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Genetic Evaluation Of Cornell Value Discovery System Model Predicted Feed Intake In Beef Cattle
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Book Synopsis Genetic Evaluation of Cornell Value Discovery System Model Predicted Feed Intake in Beef Cattle by : David Paul Kirschten
Download or read book Genetic Evaluation of Cornell Value Discovery System Model Predicted Feed Intake in Beef Cattle written by David Paul Kirschten and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Implementation of High-density SNP Data for Genetic Evaluation and QTL Discovery in Beef Cattle by : Megan M. Rolf
Download or read book Implementation of High-density SNP Data for Genetic Evaluation and QTL Discovery in Beef Cattle written by Megan M. Rolf and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A genomic relationship matrix was built using 1,707 Angus AI sires with complete pedigree information and 698 Angus steers with only paternity information. The genomic matrix was used to estimate breeding values (EBVs) on both sires and steers and residuals were estimated on the steers. EBV and residuals were combined to produce adjusted phenotypes corrected for fixed effects (year and season of birth within feeding pen) for three feed efficiency related traits (average daily feed intake, AFI; residual feed intake, RFI; and average daily gain, ADG). These dependent variables were used for whole genome association analysis. A genome-wide significance of threshold equivalent to p [lesser than] 0.05 was determined via dependant variable permutation analysis to control experiment wide error rate. Final models for the three traits were assembled using EBVs of steers and explained 54.097%, 62.687% and 54.724% of the genetic variance in AFI, RFI and ADG, respectively. Utility of predicted feed intakes for genetic selection was also tested. Predicted feed intakes (pDMR) were estimated using the Cornell Value Discovery System (CVDS) and were adjusted for fixed effects and EBVs were estimated. Whole genome analysis was performed and concordant SNP associations for ADG, RFI and AFI were identified. Index selection may include pDMR to increase information on feed intake, however correlated responses in ADG are likely if not used within an index.
Book Synopsis Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry by : Rodney A. Hill
Download or read book Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry written by Rodney A. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry provides a thorough and concise overview of feed efficiency in beef cattle. It frames the great importance of feed efficiency to the industry and details the latest findings of the many scientific disciplines that intersect and aim to improve efficient and sustainable production of nutritious beef. The vast majority of production costs are directly tied to feed. With increased demand for grains to feed a rapidly increasing world population and to supply a new demand for alternative fuels, feed costs continue to increase. In recent years, the negative environmental impacts of inefficient feeding have also been realized; as such feed efficiency is an important factor in both economic viability and environmental sustainability of cattle production. Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry covers a broad range of topics ranging from economic evaluation of feed efficiency to the physiological and genetic bases of efficient conversion of feed to high quality beef. Chapters also look at how a fuller understanding of feed efficiency is leading to new selective breeding efforts to develop more efficient cattle. With wide-ranging coverage from leading international researchers, Feed Efficiency will be a valuable resource for producers who wish to understand the complexities, challenges, and opportunities to reduce their cost of production, for students studying the topic and for researchers and professionals working in the beef industry.
Book Synopsis Proceedings by : Beef Improvement Federation. Research Symposium & Annual Meeting
Download or read book Proceedings written by Beef Improvement Federation. Research Symposium & Annual Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Mathematical Model in Predicting Intake of Growing and Finishing Cattle by : Brandi Marie Bourg
Download or read book Evaluation of a Mathematical Model in Predicting Intake of Growing and Finishing Cattle written by Brandi Marie Bourg and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cattle Value Discovery System (CVDS) was developed to predict growth and feed requirements of individual cattle fed in groups based on animal, diet, and environment information (Tedeschi et al., 2006). Evaluations of the CVDS using several databases of finishing cattle were conducted to determine the accuracy and precision of the model in predicted dry matter required (DMR) of pen-fed cattle. As well, the sensitivity of the model's predictions to deviations from actual ration metabolizable energy (ME) value was conducted. A meta-analysis of growing and finishing steers evaluated to model's accuracy in predicting DMR of individually fed steers, and the relationships between several model-predicted variables and actual performance and efficiency measures. Results for the first CVDS model evaluation involving pen-fed Santa Gertrudis cattle fed finishing diets revealed that accurate predictions of DMR are possible. The average mean bias for both steers and heifers was 2.43%. The sensitivity analysis of dietary ME values revealed that the model tends to consistently over- and under-predict DMR when the ME values are under- and over-estimated, respectively. However the ranking of pens was not affected by this mis-estimation of diet ME. In the second evaluations, both methods (mean body weight; MBW, dynamic iterative model; DIM) of CVDS were highly accurate and precise in allocating feed to pens of steers fed diverse types of diets and environmental conditions, with both models having a mean bias under 4%. The DIM model was slightly more accurate than the MBW model in predicting DMR. An evaluation of sources of variation revealed that for both models a large portion of the error was random, indicating that further work is needed to account for this variation. The meta-analysis study revealed that the model was able to account for 64% and 67% of the variation in observed dry matter intake (DMI) for growing and finishing steers, respectively. The two model-predicted efficiency measures, the ratio of DMR to average daily gain (ADG) and predicted intake difference (PID), were strongly to moderately correlated with their observed efficiency counterparts. In growing and finishing steers, DMR: ADG was able to account for 76% and 64% of the variation in observed feed conversion ratio (FCR) in growing and finishing studies, respectively. Strong correlations were also found between residual feed intake (RFI) and PID, suggesting that there may also be some similarity on these two measurements.
Book Synopsis Development of a Dynamic Rumen and Gastro-intestinal Model in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to Predict the Nutrient Supply and Requirements of Dairy Cattle by : Ryan John Higgs
Download or read book Development of a Dynamic Rumen and Gastro-intestinal Model in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to Predict the Nutrient Supply and Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by Ryan John Higgs and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high value of milk protein, increasing feed costs, and growing concern for the environment has made nitrogen utilization a central component in ration balancing on dairy farms. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) is a nutritional model that enables the formulation of diets that closely match predicted animal requirements. The CNCPS includes a library of approximately 800 different ingredients which provide the platform for describing the chemical composition of the diet. The objectives of this research were 1) to review and update the chemical composition of feeds in the feed library, 2) develop new capability within the model to predict nitrogen and amino acid supply and requirements and, 3) investigate the potential to improve nitrogen utilization in high producing dairy cows through using the new model to formulate diets precisely to animal requirements. The feed library was updated using a procedure that combined linear regression, matrix regression and genetic algorithm optimization to predict uncertain values. Each feed was evaluated and updated where required to be consistent with data from commercial laboratories. Amino acid profiles were also updated using contemporary datasets. A new, dynamic version of the rumen and gastro-intestinal (GIT) submodel was constructed in the system dynamics modeling software Vensim®. The new model included, among other things, estimations of protozoal growth, endogenous N transactions along the entire GIT and a new system to estimate N digestion in the small intestine. Relative to measured data, the model was able to predict the flows of microbial, un-degraded feed, and total non-ammonia N with a high degree of accuracy and precision (R2 = 0.97, 0.90 and 0.98, respectively). Lactating dairy cows fed diets formulated to be adequate in rumen N and EAA supply using the model were able to produce>40 kg milk on diets
Book Synopsis The Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets by : D.G. Fox
Download or read book The Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets written by D.G. Fox and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Evaluating Cattle Diets. Part I, a Model for Predicting Cattle Requirements and Feedstuff Utilization by :
Download or read book The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Evaluating Cattle Diets. Part I, a Model for Predicting Cattle Requirements and Feedstuff Utilization written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predicting Feed Intake of Food-Producing Animals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Predicting Feed Intake of Food-Producing Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1987-02-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much do animals eat? Why do eating patterns change? How do physiological, dietary, and environmental factors affect feed intake? This volume, a comprehensive overview of the latest animal feed intake research, answers these questions with detailed information about the feeding patterns of fishes, pigs, poultry, dairy cows, beef cattle, and sheep. Equations for calculating predicted feed intake are presented for each animal and are accompanied by charts, graphs, and tables.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System with Dairy Cattle Consuming Fresh Forages and Diets Deficient in Nitrogen by : Rodrigo Ruiz
Download or read book Evaluation of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System with Dairy Cattle Consuming Fresh Forages and Diets Deficient in Nitrogen written by Rodrigo Ruiz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predicting Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle by : Samantha M. Rasmussen
Download or read book Predicting Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle written by Samantha M. Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) methodology is being used as a means to determine genetic merit in beef cattle by interrogating animal genomes and associating the findings with performance traits. The ability to predict future trait performance is highly attractive to beef cattle producers as they can make important management and financial decisions earlier and with more certainty. To fully realize the potential of SNP testing technology the methodology must be vetted to assure producer confidence. The purpose of this project is to assess three sources of information for beef cattle trait assessment. These information sources are: SNP testing, Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) and direct animal measures. To conduct this study, young beef bulls (n = 181) consigned to the SIU Beef Evaluation Station were utilized in an 84-day period to obtain direct measures. The SIU Beef Evaluation Station uses the Calan-Broadbent confinement feeding system which allows researchers to monitor individual animal feed intake and weight gain. Feed efficiency traits are important to the cattle industry since feed is generally among the largest input cost to producers. The evaluation of bulls also assesses reproductive and carcass traits which are also important to the producer's financial success. Individual animal performance information was sent to the bull's respective breed association for determination of EPD's. Blood samples were submitted to a commercial company for SNP testing (Igentiy Gold and Igenity Beef Profile, Neogen, Lincoln, NE). Data was analyzed using pairwise comparisons by source of information. Pearson correlations were used to determine the direction and the strength for sources of information to vary together. Data was determined to be correlated when the correlation coefficient was 0.3 ≤ r ≤ −0.3. No correlation was observed between RFISIU :RFINEO (r = 0.042), RFINEO:F/GSIU (r = −0.09), RFISIU:ADGNEO (r = 0.091), RFISIU:ADGSIU (r = −0.039), RFINEO:ADGNEO (r = 0.236), BWNEO:BWSIU (r = 0.115), FRAMESIU:BWSIU (r = 0.111), FRAMESIU:BWEPD (r = 0.159), FRAMESIU:ADGSIU (r = 0.148), FRAMESIU:ADGNEO (r = -0.005), BWSIU:BWEPD (r = 0.256), and BWNEO:BWEPD (r = 0.226). Correlations were observed between RFISIU:F/GSIU (r = 0.455), ADGSIU :ADGNEO (r = 0.353), and FRAMESIU:BWNEO (r = 0.326). This study determined that beef bulls should continue to be performance tested due to discrepancies between sources of information for key animal performance traits. Assessment of SNPs used in the commercial test should continue.
Book Synopsis Application of Genetic Markers for Evaluation of Residual Feed Intake in Beef Cattle by : Fidalis Denis Nagwalla Mujibi
Download or read book Application of Genetic Markers for Evaluation of Residual Feed Intake in Beef Cattle written by Fidalis Denis Nagwalla Mujibi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genomic and Genetic Evaluation of Feed Efficiency and Stillbirth in Dairy Cattle by :
Download or read book Genomic and Genetic Evaluation of Feed Efficiency and Stillbirth in Dairy Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed efficiency is an economically important trait in the dairy cattle industry, and feed costs accounts for more than 50% of total production costs. Prediction of genetic breeding value has been a focus of animal breeding since the beginning of the 20th century. Because of ongoing genetic selection for productivity and improvement in herd management, the efficiency of converting feed to milk in U.S. dairy cattle has doubled over the past 60 years due to dilution of maintenance. It is widely recognized that additional selection based on biological differences between individuals in feed efficiency is highly desirable. The emergence of high dimensional genomic data offers opportunities for selection and evaluation of feed efficiency directly through whole genome-enabled prediction. This thesis centers on genetic evaluation and prediction of traits related to feed efficiency in dairy cattle using whole genome molecular markers. We investigated various whole genome prediction approaches tailored to capturing total genetic variation, with the goal of enhancing predictive performance for feed efficiency and related traits. In particular, this thesis includes three studies. In the first study, a semi-supervised learning approach was introduced, and its prediction accuracy was assessed using residual feed intake (RFI) data. The second study compared an interaction model with within- and across-environment components using data from multiple environments to estimate genomic variances and assess the accuracy of genomic predictions for RFI and its component traits. The third study involved genetic evaluation of direct and maternal stillbirth rate, a trait that contributes to whole farm production efficiency, using data of Brown Swiss, Jersey, and Holstein bulls. Our results indicate that, while selection on feed efficiency in dairy cattle using whole genome molecular markers is promising, low accuracy of prediction remains an ongoing challenge due to the limited size of the reference population. Pooling data across countries or production systems is an option for increasing size of the reference population, but genotype by environment interactions and population stratification must be addressed. Ongoing collection of individual feed intake records is necessary to improve prediction accuracy, in terms of increasing the size of the reference population and ensuring that reference animals are closely related to the current selection candidates.
Book Synopsis Genetic Variance and Covariance Compenents for Feed Intake, Average Daily Gain, and Postweaning Gain and Indices to Improve Feed Efficiency in Growing Beef Cattle by : Kelli June Retallick
Download or read book Genetic Variance and Covariance Compenents for Feed Intake, Average Daily Gain, and Postweaning Gain and Indices to Improve Feed Efficiency in Growing Beef Cattle written by Kelli June Retallick and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed is the single most expensive cost related to beef cattle production. Currently a 70 d performance test is recommended for accurate calculation of efficiency. Previous research has suggested intake tests can be limited to 35 d. Objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for growth and intake traits, compare two alternative indices for feed efficiency, and quantify the genetic response to selection for feed efficiency combining an intake test with two types of gain data. On-test average daily feed intake (ADFI), on-test average daily gain (ADG), and postweaning gain (PWG) records on 5,606 growing steers and heifers were obtained from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center, NE. On-test ADFI and ADG data were collected from a minimum of 62 to 148 d testing days. Independent quadratic regressions were fitted for body weight on time, and on-test ADG was predicted from the resulting equations. PWG was calculated by subtracting adjusted 205-d weights from 365-d weights and dividing by 160. Genetic correlations were estimated using multiple trait animal mixed models with ADG, ADFI, and PWG for both sexes as dependent variables. The genetic correlations between ADG and PWG for both steers (0.81) and heifers (0.65) were strong. This indicates PWG is a strong proxy for ADG on-test and long test periods may not be necessary. Indices combining EBVs for ADFI and ADG and for ADFI and PWG were evaluated. For each index, the weighting of gain was arbitrarily set to 1.0 and the weighting for ADFI was the negative of the average of the intra-contemporary group ratio of mean gain divided by mean ADFI. Values were combined with EBV to compute two index values per animal. Pearson correlations for steers (0.96) and heifers (0.45) indicated a strong relationship for steers between the indices. Because more animals can be measured for intake, using PWG increases genetic progress of selection for feed efficiency by 15-17% per year. These findings support using PWG data in combination with ADFI to determine efficient animals, lessen costs, and increase annual feed efficiency genetic change.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Models for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: 1. Feed Libraries, 2. Ruminal Nitrogen and Branched-chain Volatile Fatty Acid Deficiencies, 3. Diet Optimization, 4. Energy Requirement for Maintenance and Growth by : Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Models for the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: 1. Feed Libraries, 2. Ruminal Nitrogen and Branched-chain Volatile Fatty Acid Deficiencies, 3. Diet Optimization, 4. Energy Requirement for Maintenance and Growth written by Luis Orlindo Tedeschi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Models were developed and evaluated for application within the structure of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) to improve its' usefulness in Latin America. In Chapter 2, it was demonstrated that published tabular values are not reliable in predicting feed energy values in specific production situations. When tested with animal performance, the r2 of observed versus predicted ADG using tabular, Weiss, and CNCPS TDN were 0.61, 0.73, and 0.80 for ME allowable ADG. In Chapter 3, published data were used to develop a library of feeds common to Latin America for the CNCPS model. The TDN predicted with level 2 agreed with those predicted by the Weiss equation (r2 = 93%). In Chapter 4, practical laboratory procedures for determining the amino acid content of ruminally-undegraded protein were examined in 14 forages. No difference was observed between the AA profile of the original forage and that of the insoluble protein (P> 0.05). In Chapter 5, a model developed to adjust the CNCPS prediction of fiber digestion and microbial protein from ruminally-degraded carbohydrate to accommodate a ruminal N deficiency was presented. The evaluation indicated the adjustment decreased the CNCPS overprediction of ADG from 19.2 to 4.7%. A model to adjust for branched-chain AA deficiency was proposed in Chapter 6. In Chapter 7 the N deficiency model was evaluated with steers fed N deficient diets alone or with no supplemental N or supplemented with a slow release urea product (O) or urea (U). The CNCPS accounted for 91% of the variation in ADG with a 6% bias, and there was no advantage of feeding O compared to U. In Chapter 8, a model to optimize diets with linear programming within the CNCPS structure was presented. Chapter 9 presented the energy requirements for maintenance and growth for Nellore cattle. The net energy requirement for maintenance was 76 kcal/kg0.75 EBW, but ME to NE efficiency was greater for steers than bulls (70.6 and 65.2, respectively). Chapter 10 presented a growth model developed to predict body weight and body fat.
Book Synopsis Multiple Trait Genetic Evaluation of Beef Cattle Data by : Aldo Monti
Download or read book Multiple Trait Genetic Evaluation of Beef Cattle Data written by Aldo Monti and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selection of livestock is usually made trying to take into account several traits simunltaneously, which are more or less correlated in a phenotypic or genotypic way. Multiple Trait Genetic Evaluation is the optimum methodology for ranking animals, based on mixed model genetic evaluations - Best Linear Unbiased Prediction and Estimated Breeding Values. The objective of this work is to discuss the aspects and implement suitable elements of this methodology to propose a model for multiple trait genetic evaluation of Angus beef cattle.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition by : J. France
Download or read book Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition written by J. France and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of each of the subsequent chapters of this book is to promulgate quantitative approaches concerned with elucidating mechanisms in a particular area of the nutrition of ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish or pets. Given the diverse scientific backgrounds of the contributors of each chapter (the chapters in the book are arranged according to subject area), the imposition of a rigid format for presenting mathematical material has been eschewed, though basic mathematical conventions are adhered to.
