Holy Legionary Youth

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Holy Legionary Youth

Author : Roland Clark
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801456339
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Holy Legionary Youth by : Roland Clark

Download or read book Holy Legionary Youth written by Roland Clark and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founded in 1927, Romania’s Legion of the Archangel Michael was one of Europe’s largest and longest-lived fascist social movements. In Holy Legionary Youth, Roland Clark draws on oral histories, memoirs, and substantial research in the archives of the Romanian secret police to provide the most comprehensive account of the Legion in English to date. Clark approaches Romanian fascism by asking what membership in the Legion meant to young Romanian men and women. Viewing fascism "from below," as a social category that had practical consequences for those who embraced it, he shows how the personal significance of fascism emerged out of Legionaries’ interactions with each other, the state, other political parties, families and friends, and fascist groups abroad. Official repression, fascist spectacle, and the frequency and nature of legionary activities changed a person’s everyday activities and relationships in profound ways. Clark’s sweeping history traces fascist organizing in interwar Romania to nineteenth-century grassroots nationalist movements that demanded political independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also shows how closely the movement was associated with the Romanian Orthodox Church and how the uniforms, marches, and rituals were inspired by the muscular, martial aesthetic of fascism elsewhere in Europe. Although antisemitism was a key feature of official fascist ideology, state violence against Legionaries rather than the extensive fascist violence against Jews had a far greater impact on how Romanians viewed the movement and their role in it. Approaching fascism in interwar Romania as an everyday practice, Holy Legionary Youth offers a new perspective on European fascism, highlighting how ordinary people "performed" fascism by working together to promote a unique and totalizing social identity.

Holy Legionary Youth

Author : Roland Clark
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801456347
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Holy Legionary Youth by : Roland Clark

Download or read book Holy Legionary Youth written by Roland Clark and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founded in 1927, Romania’s Legion of the Archangel Michael was one of Europe’s largest and longest-lived fascist social movements. In Holy Legionary Youth, Roland Clark draws on oral histories, memoirs, and substantial research in the archives of the Romanian secret police to provide the most comprehensive account of the Legion in English to date. Clark approaches Romanian fascism by asking what membership in the Legion meant to young Romanian men and women. Viewing fascism "from below," as a social category that had practical consequences for those who embraced it, he shows how the personal significance of fascism emerged out of Legionaries’ interactions with each other, the state, other political parties, families and friends, and fascist groups abroad. Official repression, fascist spectacle, and the frequency and nature of legionary activities changed a person’s everyday activities and relationships in profound ways. Clark’s sweeping history traces fascist organizing in interwar Romania to nineteenth-century grassroots nationalist movements that demanded political independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also shows how closely the movement was associated with the Romanian Orthodox Church and how the uniforms, marches, and rituals were inspired by the muscular, martial aesthetic of fascism elsewhere in Europe. Although antisemitism was a key feature of official fascist ideology, state violence against Legionaries rather than the extensive fascist violence against Jews had a far greater impact on how Romanians viewed the movement and their role in it. Approaching fascism in interwar Romania as an everyday practice, Holy Legionary Youth offers a new perspective on European fascism, highlighting how ordinary people "performed" fascism by working together to promote a unique and totalizing social identity.

From Peoples into Nations

Author : John Connelly
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691189188
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis From Peoples into Nations by : John Connelly

Download or read book From Peoples into Nations written by John Connelly and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping narrative history of Eastern Europe from the late eighteenth century to today In the 1780s, the Habsburg monarch Joseph II decreed that henceforth German would be the language of his realm. His intention was to forge a unified state from his vast and disparate possessions, but his action had the opposite effect, catalyzing the emergence of competing nationalisms among his Hungarian, Czech, and other subjects, who feared that their languages and cultures would be lost. In this sweeping narrative history of Eastern Europe since the late eighteenth century, John Connelly connects the stories of the region's diverse peoples, telling how, at a profound level, they have a shared understanding of the past. An ancient history of invasion and migration made the region into a cultural landscape of extraordinary variety, a patchwork in which Slovaks, Bosnians, and countless others live shoulder to shoulder and where calls for national autonomy often have had bloody effects among the interwoven ethnicities. Connelly traces the rise of nationalism in Polish, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman lands; the creation of new states after the First World War and their later absorption by the Nazi Reich and the Soviet Bloc; the reemergence of democracy and separatist movements after the collapse of communism; and the recent surge of populist politics throughout the region. Because of this common experience of upheaval, East Europeans are people with an acute feeling for the precariousness of history: they know that nations are not eternal, but come and go; sometimes they disappear. From Peoples into Nations tells their story.

Romania's Holy War

Author : Grant T. Harward
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501759973
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Romania's Holy War by : Grant T. Harward

Download or read book Romania's Holy War written by Grant T. Harward and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romania's Holy War rights the widespread myth that Romania was a reluctant member of the Axis during World War II. In correcting this fallacy, Grant T. Harward shows that, of an estimated 300,000 Jews who perished in Romania and Romanian-occupied Ukraine, more than 64,000 were, in fact, killed by Romanian soldiers. Moreover, the Romanian Army conducted a brutal campaign in German-occupied Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war, partisans, and civilians. Investigating why Romanian soldiers fought and committed such atrocities, Harward argues that strong ideology—a cocktail of nationalism, religion, antisemitism, and anticommunism—undergirded their motivation. Romania's Holy War draws on official military records, wartime periodicals, soldiers' diaries and memoirs, subsequent war crimes investigations, and recent interviews with veterans to tell the full story. Harward integrates the Holocaust into the narrative of military operations to show that most soldiers fully supported the wartime dictator, General Ion Antonescu, and his regime's holy war against "Judeo-Bolshevism." The army perpetrated mass reprisals, targeting Jews in liberated Romanian territory; supported the deportation and concentration of Jews in camps or ghettos in Romanian-occupied Soviet territory; and played a key supporting role in SS efforts to exterminate Jews in German-occupied Soviet territory. Harward proves that Romania became Nazi Germany's most important ally in the war against the USSR because its soldiers were highly motivated, thus overturning much of what we thought we knew about this theater of war. Romania's Holy War provides the first complete history of why Romanian soldiers fought on the Eastern Front.

The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands

Author : Mihai I Poliec
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429561261
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands by : Mihai I Poliec

Download or read book The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands written by Mihai I Poliec and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-14 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the changing role which ordinary members of society played in the state-sponsored persecution of the Jews in Bukovina and Bessarabia, both during the summer of 1941, when Romania joined the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, and beyond. It establishes different patterns of civilian complicity and discusses the significance of the phenomenon in the context of the exterminatory campaign pursued by the Romanian military authorities against the Jews living in the borderlands.

Children of the Night

Author : Paul Kenyon
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789543150
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (895 download)

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Book Synopsis Children of the Night by : Paul Kenyon

Download or read book Children of the Night written by Paul Kenyon and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vivid, brilliant, darkly humorous and horrifying history of some of the strangest dictators that Europe has ever seen. 'A witty and page-turning narrative full of grotesque characters' Misha Glenny 'Will leave you astonished, exhausted and curious... An unapologetic page turner' Spectator 'Essential reading for anyone interested in Romania past and present' John Simpson 'An engaging introduction to the rich history [of Romania]' New Statesman Balanced precariously on the shifting fault line between East and West, Romania's past is one of the great untold stories of modern Europe. The country that gave us Vlad Dracula, and whose citizens consider themselves descendants of ancient Rome, has traditionally preferred the status of enigmatic outsider. But it has experienced some of the most disastrous leaderships of the last century. After a relatively benign period led by a dutiful King and his vivacious British-born Queen, the country oscillated wildly. Its interwar rulers form a gallery of bizarre characters: the corrupt and mentally unbalanced King Carol; the fascist death cult led by Corneliu Codreanu; the vain General Ion Antonescu. After 1945 power was handed to Romania's tiny communist party, under which it experienced severe repression, purges and collectivisation. Then in 1965, Nicolae Ceau?escu came to power. And thus began the strangest dictatorship of all.

Children of Communism

Author : Sándor Horváth
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253059704
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Children of Communism by : Sándor Horváth

Download or read book Children of Communism written by Sándor Horváth and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2022-03 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the sun set on June 8, 1969, a group of teenagers gathered near a massive tree in a main square of Budapest to mourn the untimely death of Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones. By the end of the evening, sirens blared, teens were interrogated, and the myth of the most notorious juvenile gang in Budapest was born. The origin of the Great Tree Gang became an elaborately cultivated morality tale of the dangers posed by allegedly rebellious youths to the conformity of communist communities. In time, governments across Cold War Europe manufactured similar stories about the threats posed by groups of unruly adolescents. In Children of Communism, Sándor Horváth explores this youth counterculture in the Eastern Bloc, how young people there imagined the West, and why this generation proved so crucial to communist identity politics. He not only reveals how communism shaped youth culture, but also how young people shaped official policy. A fascinating read on the power of youth protest, Children of Communism shows what life was like for the first generation to have been born under communism and how one evening spent grieving rock and roll under a tree forever changed lives.

Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe

Author : Marco Bresciani
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000332578
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe by : Marco Bresciani

Download or read book Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe written by Marco Bresciani and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features a broad range of thematic and national case studies which explore the interrelations and confrontations between conservatives and the radical Right in the European and global contexts of the interwar years. It investigates the political, social, cultural, and economic issues that conservatives and radicals tried to address and solve in the aftermaths of the Great War. Conservative forces ended up prevailing over far-right forces in the 1920s, with the notable exception of the Fascist regime in Italy. But over the course of the 1930s, and the ascent of the Nazi regime in Germany, political radicalisation triggered both competition and hybridisation between conservative and right-wing radical forces, with increased power for far-right and fascist movements. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics, history, fascism, and Nazism.

The Holy Promise to Honor My USA

Author : Nicholas Carlson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781492741749
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (417 download)

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Book Synopsis The Holy Promise to Honor My USA by : Nicholas Carlson

Download or read book The Holy Promise to Honor My USA written by Nicholas Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2013-09-15 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book with very much content - it is a lifestory in a way - I was in the Foreign Legion as a youth 20 years old - it's the story about that but also about my life generally and a honor to my "homecountry" the USA and a longing to live in the USA

European Fascist Movements

Author : Roland Clark
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000869334
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis European Fascist Movements by : Roland Clark

Download or read book European Fascist Movements written by Roland Clark and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a fresh and original collection of primary sources on interwar European fascist movements. These sources reflect new approaches to fascism that emphasise the practical, transnational experience of fascism as a social movement, contextualising ideological statements within the historical moments they were produced. Divided into 18 geographically based chapters, contributors draw together the history of various fascist and right-wing movements, selecting sources that reflect themes such as transnational ties, aesthetics, violence, female activism, and the instrumentalisation of race, gender, and religion. Each chapter provides a chronological, narrative account of movements interspersed with complete primary sources, from political speeches, internal movement circulars and articles, police reports, oral history, songs and music, photographs, artworks, poetry, and anti-fascist sources. The volume as a whole seeks to introduce readers to the diversity of fascist groups across the continent, to show how fascist groups were constituted through social bonds, rather than around fixed ideologies, and to capture the inexperience and ad hoc character of early fascist groups. With an Introduction that explains the volume’s theoretical approach and elaborates on the chronology of European fascism, this is the perfect sourcebook for any student of Modern European history and politics. The book is accompanied by a free app, available for download for iOS and Android from: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/it/app-directory/fascistmovements/ You can use the app to identify places where fascist groups were active during the 1920s and 1930s, and to get a glimpse of what life was like during ‘the age of fascism’. The app includes interactive maps, descriptions of 76 points of interest, and images for each point of interest.

Quotas

Author : Michael L. Miller
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1805395297
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Quotas by : Michael L. Miller

Download or read book Quotas written by Michael L. Miller and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2024-05-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1920, the Hungarian parliament introduced a Jewish quota for university admissions, making Hungary the first country in Europe to pass antisemitic legislation following World War I. Quotas explores the ideologies and practices of quota regimes and the ways quotas have been justified, implemented, challenged, and remembered from the late nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century. In particular, the volume focuses on Central and Eastern Europe, with chapters covering the origins of quotas, the moral, legal, and political arguments developed by their supporters and opponents, and the social and personal impact of these attempts to limit access to higher education.

Capitalism in Chaos

Author : Máté Rigó
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501764667
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Capitalism in Chaos by : Máté Rigó

Download or read book Capitalism in Chaos written by Máté Rigó and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capitalism in Chaos explores an often-overlooked consequence and paradox of the First World War—the prosperity of business elites and bankers in service of the war effort during the destruction of capital and wealth by belligerent armies. This study of business life amid war and massive geopolitical changes follows industrialists and policymakers in Central Europe as the region became crucially important for German and subsequently French plans of economic and geopolitical expansion in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Based on extensive research in sixteen archives, five languages, and four states, Máté Rigó demonstrates that wartime destruction and the birth of "war millionaires" were two sides of the same coin. Despite the recent centenaries of the Great War and the Versailles peace treaties, knowledge of the overall impact of war and border changes on business life remains sporadic, based on scant statistics and misleading national foci. Consequently, most histories remain wedded to the viewpoint of national governments and commercial connections across national borders. Capitalism in Chaos changes the static historical perspective by presenting Europe's East as the economic engine of the continent. Rigó accomplishes this paradigm shift by focusing on both supranational regions—including East-Central and Western Europe—as well as the eastern and western peripheries of Central Europe, Alsace-Lorraine and Transylvania, from the 1870s until the 1920s. As a result, Capitalism in Chaos offers a concrete, lively history of economics during major world crises, with a contemporary consciousness toward inequality and disparity during a time of collapse.

Forging Germans

Author : Caroline Mezger
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192590464
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Forging Germans by : Caroline Mezger

Download or read book Forging Germans written by Caroline Mezger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forging Germans explores the German nationalization and eventual National Socialist radicalization of ethnic Germans in the Batschka and the Western Banat, two multiethnic, post-Habsburg borderland territories currently in northern Serbia. Deploying a comparative approach, Caroline Mezger investigates the experiences of ethnic German children and youth in interwar Yugoslavia and under Hungarian and German occupation during World War II, as local and Third Reich cultural, religious, political, and military organizations wrestled over young people's national (self-) identification and loyalty. Ethnic German children and youth targeted by these nationalization endeavors moved beyond being the objects of nationalist activism to become agents of nationalization themselves, as they actively negotiated, redefined, proselytized, lived, and died for the "Germanness" ascribed to them. Interweaving original oral history interviews, untapped archival materials from Germany, Hungary, and Serbia, and diverse historical press sources, Forging Germans provides incisive insight into the experiences and memories of one of Europe's most contested wartime demographics, probing the relationship between larger historical circumstances and individual agency and subjectivity.

Secrets, Lies, and Consequences

Author : Bruce Lincoln
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197689108
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Secrets, Lies, and Consequences by : Bruce Lincoln

Download or read book Secrets, Lies, and Consequences written by Bruce Lincoln and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-12 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tale of a legendary scholar, an unsolved murder, and the mysterious documents that may connect them In early 1991, Ioan Culianu was on the precipice of a brilliant academic career. Culianu had fled his native Romania and established himself as a widely admired scholar at just forty-one years of age. He was teaching at the University of Chicago Divinity School where he was seen as the heir apparent to his mentor, Mircea Eliade, a fellow Romanian expatriate and the founding father of the field of religious studies, who had died a few years earlier. But then Culianu began to receive threatening messages. As his fears grew, he asked a colleague to hold onto some papers for safekeeping. A week later, Culianu was in a Divinity School men's room when someone fired a bullet into the back of his head, killing him instantly. The case was never solved, though the prevailing theory is that Culianu was targeted by the Romanian secret police as a result of critical articles he wrote after the fall of dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. What was in those mysterious papers? And what connection might they have to Culianu's death? The papers eventually passed into the hands of Bruce Lincoln, and their story is at the heart of this book. The documents were English translations of articles that Eliade had written in the 1930s, some of which voiced Eliade's support for the Iron Guard, Romania's virulently anti-Semitic mystical fascist movement. Culianu had sought to publish some of these articles but encountered fierce resistance from Eliade's widow. In this book, author Bruce Lincoln explores what the articles reveal about Eliade's past, his subsequent efforts to conceal that past, his complex relations with Culianu, and the possible motives for Culianu's shocking murder.

Emotions and Everyday Nationalism in Modern European History

Author : Andreas Stynen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429756488
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Emotions and Everyday Nationalism in Modern European History by : Andreas Stynen

Download or read book Emotions and Everyday Nationalism in Modern European History written by Andreas Stynen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines how ideas of the nation influenced ordinary people, by focusing on their affective lives. Using a variety of sources, methods and cases, ranging from Spain during the age of Revolutions to post-World War II Poland, it demonstrates that emotions are integral to understanding the everyday pull of nationalism on ordinary people.

Towards A Jurisprudence of State Communism

Author : Cosmin Cercel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134843240
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards A Jurisprudence of State Communism by : Cosmin Cercel

Download or read book Towards A Jurisprudence of State Communism written by Cosmin Cercel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than twenty-five years after the collapse of the Socialist bloc, the nature of the regimes in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1989 continues to evade the attempts of political theorists and scholars of post-communism to define and classify them. Drawing on philosophical inquiry, jurisprudential analysis and intellectual history, this book traces the impact of communist ideology and practice on legal thought: from its critical roots in the midst of the nineteenth century to its reactionary stand in the later years of the twentieth. Exploring how the communist experience – both in its revolutionary and authoritarian guises – has been articulated within the legal theoretical field, the book addresses two central theoretical lacunae fostered by the historiography of authoritarianism in Central and Eastern Europe: the status of law, and its relationship to the broader ideological framework legitimising authoritarian regimes. Moving beyond the limits of the contemporary discourse on communism – particularly as it is channelled through transitional justice and memory studies – Cosmin Cercel develops a theoretical framework that is able to uncover law’s complicity with the extreme ideologies that dominated Central and Eastern Europe. For it is, he argues, in its recourse to legal concepts that the communist experience raises important jurisprudential questions for our contemporary understanding of law, the limits of state sovereignty, and law’s relationship to historical violence.

Migrating Memories

Author : James Koranyi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009051563
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Migrating Memories by : James Koranyi

Download or read book Migrating Memories written by James Koranyi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romanian Germans, mainly from the Banat and Transylvania, have occupied a place at the very heart of major events in Europe in the twentieth century yet their history is largely unknown. This east-central European minority negotiated their standing in a difficult new European order after 1918, changing from uneasy supporters of Romania, to zealous Nazis, tepid Communists, and conciliatory Europeans. Migrating Memories is the first comprehensive study in English of Romanian Germans and follows their stories as they move across borders and between regimes, revealing a very European experience of migration, minorities, and memories in modern Europe. After 1945, Romanian Germans struggled to make sense of their lives during the Cold War at a time when the community began to fracture and fragment. The Revolutions of 1989 seemed to mark the end of the German community in Romania, but instead Romanian Germans repositioned themselves as transnational European bridge-builders, staking out new claims in a fast-changing world.