Greek Religion And Cults In The Black Sea Region

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Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea Region

Author : David Braund
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316865495
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (168 download)

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Book Synopsis Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea Region by : David Braund

Download or read book Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea Region written by David Braund and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first integrated study of Greek religion and cults of the Black Sea region, centred upon the Bosporan Kingdom of its northern shores, but with connections and consequences for Greece and much of the Mediterranean world. David Braund explains the cohesive function of key goddesses (Aphrodite Ourania, Artemis Ephesia, Taurian Parthenos, Isis) as it develops from archaic colonization through Athenian imperialism, the Hellenistic world and the Roman Empire in the East down to the Byzantine era. There is a wealth of new and unfamiliar data on all these deities, with multiple consequences for other areas and cults, such as Diana at Aricia, Orthia in Sparta, Argos' irrigation from Egypt, Athens' Aphrodite Ourania and Artemis Tauropolos and more. Greek religion is shown as key to the internal workings of the Bosporan Kingdom, its sense of its landscape and origins and its shifting relationships with the rest of its world.

Peoples in the Black Sea Region from the Archaic to the Roman Period

Author : Manolis Manoledakis
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1789698685
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Peoples in the Black Sea Region from the Archaic to the Roman Period by : Manolis Manoledakis

Download or read book Peoples in the Black Sea Region from the Archaic to the Roman Period written by Manolis Manoledakis and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions to this volume, covering all shores of the Black Sea, draw on a mix of archaeological evidence, epigraphy and written sources to explore the activities and characteristics of those that inhabited or colonised the Black Sea area, as well as those that visited, acted in, or influenced the region, from the archaic to Roman periods.

Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture around the Black Sea

Author : David Braund
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107170591
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture around the Black Sea by : David Braund

Download or read book Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture around the Black Sea written by David Braund and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a landmark study combining key specialists around the region with well-established international scholars, from a wide range of disciplines.

Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea

Author : David Braund
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110716070
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea by : David Braund

Download or read book Environment and Habitation around the Ancient Black Sea written by David Braund and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environment and human habitation have become principal topics of research with the growing interest in the Black Sea region in antiquity. This book highlights their interaction around all the coasts of the region, from different perspectives and disciplines. Here, archaeological excavation and survey combine with studies of classical texts, cults, medicine, and more, to explore ancient experiences of the region. Accordingly, the region is examined from external viewpoints, centred in the Mediterranean (Herodotus, the Hippocratics, ancient geographers, and poets), and through local lenses, particularly supplied by archaeology. While familiar disconnects emerge, there is also a striking coherence in the results of these different pathways into the study of local environments, which embrace not only Graeco-Roman settlement, but also a broader range of agricultural and pastoralist activities across a huge landscape which stretches as far afield as ancient Hungary. Throughout, there are methodological implications for research elsewhere in the ancient world. This book shows people in landscapes across a huge expanse, in local reality and in external conceptions, complete with their own agency, ideas, and lifestyles.

The World of Greek Religion and Mythology

Author : Jan N. Bremmer
Publisher : Mohr Siebeck
ISBN 13 : 316154451X
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis The World of Greek Religion and Mythology by : Jan N. Bremmer

Download or read book The World of Greek Religion and Mythology written by Jan N. Bremmer and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this wide-ranging work on Greek religion and mythology, Jan N. Bremmer brings together his stimulating and innovative articles, which have all been updated and revised where necessary. In three thematic sections, he analyses central aspects of Greek religion, beginning with the gods and heroes and paying special attention to the unity of the divine nature and the emergence of the category 'hero'. The second section begins with a discussion of the nature of polis religion, continues with various facets, such as seers, secrecy and the soul, and concludes with the influence of the Ancient Near East. The third section studies human sacrifice and offers the most recent analysis of the ideal animal sacrifice, combining literature, epigraphy, iconography, and zooarchaeology. Regarding human sacrifice, it concentrates on the famous cases of Iphigeneia and the werewolves of Mount Lykaion. The fourth and final section investigates key elements of Greek mythology, such as the definition of myth and its relationship to ritual, and ends with a brief history of the study of Greek mythology. The multi-disciplinary approach and rich footnotes make this work a must for anybody interested in Greek religion and mythology.

Hekate

Author : Courtney Weber
Publisher : Weiser Books
ISBN 13 : 1633411915
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Hekate by : Courtney Weber

Download or read book Hekate written by Courtney Weber and published by Weiser Books. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the myths and legends behind this beloved goddess plus practices and suggestions for making Hekate part of your spiritual path. Courtney Weber (author of Brigid and The Morrigan) offers an informed, accessible journey through the lore and history of Hekate, the ancient goddess of crossroads, ghosts, and witchcraft, and reflects on Hekate’s relevance today. Tools and techniques for incorporating this goddess into your personal journey round out the book. Similar to her other works, Weber strikes a balance between the scholarly and the spiritual. Her exploration of Hekate combines solid research with practical, modern applications. The spiritual content is accessible to anyone with an interest in witchcraft, regardless of their faith or background. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of Hekate, exploring original mythology, historical context, and contemporary connotations, concluding with spells and personal rituals. The final chapter is a grimoire full of rituals, offerings, and other practices designed to help readers align themselves with this extraordinary goddess. The book also explores magickal ethics, what it means to be a witch in the twenty-first century, and best practices for successful witchcraft.

Religion in the Art of Archaic and Classical Greece

Author : Tyler Jo Smith
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812252810
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion in the Art of Archaic and Classical Greece by : Tyler Jo Smith

Download or read book Religion in the Art of Archaic and Classical Greece written by Tyler Jo Smith and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An examination of the combined subjects of ancient Greek art and religion, dealing with festivals, performance, rites of passage, and the archaeology of death, to name a few examples, to explore the visual, material, and textual dimensions of ancient Greek religion"--

Greek Religion in Tauric Chersonesos

Author : Tetiana Shevchenko
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1803275634
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Greek Religion in Tauric Chersonesos by : Tetiana Shevchenko

Download or read book Greek Religion in Tauric Chersonesos written by Tetiana Shevchenko and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tauric Chersonesos was one of the prominent ancient Greek centres on the north coast of the Black Sea. This comprehensive study of the cults of the gods of the Chersonesan polis, firmly based on the available sources, sheds new light on the religious life of this ancient Greek centre at various stages in its development.

Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece

Author : Renaud Gagné
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108976956
Total Pages : 571 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece by : Renaud Gagné

Download or read book Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece written by Renaud Gagné and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmography is defined here as the rhetoric of cosmology: the art of composing worlds. The mirage of Hyperborea, which played a substantial role in Greek religion and culture throughout Antiquity, offers a remarkable window into the practice of composing and reading worlds. This book follows Hyperborea across genres and centuries, both as an exploration of the extraordinary record of Greek thought on that further North and as a case study of ancient cosmography and the anthropological philology that tracks ancient cosmography. Trajectories through the many forms of Greek thought on Hyperborea shed light on key aspects of the cosmography of cult and the cosmography of literature. The philology of worlds pursued in this book ranges from Archaic hymns to Hellenistic and Imperial reconfigurations of Hyperborea. A thousand years of cosmography is thus surveyed through the rewritings of one idea. This is a book on the art of reading worlds slowly.

The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion

Author : Esther Eidinow
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191058084
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion by : Esther Eidinow

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion written by Esther Eidinow and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers both students and teachers of ancient Greek religion a comprehensive overview of the current state of scholarship in the subject, from the Archaic to the Hellenistic periods. It not only presents key information, but also explores the ways in which such information is gathered and the different approaches that have shaped the area. In doing so, the volume provides a crucial research and orientation tool for students of the ancient world, and also makes a vital contribution to the key debates surrounding the conceptualization of ancient Greek religion. The handbook's initial chapters lay out the key dimensions of ancient Greek religion, approaches to evidence, and the representations of myths. The following chapters discuss the continuities and differences between religious practices in different cultures, including Egypt, the Near East, the Black Sea, and Bactria and India. The range of contributions emphasizes the diversity of relationships between mortals and the supernatural - in all their manifestations, across, between, and beyond ancient Greek cultures - and draws attention to religious activities as dynamic, highlighting how they changed over time, place, and context.

Greek Religion: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide

Author : Oxford University Press
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199803145
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Greek Religion: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by : Oxford University Press

Download or read book Greek Religion: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide written by Oxford University Press and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of the ancient world find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated. A reader will discover, for instance, the most reliable introductions and overviews to the topic, and the most important publications on various areas of scholarly interest within this topic. In classics, as in other disciplines, researchers at all levels are drowning in potentially useful scholarly information, and this guide has been created as a tool for cutting through that material to find the exact source you need. This ebook is just one of many articles from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Classics, a continuously updated and growing online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through the scholarship and other materials relevant to the study of classics. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.aboutobo.com.

The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area

Author : Gocha R. Tsetskhladze
Publisher : Franz Steiner Verlag
ISBN 13 : 9783515073028
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area by : Gocha R. Tsetskhladze

Download or read book The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area written by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the areas colonised by the Greeks, the Black Sea is one of the least-known in the West, although the area is gradually opening up to Western scholarship. This volume presents the work of Western and Eastern scholars - archaeologists, historians, linguists, epigraphists - on the Black Sea. Contents: Greek colonisation of the Black Sea Area: Stages, models and native population (G. R. Tsetskhladze) ; Greek ideas of the north and the east (M. Vassileva) ; Pontic interactions: the cult of Sabazios (A. Fol) ; Notizen zur griechischen Kolonisation am westlichen Schwarzen Meer (M. Lazarov) ; Apollonia Pontica: Recent discoveries in the Necropolis (K. Panayotova) ; Zum beginn der r�mischen Kontrolle der griechischen St�dte an der Westkueste des Pontos Euxeinos (A. Avram) ; Megaran colonisation in the Western half of the Black Sea (J. Hind) ; The Greek colonisation of the Black Sea region in the light of private lead letters (Y. Vinogradov) ; Ionia and the North Pontic Area: Archaic metalworking (M. Treister) ; Olbia and Berezan: the early pottery (J. Boardman) ; Archaic Berezan: Historical-archaeological essay (S. Solovev) ; The foundation of Tauric Chersonesus (S. Y. Saprykin) ; Greek Colonisation of the Bosporus (G. A. Koshelenko and V. D. Kuznetsov) ; The Achaeans and the Heniochi: reflections on the origins and history of a Greek rhetorical topos (D. Asheri) ; Writing and re-inventing colonial origins (D. Braund) ; Die Gruendung von Sinope und die Probleme der Anfangsphase der griechischen Kolonisation des Schwarzmeergebietes (A. L. Ivantchik) .

Naming and Mapping the Gods in the Ancient Mediterranean

Author : Thomas Galoppin
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110798433
Total Pages : 1080 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Naming and Mapping the Gods in the Ancient Mediterranean by : Thomas Galoppin

Download or read book Naming and Mapping the Gods in the Ancient Mediterranean written by Thomas Galoppin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient religions are definitely complex systems of gods, which resist our understanding. Divine names provide fundamental keys to gain access to the multiples ways gods were conceived, characterized, and organized. Among the names given to the gods many of them refer to spaces: cities, landscapes, sanctuaries, houses, cosmic elements. They reflect mental maps which need to be explored in order to gain new knowledge on both the structure of the pantheons and the human agency in the cultic dimension. By considering the intersection between naming and mapping, this book opens up new perspectives on how tradition and innovation, appropriation and creation play a role in the making of polytheistic and monotheistic religions. Far from being confined to sanctuaries, in fact, gods dwell in human environments in multiple ways. They move into imaginary spaces and explore the cosmos. By proposing a new and interdiciplinary angle of approach, which involves texts, images, spatial and archeaeological data, this book sheds light on ritual practices and representations of gods in the whole Mediterranean, from Italy to Mesopotamia, from Greece to North Africa and Egypt. Names and spaces enable to better define, differentiate, and connect gods.

Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region

Author : Jane Hjarl Petersen Pia Guldager Bilde
Publisher : Aarhus Universitetsforlag
ISBN 13 : 8779346545
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (793 download)

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Book Synopsis Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region by : Jane Hjarl Petersen Pia Guldager Bilde

Download or read book Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region written by Jane Hjarl Petersen Pia Guldager Bilde and published by Aarhus Universitetsforlag. This book was released on 2008-06-16 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a theme, Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region: Between Conflict and Coexistence arouses strong feelings. From the remotest Antiquity, the indigenous and nomadic non-Greek populations of the Pontic region were persistently viewed as one of the major Others, first of all by Mediterranean Greeks. And because the region geographically was located as a bridge between Europe and Asia it was, and still is, also part of a Europe/Asia discourse of dichotomy. As far back in time as Antiquity Western self-understanding and identity formation has been shaped not least through its colonial experiences. Until recently, such colonial experience has led to a very static picture in our analysis of colonial encounters. However, as a result of post-colonialism, post-modernism and now globalization our conception of colonization has undergone a rapid and far-reaching conceptual change. Gone are the days when the Black Sea region was seen as a sea of barbarian wilds enlightened by small flicks of Greek civilization along the coast. Settling the Black Sea region was a challenge for the Greeks. Compared with the Mediterranean, this happened relatively late, and the attempt of settling the land was not always equally successful. In fact, frequently the power balance was in favour of the indigenous population. Nevertheless, the cultivation of the land and the establishment of exchange systems must have been beneficial for all participants in the exchange network. In this volume, the acts of an international, interdisciplinary conference held at Sandbjerg Manor House, Denmark in January 2006 are published. 19 contributions by scholars from Denmark, France, Georgia, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Russia, and Ukraine give a profound discussion of various topics such as the physical arena of the colonial encounters as spaces of identity; the layout of land and protection of cities; the dynamics of the cultural exchange; the perception of how it was to be Greek in the Pontic realm, and finally the reciprocal strategies exerted by the Greeks and Scythians in Olbia as described in Herodotos' Fourth Book of his Histories. Through the many-sided contributions it is also revealed, how self and other is two sides of the same coin - yesterday, today and, tomorrow.

Saviour Gods and Soteria in Ancient Greece

Author : Theodora Suk Fong Jim
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192894110
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Saviour Gods and Soteria in Ancient Greece by : Theodora Suk Fong Jim

Download or read book Saviour Gods and Soteria in Ancient Greece written by Theodora Suk Fong Jim and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Archaic to the Roman imperial period, an impressive number of gods and goddesses are attested in the Greek world under the titles of Soter and Soteira ('Saviour'). Overseeing the protection of individuals and cities, these gods had the power to grant an essential blessing - soteria ('deliverance', 'preservation', 'safety'). This book investigates what it meant to be 'saved' and the underlying concept of soteria in ancient Greece. It challenges the prevailing assumption that soteria was a predominantly Christian concern, and demonstrates instead its centrality and significance in the relationship between the Greeks and their gods. This book focuses on the power of 'saviour' gods in the life of the Greeks, how worshippers searched for soteria as they confronted the unknown and unknowable, and what this can reveal about the religious beliefs, hopes, and anxieties of the Greeks. It goes beyond religious vocabulary and cult epithets to investigate worshippers' thought world and lived experience, the different choices individuals made among the plurality of gods in the Greek pantheon, the multiple levels on which divine 'saviours' operated, and the values attached to the Greek notion of soteria. Building on existing paradigms in the study of Greek polytheism, and combining close analysis of epigraphic, literary and material evidence, this book argues that soteria for the Greeks entailed a very different experience from the Christian, eschatological notion of 'salvation', and that what was offered was 'salvation' on earth.

The Politics of Identity in Greek Sicily and Southern Italy

Author : Mark R. Thatcher
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197586465
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Identity in Greek Sicily and Southern Italy by : Mark R. Thatcher

Download or read book The Politics of Identity in Greek Sicily and Southern Italy written by Mark R. Thatcher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Politics of Identity in Greek Sicily and Southern Italy offers the first sustained analysis of the relationship between collective identity and politics in the Greek West during the period c. 600-200 BCE. Greeks defined their communities in multiple and varied ways, including a separate polis identity for each city-state; sub-Hellenic ethnicities such as Dorian and Ionian; regional identities; and an overarching sense of Greekness. Mark Thatcher skillfully untangles the many overlapping strands of these plural identities and carefully analyzes how they relate to each other, presenting a compelling new account of the role of identity in Greek politics. Identity was often created through conflict and was reshaped as political conditions changed. It created legitimacy for kings and tyrants, and it contributed to the decision-making processes of poleis. A series of detailed case studies explore these points by drawing on a wide variety of source material, including historiography, epinician poetry, coinage, inscriptions, religious practices, and material culture. The wide-ranging analysis covers both Sicily and southern Italy, encompassing cities such as Syracuse, Camarina, Croton, and Metapontion; ethnic groups such as the Dorians and Achaeans; and tyrants and politicians from the Deinomenids and Hermocrates to Pyrrhus and Hieron II. Spanning the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods, this study is an essential contribution to the history, societies, cultures, and identities of Greek Sicily and southern Italy.

Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region

Author : Pia Guldager Bilde
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788779344198
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (441 download)

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Book Synopsis Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region by : Pia Guldager Bilde

Download or read book Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region written by Pia Guldager Bilde and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a theme, Meetings of Cultures in the Black Sea Region: Between Conflict and Coexistence arouses strong feelings. From the remotest Antiquity, the indigenous and nomadic non-Greek populations of the Pontic region were persistently viewed as one of the major Others, first of all by Mediterranean Greeks. And because the region geographically was located as a bridge between Europe and Asia it was, and still is, also part of a Europe/Asia discourse of dichotomy. As far back in time as Antiquity Western self-understanding and identity formation has been shaped not least through its colonial experiences. Until recently, such colonial experience has led to a very static picture in our analysis of colonial encounters. However, as a result of post-colonialism, post-modernism and now globalization our conception of colonization has undergone a rapid and far-reaching conceptual change. Gone are the days when the Black Sea region was seen as a sea of barbarian wilds enlightened by small flicks of Greek civilization along the coast. Settling the Black Sea region was a challenge for the Greeks. Compared with the Mediterranean, this happened relatively late, and the attempt of settling the land was not always equally successful. In fact, frequently the power balance was in favour of the indigenous population. Nevertheless, the cultivation of the land and the establishment of exchange systems must have been beneficial for all participants in the exchange network. In this volume, the acts of an international, interdisciplinary conference held at Sandbjerg Manor House, Denmark in January 2006 are published. 19 contributions by scholars from Denmark, France, Georgia, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Russia, and Ukraine give a profound discussion of various topics such as the physical arena of the colonial encounters as spaces of identity; the layout of land and protection of cities; the dynamics of the cultural exchange; the perception of how it was to be Greek in the Pontic realm, and finally the reciprocal strategies exerted by the Greeks and Scythians in Olbia as described in Herodotos' Fourth Book of his Histories. Through the many-sided contributions it is also revealed, how self and other is two sides of the same coin - yesterday, today and, tomorrow.