-god and his beautiful daughter, the Thunder-god and other elemental deities, and earthly orders such as Nymphs and Elves; the forms of hymns, prayers, and incantations; conceptions about the world, its origin, mankind, death, and fate; the ideology of fame and of immortalization through poetry; the typology of the king and the hero; the hero as warrior, and the conventions of battle narrative.

In Search of the Indo-Europeans

Author : J. P. Mallory
Publisher : Thames & Hudson
ISBN 13 : 9780500050521
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis In Search of the Indo-Europeans by : J. P. Mallory

Download or read book In Search of the Indo-Europeans written by J. P. Mallory and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 1989 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language

Author : David Anthony
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by : David Anthony

Download or read book The Horse, the Wheel, and Language written by David Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roughly half the world's population speaks languages derived from a shared linguistic source known as Proto-Indo-European. But who were the early speakers of this ancient mother tongue, and how did they manage to spread it around the globe? Until now their identity has remained a tantalizing mystery to linguists, archaeologists, and even Nazis seeking the roots of the Aryan race. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language lifts the veil that has long shrouded these original Indo-European speakers, and reveals how their domestication of horses and use of the wheel spread language and transformed civilization. Linking prehistoric archaeological remains with the development of language, David Anthony identifies the prehistoric peoples of central Eurasia's steppe grasslands as the original speakers of Proto-Indo-European, and shows how their innovative use of the ox wagon, horseback riding, and the warrior's chariot turned the Eurasian steppes into a thriving transcontinental corridor of communication, commerce, and cultural exchange. He explains how they spread their traditions and gave rise to important advances in copper mining, warfare, and patron-client political institutions, thereby ushering in an era of vibrant social change. Anthony also describes his fascinating discovery of how the wear from bits on ancient horse teeth reveals the origins of horseback riding. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language solves a puzzle that has vexed scholars for two centuries--the source of the Indo-European languages and English--and recovers a magnificent and influential civilization from the past.

The Indo-Europeans

Author : Jean-Paul Demoule
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019750647X
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Indo-Europeans by : Jean-Paul Demoule

Download or read book The Indo-Europeans written by Jean-Paul Demoule and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of an Indo-European linguistic family, allowing for the fact that several languages widely dispersed across Eurasia share numerous traits, has been demonstrated for several centuries now. But the underlying factors for this shared heritage have been fiercely debated by linguists, historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists. The leading theory, of which countless variations exist, argues that this similarity is best explained by the existence, at one given point in time and space, of a common language and corresponding population. This ancient, prehistoric, population would then have diffused across Eurasia, eventually leading to the variation observed in historical and modern times. The Indo-Europeans: Archaeology, Language, Race, and the Search for the Origins of the West argues that despite its acceptance and use by most researchers from different disciplines, such a model is inherently flawed. This book describes how, beginning in the late eighteenth century, Europeans began a quest for a supposed original homeland, from which a small conquering people would one day spread out, bringing their language to Europe and parts of Asia (India, Iran, Afghanistan). This quest was often closely tied to ideological preoccupations and it was in its name that the Nazi leadership, claiming for the Germans the status of the purest Indo-Europeans (or Aryans), waged genocide. The last part of the book summarizes the current state of knowledge and current hypotheses in the fields of linguistics, archaeology, comparative mythology, and genetics. The culmination of three decades of research, this book offers a sweeping survey of the historiography of the Indo-European debate and poses a devastating challenge to the Indo-European origin story at its roots.

On the Trail of the Indo-Europeans: From Neolithic Steppe Nomads to Early Civilisations

Author : Harald Haarmann
Publisher : marixverlag
ISBN 13 : 384380656X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Trail of the Indo-Europeans: From Neolithic Steppe Nomads to Early Civilisations by : Harald Haarmann

Download or read book On the Trail of the Indo-Europeans: From Neolithic Steppe Nomads to Early Civilisations written by Harald Haarmann and published by marixverlag. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 3000 years, Indo-European languages have been spoken from India through Persia and into Europe. Where are the origins of this language family? How and when did its different linguistic branches emerge? The renowned historical linguist Harald Haarmann provides a graphic account of what we know today about the origins of Indo-European languages and cultures and how they came to be so widely disseminated. In this impressive study, he succeeds in drawing connections between linguistic findings, archaeological discoveries and the latest research into human genetics and climate history. In addition to linguistic affinities, he shows the economic, social and religious concepts that the early speakers of Indo-European languages had in common all the way from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Indus. Particular attention is devoted to the processes of assimilation with pre-Indo-European languages and civilisations. The result is a fascinating panorama of early "Indo-European globalisation" from the end of the last ice age to the early civilisations in Greece, Italy, Asia Minor, Persia and India.

Indo-European and Indo-Europeans

Author : George Cardona
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 1512801208
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Indo-European and Indo-Europeans by : George Cardona

Download or read book Indo-European and Indo-Europeans written by George Cardona and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-two internationally known linguists, anthropologists, and archaeologists discuss such questions as the original home of the Indo-Europeans, their migration, religiomythic beliefs, and legal customs in the most comprehensive treatment of Indo-European culture in recent times.

The Coming of the Greeks

Author : Robert Drews
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691186588
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Coming of the Greeks by : Robert Drews

Download or read book The Coming of the Greeks written by Robert Drews and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When did the Indo-Europeans enter the lands that they occupied during historical times? And, more specifically, when did the Greeks come to Greece? Robert Drews brings together the evidence--historical, linguistic, and archaeological--to tackle these important questions.

The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited

Author : Kristian Kristiansen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009261746
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited by : Kristian Kristiansen

Download or read book The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited written by Kristian Kristiansen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indo-European dispersal inalterably shaped the Eurasian linguistic landscape. This book offers the newest insights into this dramatic prehistoric event.

People of Ancient Assyria

Author : Jørgen Læssøe
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317602625
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis People of Ancient Assyria by : Jørgen Læssøe

Download or read book People of Ancient Assyria written by Jørgen Læssøe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was Assyria merely a more brutal, more uncivilized and less interesting offshoot of the culture created by Sumerians and Babylonians in Southern Mesopotamia at the dawn of history? Do the Assyrian reliefs that fill our museums give a complete picture of the phenomenon that was Assyria? Was the contribution of this people to world culture merely an incredibly effective military organization? The answers to these questions are sought here in this detailed book from 1963, referring to personal documents of the time, in the letters Assyrians wrote to one another rather than in the annals of the rulers.

Empires of the Silk Road

Author : Christopher I. Beckwith
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691135894
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Empires of the Silk Road by : Christopher I. Beckwith

Download or read book Empires of the Silk Road written by Christopher I. Beckwith and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-05 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first complete history of Central Eurasia from ancient times to the present day, Empires of the Silk Road represents a fundamental rethinking of the origins, history, and significance of this major world region. Christopher Beckwith describes the rise and fall of the great Central Eurasian empires, including those of the Scythians, Attila the Hun, the Turks and Tibetans, and Genghis Khan and the Mongols. In addition, he explains why the heartland of Central Eurasia led the world economically, scientifically, and artistically for many centuries despite invasions by Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Chinese, and others. In retelling the story of the Old World from the perspective of Central Eurasia, Beckwith provides a new understanding of the internal and external dynamics of the Central Eurasian states and shows how their people repeatedly revolutionized Eurasian civilization. Beckwith recounts the Indo-Europeans' migration out of Central Eurasia, their mixture with local peoples, and the resulting development of the Graeco-Roman, Persian, Indian, and Chinese civilizations; he details the basis for the thriving economy of premodern Central Eurasia, the economy's disintegration following the region's partition by the Chinese and Russians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the damaging of Central Eurasian culture by Modernism; and he discusses the significance for world history of the partial reemergence of Central Eurasian nations after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Empires of the Silk Road places Central Eurasia within a world historical framework and demonstrates why the region is central to understanding the history of civilization.

The Horse

Author : Timothy C. Winegard
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 073524278X
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis The Horse by : Timothy C. Winegard

Download or read book The Horse written by Timothy C. Winegard and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2024-07-30 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From New York Times bestselling author of The Mosquito, the incredible story of how the horse shaped human history Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is an epic history unlike any other. Its story begins more than 5,500 years ago on the windswept grasslands of the Eurasian Steppe; when one human tamed one horse, an unbreakable bond was forged and the future of humanity was instantly rewritten, placing the reins of destiny firmly in human hands. Since that pivotal day, the horse has carried the history of civilizations on its powerful back. For millennia it was the primary mode of transportation, an essential farming machine, a steadfast companion, and a formidable weapon of war. Possessing a unique combination of size, speed, strength, and stamina, the horse dominated every facet of human life and shaped the very scope of human ambition. And we still live among its galloping shadows. Horses revolutionized the way we hunted, traded, traveled, farmed, fought, worshipped, and interacted. They fundamentally reshaped the human genome and the world’s linguistic map. They determined international borders, molded cultures, fueled economies, and built global superpowers. They decided the destinies of conquerors and empires. And they were vectors of lethal disease and contributed to lifesaving medical innovations. Horses even inspired architecture, invention, furniture, and fashion. From the thundering cavalry charges of Alexander the Great to the streets of New York during the Great Manure Crisis of 1894 and beyond, horses have shaped both the grand arc of history and our everyday lives. Driven by fascinating revelations and fast-paced storytelling, The Horse is a riveting narrative of this noble animal’s unrivaled and enduring reign across human history. To know the horse is to understand the world.