Glaciers And Environmental Change

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Glaciers and Environmental Change

Author : Atle Nesje
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317836065
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaciers and Environmental Change by : Atle Nesje

Download or read book Glaciers and Environmental Change written by Atle Nesje and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative new text provides a thorough, updated account of glaciers and ice sheets as monitors and indicators of environmental change. It examines the record of environmental change within glaciers and ice sheets, and that of past environments left by retreating glaciers. These themes are examined within the context of environmental change in general and global climate change in particular. Methods of using palaeoenvironmental records are assessed and the implications for future environmental change are discussed. Evidence from glacier ice left in the landscape or within the geological record, provides one of the most important sources of information on environmental change. 'Glaciers and Environmental Change' is a comprehensive account of glaciers andice sheets as monitors and indictaors of environmental change. Based on the latest research, this book consolidates a diverse range of data and explains their applications. it also assesses methods of using palaeoenvironmental records. This authoritative new text examines not only the records of environmental change within glaciers but also that of past environments left by retreating glaciers. These themes are examined within the context of contemporary debates in environmental change and the volume also seeks to draw conclusions concernign past, present and future climatic change in relation to glaciers.

Glaciers and Environmental Change

Author : Atle Nesje
Publisher : Hodder Arnold
ISBN 13 : 9780340706374
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaciers and Environmental Change by : Atle Nesje

Download or read book Glaciers and Environmental Change written by Atle Nesje and published by Hodder Arnold. This book was released on 2000 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaciers and Environmental Change provides a thorough and updated account of glaciers and ice sheets as monitors and indicators of environmental change. It examines the record of environmental change within glaciers and ice sheets, and that of past environments left by retreating glaciers.These themes are examined in general, within the context of environmental change, but the main focus of the text is on global climate change. Methods of using palaeoenvironmental records are assessed and the implications for future environmental change are discussed.

Glacier Science and Environmental Change

Author : Peter G. Knight
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470750235
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Glacier Science and Environmental Change by : Peter G. Knight

Download or read book Glacier Science and Environmental Change written by Peter G. Knight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glacier Science and Environmental Change is an authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world’s foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section (with selected extra figures provided in color at www.blackwellpublishing.com/knight). The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. Glacier Science and Environmental Change is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.

Recent Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Glaciers

Author : Mauri Pelto
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119068118
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Glaciers by : Mauri Pelto

Download or read book Recent Climate Change Impacts on Mountain Glaciers written by Mauri Pelto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaciers are considered a key and an iconic indicator of climate change. The World Glacier Monitoring Service has noted that global alpine balance has been negative for 35 consecutive years. This highlights the dire future that alpine glaciers face. The goal of this volume is to tell the story, glacier by glacier, of response to climate change from 1984-2015. Of the 165 glaciers examined in 10 different alpine regions, 162 have retreated significantly. It is evident that the changes are significant, not happening at a "glacial" pace, and are profoundly affecting alpine regions. There is a consistent result that reverberates from mountain range to mountain range, which emphasizes that although regional glacier and climate feedbacks differ, global changes are driving the response. This book considers ten different glaciated regions around the individual glaciers, and offers a different tune to the same chorus of glacier volume loss in the face of climate change.

Climate Change

Author : Josh Sneideman
Publisher : Build It Yourself
ISBN 13 : 9781619308992
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change by : Josh Sneideman

Download or read book Climate Change written by Josh Sneideman and published by Build It Yourself. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the tools that scientists use to analyze information about the Earth's climate and measure the current rate of climate change, with twenty-five projects for positive actions that can be done to protect the environment.--

Himalayan Glaciers

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309261015
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Himalayan Glaciers by : National Research Council

Download or read book Himalayan Glaciers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity.

The Cryosphere and Global Environmental Change

Author : Olav Slaymaker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444308963
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cryosphere and Global Environmental Change by : Olav Slaymaker

Download or read book The Cryosphere and Global Environmental Change written by Olav Slaymaker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook to consider all aspects of thecryosphere system in the context of global environmental changedriven by human activity and climate. Considers all six aspects of the cryosphere – ice sheets,glacier ice, permafrost, river and lake ice, sea ice and snow– in the context of global environmental change driven byhuman activity and climate. Describes a new concept of cryosphere transience and landscapetransition which links climate, hydrology, ecology andgeomorphology. Looks at the evidence, process, and patterns of cryospherechange, on local and global scales. Provides a wealth of data to inform the current globalenvironmental change debate. Additional resources for this book can be found at: ahref="http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=index&bcsId=5064&itemId=140512976X"http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=index&bcsId=5064&itemId=140512976X/a.

Glaciers and Climate Change

Author : J. Oerlemans
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9026518137
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaciers and Climate Change by : J. Oerlemans

Download or read book Glaciers and Climate Change written by J. Oerlemans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text brings together meteorology and the theory of glacier flow, providing a fundamental understanding of how glaciers respond to climate change. Attention is paid to the microclimate of glaciers and the physical processes regulating the exchange of energy and mass between glacier surface and atmosphere. Simple analytical and numerical models are used to: · investigate glaciers sensitivity to climate change · estimate response times · make an interpretation of historical glacier records · assess the contribution of glacier melt to sea-level rise Modern developments in glacier research, including satellite measurements are discussed in detail, making this a valuable reference source.

Glaciers and Ice Sheets in the Climate System

Author : Andrew Fowler
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030425843
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaciers and Ice Sheets in the Climate System by : Andrew Fowler

Download or read book Glaciers and Ice Sheets in the Climate System written by Andrew Fowler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our realisation of how profoundly glaciers and ice sheets respond to climate change and impact sea level and the environment has propelled their study to the forefront of Earth system science. Aspects of this multidisciplinary endeavour now constitute major areas of research. This book is named after the international summer school held annually in the beautiful alpine village of Karthaus, Northern Italy, and consists of twenty chapters based on lectures from the school. They cover theory, methods, and observations, and introduce readers to essential glaciological topics such as ice-flow dynamics, polar meteorology, mass balance, ice-core analysis, paleoclimatology, remote sensing and geophysical methods, glacial isostatic adjustment, modern and past glacial fluctuations, and ice sheet reconstruction. The chapters were written by thirty-four contributing authors who are leading international authorities in their fields. The book can be used as a graduate-level textbook for a university course, and as a valuable reference guide for practising glaciologists and climate scientists.

Meltdown

Author : Jorge Daniel Taillant
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190080329
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Meltdown by : Jorge Daniel Taillant

Download or read book Meltdown written by Jorge Daniel Taillant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hear about pieces of ice the size of continents breaking off of Antarctica, rapidly melting glaciers in the Himalayas, and ice sheets in the Arctic crumbling to the sea, but does it really matter? Will melting glaciers change our lives? Absolutely.The ice ages and the interglacial periods like we live in now are built and destroyed by glaciers. Glaciers hold three quarters of our freshwater, yet we don't have laws to protection them from climate change. Melting glaciers raise the seas, alter global ecosystems, warm our climate and bring onfloods that swamp millions of acres of land destroying coastal ecosystems and leaving hundreds of millions homeless. Healthy glaciers help keep our planet cool by reflecting solar heat away from the Earth and provide critical freshwater supply to billions that live within their meltwater runoffbasins. But melting glaciers alter ocean temperature, warm the atmosphere and cause havoc to the ocean currents and to the global jet stream, causing inclement weather, prolonged and recurrent droughts, heavy rains and intense, frequent and unpredictable storms. As glaciers melt away, their criticalenvironmental functions and services will wither. And as climate change warms their core, their weakening internal structure will cause a growing number of glacier tsunamis that can send deadly massive ice blocks, rocks, earth and billions of liters of water rushing down mountain valleys that takeout anything in their path. It has happened before in the Himalayas, in the Central Andes, in the Rockies and Western Cascades, and in the European Alps and it will happen again. As glaciers melt so do the vast swaths of permafrost environments that thrive in their surroundings, where thawingmillenary terrain rich in ice but also in methane gas captured hundreds of thousands of years ago, is now released into the atmosphere intensifying climate change even further.In his new book Meltdown, Jorge Daniel Taillant takes readers deeper into the cryosphere and connects the dots between climate change, glacier melt and the impacts that receding glacier ice brings to livability on Earth, to our environments and to our neighborhoods. He walks us through thelittle-known realm of the periglacial environment, a world where invisible subsurface rock glaciers with solid ice cores that will outlive exposed glaciers in our warming climate, but will they suffice to maintain our cryosphere and climate ecology in balance? In two closing chapters Taillant looksat actions that can help stop climate change and save glaciers and also contrasts how society, politics and our leaders have responded to address the COVID-19 pandemic and yet largely failed to address the even larger looming and escalating crisis of climate change.Meltdown is about glaciers and their unfolding demise during one of the most critical moments of our climate crisis. We may still be in time to save the cryosphere, if we can reconsider glaciers in a whole new light and understand the critical role they play in our own sustainability and if we canawaken to see how through glacier melt, geological ages are changing right before our eyes.

In the Shadow of Melting Glaciers

Author : Mark Carey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199742578
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis In the Shadow of Melting Glaciers by : Mark Carey

Download or read book In the Shadow of Melting Glaciers written by Mark Carey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is producing profound changes globally. Yet we still know little about how it affects real people in real places on a daily basis because most of our knowledge comes from scientific studies that try to estimate impacts and project future climate scenarios. This book is different, illustrating in vivid detail how people in the Andes have grappled with the effects of climate change and ensuing natural disasters for more than half a century. In Peru's Cordillera Blanca mountain range, global climate change has generated the world's most deadly glacial lake outburst floods and glacier avalanches, killing 25,000 people since 1941. As survivors grieved, they formed community organizations to learn about precarious glacial lakes while they sent priests to the mountains, hoping that God could calm the increasingly hostile landscape. Meanwhile, Peruvian engineers working with miniscule budgets invented innovative strategies to drain dozens of the most unstable lakes that continue forming in the twenty first century. But adaptation to global climate change was never simply about engineering the Andes to eliminate environmental hazards. Local urban and rural populations, engineers, hydroelectric developers, irrigators, mountaineers, and policymakers all perceived and responded to glacier melting differently-based on their own view of an ideal Andean world. Disaster prevention projects involved debates about economic development, state authority, race relations, class divisions, cultural values, the evolution of science and technology, and shifting views of nature. Over time, the influx of new groups to manage the Andes helped transform glaciated mountains into commodities to consume. Locals lost power in the process and today comprise just one among many stakeholders in the high Andes-and perhaps the least powerful. Climate change transformed a region, triggering catastrophes while simultaneously jumpstarting modernization processes. This book's historical perspective illuminates these trends that would be ignored in any scientific projections about future climate scenarios.

While Glaciers Slept

Author : M. Jackson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780996897334
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (973 download)

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Book Synopsis While Glaciers Slept by : M. Jackson

Download or read book While Glaciers Slept written by M. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While Glaciers Slept weaves together the parallel stories of what happens when the climates of family and planet change. Jackson, a National Geographic Expert, reveals how these events are deeply similar and intertwined. She tells the story of her parents' struggles with cancer while describing in detail the planetary changes she's witnessed. Above all else, Jackson shows that even in the darkest of times there is clear reason for hope and light. Readers are drawn into a world where complex climatic themes and glacial processes are broken down for a general audience. Jackson dances us over solar, wind, and geothermal mysteries, bringing us along on expeditions. Climate change, she convinces us, is not just about science--it is also about the audacity of human courage and imagination. While Glaciers Slept shows us that the story of one family can be the story of one planet, and that climate change has a human face" --

Vanishing Ice

Author : Vivien Gornitz
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231548893
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Vanishing Ice by : Vivien Gornitz

Download or read book Vanishing Ice written by Vivien Gornitz and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is thawing. In summer, cruise ships sail through the once ice-clogged Northwest Passage, lakes form on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and polar bears swim farther and farther in search of waning ice floes. At the opposite end of the world, floating Antarctic ice shelves are shrinking. Mountain glaciers are in retreat worldwide, unleashing flash floods and avalanches. We are on thin ice—and with melting permafrost’s potential to let loose still more greenhouse gases, these changes may be just the beginning. Vanishing Ice is a powerful depiction of the dramatic transformation of the cryosphere—the world of ice and snow—and its consequences for the human world. Delving into the major components of the cryosphere, including ice sheets, valley glaciers, permafrost, and floating ice, Vivien Gornitz gives an up-to-date explanation of key current trends in the decline of ice mass. Drawing on a long-term perspective gained by examining changes in the cryosphere and corresponding variations in sea level over millions of years, she demonstrates the link between thawing ice and sea-level rise to point to the social and economic challenges on the horizon. Gornitz highlights the widespread repercussions of ice loss, which will affect countless people far removed from frozen regions, to explain why the big meltdown matters to us all. Written for all readers and students interested in the science of our changing climate, Vanishing Ice is an accessible and lucid warning of the coming thaw.

Climate Change

Author : Joshua Sneideman
Publisher : Nomad Press
ISBN 13 : 1619302713
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change by : Joshua Sneideman

Download or read book Climate Change written by Joshua Sneideman and published by Nomad Press. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 200 years, scientists have been observing, measuring, and analyzing information about our planet’s climate. Studies show that the earth is in constant transition and humans have an effect on what happens. In Climate Change: Discover How It Impacts Spaceship Earth, young readers examine real studies concerning planetary science, Arctic ice bubbles, and migratory patterns. Kids explore the history of human impact from the Industrial Revolution to our modern-day technology, as well as the innovations underway around the world to address global climate change. The idea of climate change can be scary, but every one of us has the ability to make a difference. Focused on a pro-active approach to environmental education, Climate Change engages readers through hands-on activities and helps kids deconstruct myths about our changing world. Kids are directed to digital supplemental material that makes complex concepts easier to understand through visual representation. Climate Change offers a myriad of ways to think of our Spaceship Earth as the singular resource it is. Climate Change meets Common Core State Standards for literacy in science and technology; Guided Reading Levels and Lexile measurements indicate grade level and text complexity.

The Secret Lives of Glaciers

Author : M. Jackson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780996267670
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis The Secret Lives of Glaciers by : M. Jackson

Download or read book The Secret Lives of Glaciers written by M. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our planet has over 400,000 glaciers and ice caps scattered across its surface, some 5.8 million square miles of ice. Fascinatingly, where there are glaciers, there are people, and the two have been interacting for the entirety of human history. But we know so little about that interaction, those human stories of glaciers. The Secret Lives of Glaciers explores glacier diversity in Iceland, highlighting the rich social and cultural context and variability amongst glaciers and people. Investigating glaciers and people together teaches us about how human society experiences being in the world today amidst increasing climatic changes and anthropogenic transformation of all of Earth's systems.

The End of Ice

Author : Dahr Jamail
Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1620976056
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of Ice by : Dahr Jamail

Download or read book The End of Ice written by Dahr Jamail and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist for the 2020 PEN / E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award Acclaimed on its hardcover publication, a global journey that reminds us "of how magical the planet we're about to lose really is" (Bill McKibben) With a new epilogue by the author After nearly a decade overseas as a war reporter, the acclaimed journalist Dahr Jamail returned to America to renew his passion for mountaineering, only to find that the slopes he had once climbed have been irrevocably changed by climate disruption. In response, Jamail embarks on a journey to the geographical front lines of this crisis—from Alaska to Australia's Great Barrier Reef, via the Amazon rainforest—in order to discover the consequences to nature and to humans of the loss of ice. In The End of Ice, we follow Jamail as he scales Denali, the highest peak in North America, dives in the warm crystal waters of the Pacific only to find ghostly coral reefs, and explores the tundra of St. Paul Island where he meets the last subsistence seal hunters of the Bering Sea and witnesses its melting glaciers. Accompanied by climate scientists and people whose families have fished, farmed, and lived in the areas he visits for centuries, Jamail begins to accept the fact that Earth, most likely, is in a hospice situation. Ironically, this allows him to renew his passion for the planet's wild places, cherishing Earth in a way he has never been able to before. Like no other book, The End of Ice offers a firsthand chronicle—including photographs throughout of Jamail on his journey across the world—of the catastrophic reality of our situation and the incalculable necessity of relishing this vulnerable, fragile planet while we still can.

Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers

Author : Vijay P. Singh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048126428
Total Pages : 1301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers by : Vijay P. Singh

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earth’s cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth’s fresh water. It exists at almost all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, and plays a vital role in controlling the global climate system. It also provides direct visible evidence of the effect of climate change, and, therefore, requires proper understanding of its complex dynamics. This encyclopedia mainly focuses on the various aspects of snow, ice and glaciers, but also covers other cryospheric branches, and provides up-to-date information and basic concepts on relevant topics. It includes alphabetically arranged and professionally written, comprehensive and authoritative academic articles by well-known international experts in individual fields. The encyclopedia contains a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; permafrost degradation; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; and trends of glacier retreat on the global scale along with the impact of climate change. This book can serve as a source of reference at the undergraduate and graduate level and help to better understand snow, ice and glaciers. It will also be an indispensable tool containing specialized literature for geologists, geographers, climatologists, hydrologists, and water resources engineers; as well as for those who are engaged in the practice of agricultural and civil engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, ecosystem management, and other relevant subjects.