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Healthcare Reform And Gender Specific Infant Mortality In Rural Nepal
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Book Synopsis Healthcare Reform and Gender Specific Infant Mortality in Rural Nepal by : Juergen Jung
Download or read book Healthcare Reform and Gender Specific Infant Mortality in Rural Nepal written by Juergen Jung and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract We estimate to what extent a large scale health care reform disproportionately affects the mortality rate of boys in the context of a developing country with cultural preferences favoring boys. We use arguably exogenous variations due to a health care reform--the National Health Policy--which was implemented in Nepal in 1991 along with data from the Nepal Living Standard Survey 1996 and estimate that improved quality of primary health care facilities (by one standard deviation) reduces the mortality rate of infant boys by 3.43 percentage points but does not affect the mortality rate of infant girls. Our analysis points to societal gender preferences for sons and the consequent neglect of daughters' health as potential drivers of some of the observed differences in mortality between genders and highlights the important role of cultural norms in shaping the outcomes of large scale health care reforms.
Book Synopsis Infant and Child Mortality in Nepal by : Prakash Dev Pant
Download or read book Infant and Child Mortality in Nepal written by Prakash Dev Pant and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Topographical Differences of Infant Mortality in Nepal by : Rubee Dev
Download or read book Topographical Differences of Infant Mortality in Nepal written by Rubee Dev and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infant mortality is a major problem in Nepal, particularly for residents in remote rural areas. Lack of roads and absence of hospitals and health facilities in remote areas contribute to the problem. The objectives of this study were to assess infant mortality rate (IMR) in the three ecological zones of Nepal (Mountain, Hill and Terai) and to examine the effect of distance to health facility on the association between ecological zone and infant mortality. Methods: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2011 was used to calculate infant mortality rates for the Mountain, Hill and Terai zones of Nepal. Infant mortality was compared across three ecological zones in a sample of 5,306 live births in the five years preceding the survey. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between ecological zones and infant mortality focusing on distance to health facility and adjusting for potential confounders including maternal age at first birth, education level, total children ever born, birth interval and infant size at birth. Results: The weighted IMR in each ecological zone was calculated to be 59 (95% CI: 36-81), 44 (35-53), and 40 (33-47) infant deaths per 1000 live births for the Mountain, Hill and Terai zones, respectively. Residing in the Mountain zone was associated with a greater risk of infant mortality compared to those in the Terai zone (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.01-2.02, p=0.04). The risk of infant mortality in the Hill zone did not differ significantly from risk in the Terai zone (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 0.86-1.57, p=0.30). The elevated risk of infant mortality in the Mountain Zone compared to the Terai zone was observed only among mothers who perceived distance to health facility as a major problem (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.01-2.40, p=0.04). There was no significant difference in IMRs in the three ecologic zones among births to women who did not perceive distance as a big problem. In addition, a greater percent of women in the Mountain zone reported that distance to health facilities was a big problem (70.8%) compared to 60.0% in the Hill zone and 45.6% in the Terai zone. Conclusions: The excess risk of infant mortality in the Mountain zone of Nepal is due to both 1) the higher risk of infant mortality in the Mountain zone vs. the Hill and Terai zones among births to women who perceived distance to health facilities as a big problem; and 2) the higher proportion of births in the Mountain zone where distance to health facilities is perceived to be a big problem. These findings highlight the importance of accessibility of health services, particularly in the Mountain zone of Nepal. Going forward it will be important to develop intervention strategies and programs that will target remote populations.
Book Synopsis Urban Rural Differences in Infant Mortality in Nepal by : Gokarna Prasad Sharma Regmi
Download or read book Urban Rural Differences in Infant Mortality in Nepal written by Gokarna Prasad Sharma Regmi and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by : Robert Black
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Book Synopsis Reducing Birth Defects by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Birth Defects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-10-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.
Download or read book UNICEF at a Glance written by and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The State of the World's Children 2009 by : UNICEF.
Download or read book The State of the World's Children 2009 written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.
Book Synopsis Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries by : Headey, Derek D.
Download or read book Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries written by Headey, Derek D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood. However, the experimental literature on WASH interventions identifies inconsistent impacts on child health outcomes, with relatively robust impacts on diarrhea and other symptoms of infection, but weak and varying impacts on child nutrition. In contrast, observational research exploiting cross-sectional variation in water and sanitation access is much more sanguine, finding strong associations with diarrhea prevalence, mortality and stunting. In practice, both literatures suffer from significant methodological limitations. Experimental WASH evaluations are often subject to poor compliance, rural bias, and short duration of exposure, while cross-sectional observational evidence may be highly vulnerable to omitted variables bias. To overcome some of the limitations of both literatures, we construct a panel of 442 subnational regions in 59 countries with multiple Demographic Health Surveys. This large subnational panel is used to implement difference-in-difference regressions that allow us to examine whether longer term changes in water and sanitation at the subnational level predict improvements in child morbidity, mortality and nutrition. We find results that are partially consistent with both literatures. Improved water access is statistically insignificantly associated with most outcomes, although water piped into the dwelling predicts reductions in child stunting. Improvements in sanitation predict large reductions in diarrhea prevalence and child mortality, but are not associated with changes in stunting or wasting. We estimate that sanitation improvements can account for just under 10% of the decline in child mortality from 1990-2015.
Book Synopsis State of the World's Children by : UNICEF.
Download or read book State of the World's Children written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2009 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 20 November 2009, the global community celebrates the 20th anniversary of the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the unique document that sets international standards for the care, treatment and protection of all individuals below age 18. To celebrate this landmark, the United Nations Children's Fund is dedicating a special edition of its flagship report The State of the World's Children to examining the Convention's evolution, progress achieved on child rights, challenges remaining, and actions to be taken to ensure that its promise becomes a reality for all children.
Book Synopsis Health at a Glance 2021 OECD Indicators by : OECD
Download or read book Health at a Glance 2021 OECD Indicators written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. This edition has a special focus on the health impact of COVID-19 in OECD countries, including deaths and illness caused by the virus, adverse effects on access and quality of care, and the growing burden of mental ill-health.
Book Synopsis World Health Statistics 2015 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book World Health Statistics 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Health Statistics 2015 contains WHO's annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. This year it also includes highlight summaries on the topics of reducing the gaps between the world's most-advantaged and least-advantaged countries and on current trends in official development assistance (ODA) for health. As in previous years World Health Statistics 2015 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO technical programmes and regional offices. A number of demographic and socioeconomic statistics have also been derived from databases maintained by a range of other organizations.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries is a resource that enables countries to do just that. It presents a comprehensive yet clear overview of health inequality monitoring in a user-friendly manner. The handbook succeeds in giving those involved in health inequality monitoring an appreciation of the complexities of the process, as well as building the practical knowledge and skills for systematic monitoring of health inequalities in low- and middle-income countries. The use of the handbook will enable countries to better monitor and evaluate their progress and performance with a high degree of accountability and transparency, and allow them to use the results to formulate evidenced-based policies, programmes and practices to tackle inequalities in an effective manner."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Voice and Agency written by Jeni Klugman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.
Author :WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 :9241563702 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (415 download)
Book Synopsis Closing the Gap in a Generation by : WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health
Download or read book Closing the Gap in a Generation written by WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Book Synopsis Who's Got the Power? by : Lynn P. Freedman
Download or read book Who's Got the Power? written by Lynn P. Freedman and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Principles of Demography by : Donald J. Bogue
Download or read book Principles of Demography written by Donald J. Bogue and published by New York : Wiley. This book was released on 1969 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook on the theoretics of demographic study - covers historical aspects of demography as a social sciences discipline, research methods, the principles of analysing and forecasting in respect of human populations, etc. Bibliography at the end of each chapter, and references.
