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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored Proteins And Their Release From Cells
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Book Synopsis Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteins and Their Release from Cells by : Günter A. Müller
Download or read book Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteins and Their Release from Cells written by Günter A. Müller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anchorage of a subset of cell surface proteins in eukaryotic cells from yeast to mammals is mediated by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety covalently attached to the carboxy-terminus of the protein moiety. Experimental evidence for the potential of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) of being released from cells into the extracellular environment has been accumulating, which involves either the loss or retention of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The structural and morphological diversity of the configurations of released GPI-AP is reflected in the multitude of different structures and molecular mechanisms underlying the release. Release of the GPI-AP may occur in a spontaneous fashion or be regulated by certain endogeneous or exogeneous signals, or environmental stimuli. The putative functional and (patho)physiological implications of the diverse modes of GPI-AP release are presented with an emphasis on the structures and configurations involved as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, the potential relevance of GPI-AP release as innovative biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis and stratification as well as novel vehicles for drug delivery are discussed. Moreover, the mere description of the release of GPI-AP from cells using modern instrumentation in the absence of any knowledge about the underlying causal (molecular) mechanisms may be regarded as an example for so-called hermeneutic phenomenology within molecular life sciences. The three-step study procedure should be based on a known, minimal and carefully considered bias rather than on a strong working hypothesis. This study should lead to a mere database rather than to a narrative justification of the experimentation as well as to a subsequent minimal interpretation of the database rather than on causal mechanistic explanations and speculative working models, which are typically presented in scientific publications. Thus, the book does not only represent a state-of-the-art compendium about the biology and (patho)physiology of GPI-AP, in general, and their cellular release including potential biomedical and biotechnological applications, in particular, but also introduces a novel concept for molecular life science research. The final goal of hermeneutic phenomenology represents the careful, respectful and cautious path from the pure description of the life phenomenon of interest to its meaning. Since research about GPI-AP involves a multitude of disciplines, this book will be of interest to biochemists, cell biologists, structural biologists, molecular biologists, geneticists, pharmacologists and medicinal chemists as well as to those researchers found at the interface between natural sciences (biology) and human sciences (philosophy). The author hopes that this book may stimulate a transdisciplinary exchange between them.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essentials of Glycobiology by : Ajit Varki
Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Download or read book Lipid Domains written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes is targeted toward scientists and researchers in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, providing the necessary membrane research to assist them in discovering the current state of a particular field and in learning where that field is heading. This volume offers an up to date presentation of current knowledge in the field of Lipid Domains. - Written by leading experts - Contains original material, both textual and illustrative, that should become a very relevant reference material - The material is presented in a very comprehensive manner - Both researchers in the field and general readers should find relevant and up-to-date information
Book Synopsis Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchoring of Proteins by : Anant Kumar Menon
Download or read book Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchoring of Proteins written by Anant Kumar Menon and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of The Enzymes features high-caliber thematic articles on the topic of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins. - Contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Book Synopsis GPI-anchored Membrane Proteins and Carbohydrates by : Daniel Hoessli
Download or read book GPI-anchored Membrane Proteins and Carbohydrates written by Daniel Hoessli and published by Landes Bioscience. This book was released on 1999 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In both microbes and mammalian cells, such molecules plasma membrane constituents have become intriguing, and inquiries into why and how they accumulate and function in membranes have led to the elaboration of new concepts in membrane biology. The 11 studies here report recent findings on such topic
Book Synopsis The Fungal Cell Wall by : Jean-Paul Latgé
Download or read book The Fungal Cell Wall written by Jean-Paul Latgé and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates, that the fungal cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of all fungi and especially for human fungal pathogens. Readers will learn, that the composition of the fungal cell wall is a unique structure, which cannot be found in the human host. Consequently, the chapters outline, how the immune systems of both animals and humans have evolved to recognize conserved and unique elements of the fungal cell wall. As an application example, the authors also show, that the three-dimensional structures of the cell wall are excellent targets for the development of antifungal agents and chemotherapeutic strategies. With the combination of biological findings and medical outlooks, this volume is a fascinating read for scientists, clinicians and biomedical students.
Book Synopsis GPI Membrane Anchors-The Much Needed Link by : John A. Dangerfield
Download or read book GPI Membrane Anchors-The Much Needed Link written by John A. Dangerfield and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010-07-08 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Ebook aims to review basic understandings and give current opinions about several important aspects of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI) protein biology from leading experts in this exciting and emerging field. the scope ranges from micro-domain localization and signaling to proteomics aspects, biophysical behavior through trans-cellular mobility to chemical synthesis of GPI mimics and finally modification of multi-scaled membrane surfaces and potential medical and biotech uses. the applied slant makes it very useful to the current state of knowledge. It is hoped that it will prove to be of considerable interest to students and researchers in this field.
Book Synopsis A Role for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored Proteins in T Lymphocyte Homeostasis by : Alessandra Ferzoco
Download or read book A Role for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored Proteins in T Lymphocyte Homeostasis written by Alessandra Ferzoco and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchorage of proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane imparts unique properties and controversial functionality. While all GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) contain a conserved GPI core structure, they represent a large class of functionally diverse proteins with known capacities for intracellular signalling, protein trafficking, and localization within membrane microdomains, termed lipid rafts (LR). Many studies have implicated GPI-AP as regulators of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cellular activation, however, as they are not transmembrane molecules, mechanisms underpinning their signalling capacity remain elusive. We have isolated a mutant clonal variant devoid of GPI-AP. This T cell clone produced 10-100-fold more TCR-induced interleukin (IL)-2 than the GPI-AP+ parent clone. As GPI-AP reside exclusively within LR, we hypothesized that within this signalling scaffold, they may function as essential regulators of TCR/CD3-mediated "on" and "off" signals. Model systems utilizing GPI-AP+ and GPI-AP- variants of the antigen specific, IL-2-dependent T cell clone, and primary GPI-AP- T cells were generated towards directly testing this hypothesis. In the clonal system, GPI-AP deficiency was shown to impart a prolonged TCR/CD3-induced clonal expansion, which correlated with both enhanced IL-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein production. The re-expression of GPI-AP abrogated the prolonged growth/survival phenotype, consistent with a GPI-AP-dependent attenuation of TCR/CD3 signalling. The phenotype was recapitulated in primary GPI-AP- CD4+ T cells. Hypersensitive TCR/CD3 signalling in the primary model correlated with an enhanced basal kinase activity of the Src-family protein tyrosine kinase Fyn, essential for TCR/CD3 induced IL-2 production. The role of the GPI-anchor, as opposed to that of one or more GPI-anchored proteins in supporting this phenotype was assessed using GPI-anchor sufficient, GPI-AP deficient primary T cells. Preliminary results demonstrated that the TCR/CD3-induced IL-2 phenotype of GPI+/GPI-AP- closely resembles that of GPI-AP+, wild-type T cells. While a mixed genetic background in these GPI+/GPI-AP- T cells precludes formal proof of this conclusion, results thus far attribute a potentially novel role for GPI in regulating homeostatic T cell physiology. The biological significance of the results may provide insight into the mechanism underpinning the human disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and proliferative disease states writ large.
Book Synopsis ADP-ribosylation in Animal Tissues by : Friedrich Haag
Download or read book ADP-ribosylation in Animal Tissues written by Friedrich Haag and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the first conference on the topic, called in response to opportunities opened by the molecular characterization of the first mammalian mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscles, and the subsequent realization that one had already been to hand in a well-studied surfac
Download or read book GPI Membrane Anchors written by M Almeida and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GPI Membrane Anchors reviews major advances in our understanding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchors. The book examines the GPI structure and its originality as an anchoring device, its ubiquitous distribution, the main steps of its biosynthetic pathway, and the elegant means by which a protein signals for GPI attachment. It also presents evidence for the uniqueness of GPI as a tag in intracellular traffic and as a mediator of transmembrane signaling. This volume is organized into 20 chapters and begins with a discussion of the structural requirements of a nascent protein for processing to a PI-G anchored form, with emphasis on experiments on intact cells and cell-free systems. It then turns to the mechanisms underlying signal transduction by GPI-anchored membrane proteins, the LY-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored molecules, and glycosylated-phosphatidylinositols as virulence factors in Leishmania. The reader is also introduced to the molecular biology of GPI-anchored border hydrolases, the role of GPIs and their inositolglycan derivatives in the mediation of insulin and growth factor function, and biosynthesis and cellular localization of GPI-modified glycoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An account of electrospray mass spectrometry of a C-terminal peptide purified from the scrapie isoform of the scrapie prion protein is also given. The book concludes with a chapter on GPI-anchored recognition molecules that function in axonal fasciculation, growth, and guidance in the nervous system. This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in the fields of cell biology and biochemistry.
Book Synopsis Membrane Organization and Dynamics by : Amitabha Chattopadhyay
Download or read book Membrane Organization and Dynamics written by Amitabha Chattopadhyay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together information on membrane organization and dynamics from a variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and simulation approaches, spanning a broad range of time scales. The implication of such dynamic information on membrane function in health and disease is a topic of contemporary interest. The chapters cover various aspects of membrane lipid and protein dynamics, explored using a battery of experimental and theoretical approaches. The synthesis of information and knowledge gained by utilizing multiple approaches will provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying membrane dynamics and function, which will help to develop robust dynamic models for the understanding of membrane function in healthy and diseased states. In the last few years, crystal structures of an impressive number of membrane proteins have been reported, thanks to tremendous advances in membrane protein crystallization techniques. Some of these recently solved structures belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which are particularly difficult to crystallize due to their intrinsic flexibility. Nonetheless, these static structures do not provide the necessary information to understand the function of membrane proteins in the complex membrane milieu. This volume will address the dynamic nature of membrane proteins within the membrane and will provide the reader with an up-to date overview of the theory and practical approaches that can be used. This volume will be invaluable to researchers working in a wide range of scientific areas, from biochemistry and molecular biology to biophysics and protein science. Students of these fields will also find this volume very useful. This book will also be of great use to those who are interested in the dynamic nature of biological processes.
Book Synopsis A Chemical Approach to the Investigation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Function on Cell Surfaces by : Margot Gabrielle Paulick
Download or read book A Chemical Approach to the Investigation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Function on Cell Surfaces written by Margot Gabrielle Paulick and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lipid Modifications of Proteins by : Milton J. Schlesinger
Download or read book Lipid Modifications of Proteins written by Milton J. Schlesinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-30 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only comprehensive one-volume work describing protein-bound lipids Lipid Modifications of Proteins is the first single-volume publication to provide a comprehensive discussion of the five major kinds of protein-bound lipids. The book examines the biochemical activities involved in covalent attachment of different kinds of lipids to proteins, and it indicates the extent of lipid modifications to proteins. The book also thoroughly evaluates current hypotheses on roles of covalent lipids in protein structure and function. This one-of-a-kind volume is essential for molecular biologists, cell biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, microbiologists, and other researchers interested in the effect of lipids on proteins.
Book Synopsis Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Proteins Expressed on Lymphocytes by : Keith Randall Solomon
Download or read book Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Proteins Expressed on Lymphocytes written by Keith Randall Solomon and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prediction of Protein Structure and the Principles of Protein Conformation by : G.D. Fasman
Download or read book Prediction of Protein Structure and the Principles of Protein Conformation written by G.D. Fasman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prediction of the conformation of proteins has developed from an intellectual exercise into a serious practical endeavor that has great promise to yield new stable enzymes, products of pharmacological significance, and catalysts of great potential. With the application of predic tion gaining momentum in various fields, such as enzymology and immunology, it was deemed time that a volume be published to make available a thorough evaluation of present methods, for researchers in this field to expound fully the virtues of various algorithms, to open the field to a wider audience, and to offer the scientific public an opportunity to examine carefully its successes and failures. In this manner the practitioners of the art could better evaluate the tools and the output so that their expectations and applications could be more realistic. The editor has assembled chapters by many of the main contributors to this area and simultaneously placed their programs at three national resources so that they are readily available to those who wish to apply them to their personal interests. These algorithms, written by their originators, when utilized on pes or larger computers, can instantaneously take a primary amino acid sequence and produce a two-or three-dimensional artistic image that gives satisfaction to one's esthetic sensibilities and food for thought concerning the structure and function of proteins. It is in this spirit that this volume was envisaged.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Biological Membranes by : William Stillwell
Download or read book An Introduction to Biological Membranes written by William Stillwell and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-04-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Biological Membranes: From Bilayers to Rafts covers many aspects of membrane structure/function that bridges membrane biophysics and cell biology. Offering cohesive, foundational information, this publication is valuable for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and membranologists who seek a broad overview of membrane science. - Brings together different facets of membrane research in a universally understandable manner - Emphasis on the historical development of the field - Topics include membrane sugars, membrane models, membrane isolation methods, and membrane transport
