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Genetic Control Of Neuronal Migrations In Human Cortical Development
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Book Synopsis Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development by : Gundela Meyer
Download or read book Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development written by Gundela Meyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early steps in corticogenesis are decisive for the correct unfolding of neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation under tight genetic control. In this monograph, the author outlines the main events in human preplate formation according to their timetable of appearance and the expression of developmentally relevant gene products. Also examined are the gradual transformation of the preplate into the cortical plate, and the establishment of the transient compartments of the foetal cortical wall.
Book Synopsis Cortical Development by : Gregory R. Bock
Download or read book Cortical Development written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the brain and its devastating diseases, we need to reveal the mechanisms that produce it and the ways in which it can constantly change throughout a lifetime. This book features a timely and insightful discussion between developmental neurobiologists and clinicians who deal with disorders of the nervous system. Chapters in this book deal specifically with cell fate determination, cell migration and disorders of cell migration; current concepts and new ideas about cortical arealisation, and disorders which can arise from incorrect arealisation; genes implicated in the development of cortical connectivity and related pathologies such as schizophrenia and synaesthesia; and susceptibility genes for cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder.
Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Book Synopsis Identification and Characterisation of Novel Genetic Factors which Promote Neuronal Differentiation During Cerebral Cortex Development by : Ivan Enghian Gladwyn-Ng
Download or read book Identification and Characterisation of Novel Genetic Factors which Promote Neuronal Differentiation During Cerebral Cortex Development written by Ivan Enghian Gladwyn-Ng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human cerebral cortex is highly adapted to process complex information. It plays a crucial role in the control of cognitive function, consciousness and intelligent behaviour [1-4]. These functions are dependent on the proper development of the cerebral cortex, which at its early stages involves the appropriate proliferation of progenitors and generation of postmitotic neurons [2, 5, 6]. Newborn neurons need to migrate to reach their appropriate position within the developing neocortex where they undergo terminal differentiation and form appropriate synaptic connections [7, 8]. During the course of neurodevelopment, excitatory projection neurons are generated from progenitors in the ventricular zone of the neocortex, and these migrate radially towards more superficial layers. Defects in neuronal migration lead to altered neuronal positioning and laminar patterning of the cortex, which can disrupt the assembly of functional cortical circuits [9-11].The developmental processes of neuronal migration, dendritic arborisation and synaptic connectivity are controlled by the coordinated expressions of genes, and mediated through the activities of DNA binding transcription factors (TFs) [12-14]. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that control TF activity in neuronal development within the mammalian cerebral cortex remain poorly characterised. Recent studies have shown that the transcription activator Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) [15, 16] and transcriptional Repressor Protein 58 (Rp58) [17, 18] coordinate neuronal migration in the developing cortex by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, including Rnd2 [15-18]. Specifically, it was found that Ngn2 controls the migration of embryonic cortical neurons through activation of Rnd2 expression [15, 16], whereas Rp58 suppresses Rnd2 as neurons complete their radial migration [17, 18]. While these studies highlight the interplay between these transcriptional regulators for the control of cell migration, what remains less well understood is the signalling pathways of Rnd2 in neuronal development, and the interactions between gene regulatory pathways of Ngn2 and Rp58, both of which likely specify other aspects of neuronal development, such as the dendritic differentiation of cortical neurons. The focus of this thesis is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that guide the radial migration and terminal differentiation of cerebral cortical neurons. In studies which address the protein signalling pathway for Rnd2 during neuronal development, I have identified Bacurd2, a member of the BTB-domain containing adaptor for Cul3-mediated RhoA degradation, as a novel interacting partner which promotes radial migration within the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex. I demonstrate that the interaction between Bacurd2 and Rnd2 is crucial for their combined roles in cell migration in vivo. My cellular analysis provides a basis for understanding the combined roles for Bacurd2 and Rnd2 in order to coordinate the multipolar-to-bipolar (MP-to-BP) transition of neurons as they migrate within the embryonic cortex. In further exploration of the biological functions for Bacurd2, and its related family member Bacurd1, I present evidence to suggest that disruptions to either of these genes impair the differentiation of neurons. Finally, I describe the generation of transgenic Rp58 mouse lines to study the development of post-migratory neurons within the cerebral cortex. Altogether, this thesis provides new insights into the development of cerebral cortical neurons and identifies Bacurds as new players in this process.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration during Corticogenesis by : Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration during Corticogenesis written by Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cerebral cortex plays central roles in many higher-order functions such as cognition, language, consciousness, and the control of voluntary behavior. These processes are performed by the densely interconnected networks of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons, and the balanced development of these two types of neuron is quite important. During cortical development, pyramidal neurons and interneurons show quite different migratory behaviors: radial migration and tangential migration, respectively. Pyramidal neurons are generated in the ventricular zone of the dorsal telencephalon, and migrate radially along radial glial fibers toward the pial surface, forming a six-layered cortical structure in an “ inside-out” manner. On the other hand, cortical interneurons are generated in the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence in the ventral telencephalon, and follow long tangential migratory paths into the cortex. Defects in these migration processes result in abnormalities in the cortical layer structure and neuronal networks, which may cause various neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. Accordingly, besides basic scientific interest, elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal migration is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. This Research Topic includes a series of articles ranging from the basic mechanism of neocortical development to the malformation and evolution of the neocortex. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations of neuronal migration and corticogenesis.
Book Synopsis Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development by : Gundela Meyer
Download or read book Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development written by Gundela Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-03 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early steps in corticogenesis are decisive for the correct unfolding of neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation under tight genetic control. In this monograph, the author outlines the main events in human preplate formation according to their timetable of appearance and the expression of developmentally relevant gene products. Also examined are the gradual transformation of the preplate into the cortical plate, and the establishment of the transient compartments of the foetal cortical wall.
Book Synopsis Special Issue: Genetic Control of Cortical Development by : John L. R. Rubenstein
Download or read book Special Issue: Genetic Control of Cortical Development written by John L. R. Rubenstein and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies by : Jeffrey Noebels
Download or read book Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Book Synopsis From Neurons to Neighborhoods by : National Research Council
Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Book Synopsis In Vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights Into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration by :
Download or read book In Vivo Cell Biology of Cerebral Cortical Development and Its Related Neurological Disorders: Cellular Insights Into Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain consists of a complex but precisely organized neural network, which provides the structural basis of higher order functions. Such a complex structure originates from a simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium. During the developing mammalian cerebral cortex, a cohort of neural progenitors, located near the ventricle, differentiates into neurons and exhibits multi-step modes of migration toward the pial surface. Tight regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal migration is essential for the determination of the neuron number in adult brains and the proper positioning of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a specific layer, respectively. In addition, defects in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can cause several neurological disorders, such as microcephaly, periventricular heterotopia and lissencephaly. Recent advances in genetic approaches to study the developing cerebral cortex, as well as the use of a number of novel techniques, particularly in vivo electroporation and time-lapse analyses using explant slice cultures, have significantly increased our understanding of cortical development. These novel techniques have allowed for cell biological analyses of cerebral cortical development in vivo or ex vivo, showing that many cellular events, including endocytosis, cell adhesion, microtubule and actin cytoskeletal regulation, neurotransmitter release, stress response, the consequence of cellular crowding (physical force), dynamics of transcription factors, midbody release and polarity transition are required for neurogenesis and/or neuronal migration. The aim of this research topic is to highlight molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebral cortical development and its related neurological disorders from the cell biological point of views, such as cell division, cell-cycle regulation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and membrane trafficking. The topic has been organized into three chapters: 1) neurogenesis and cell fate determination, 2) neuronal migration and 3) cortical development-related neurological disorders. We hope that the results and discussions contributed by all authors in this research topic will be broadly useful for further advances in basic research, as well as improvements in the etiology and care of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections by : J.J. LoTurco
Download or read book Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by J.J. LoTurco and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reelin Glycoprotein by : S.H. Fatemi
Download or read book Reelin Glycoprotein written by S.H. Fatemi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Book Synopsis Special issue: genetic control of cortical development by :
Download or read book Special issue: genetic control of cortical development written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis by :
Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration During Corticogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cerebral cortex plays central roles in many higher-order functions such as cognition, language, consciousness, and the control of voluntary behavior. These processes are performed by the densely interconnected networks of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons, and the balanced development of these two types of neuron is quite important. During cortical development, pyramidal neurons and interneurons show quite different migratory behaviors: radial migration and tangential migration, respectively. Pyramidal neurons are generated in the ventricular zone of the dorsal telencephalon, and migrate radially along radial glial fibers toward the pial surface, forming a six-layered cortical structure in an " inside-out" manner. On the other hand, cortical interneurons are generated in the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence in the ventral telencephalon, and follow long tangential migratory paths into the cortex. Defects in these migration processes result in abnormalities in the cortical layer structure and neuronal networks, which may cause various neurological and psychiatric conditions such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. Accordingly, besides basic scientific interest, elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal migration is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. This Research Topic includes a series of articles ranging from the basic mechanism of neocortical development to the malformation and evolution of the neocortex. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations of neuronal migration and corticogenesis.
Book Synopsis Clonal Architecture and Genetic Regulation of the Developing Mammalian Cerebral Cortex by : Ellen M. DeGennaro
Download or read book Clonal Architecture and Genetic Regulation of the Developing Mammalian Cerebral Cortex written by Ellen M. DeGennaro and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammalian brain is a remarkably intricate organ that starts out as a single layer of epithelial cells. Over the course of development, this single layer of cells grows into many layers of neurons and glia that differentiate into genetically-defined subtypes residing in different regions of the brain with different mature functions. While development is ongoing, it is challenging to study individual cells as they divide, differentiate, and migrate through the growing layers of tissue. However, it is possible to learn about this process indirectly through the use of multiple in vitro and in vivo models of mammalian brains. This thesis examines how brains develop at the single-cell level by first establishing a new technique to study the relationship between cell lineage and developmental gene expression in the mouse brain, as well as the gyrencephalic or folded ferret brain, which is more structurally similar to the human brain. In a subsequent chapter recently published in Developmental Cell, I show how we utilized specific patient mutations in the gene KIF26A to elucidate the developmental roles of this gene in cell migration, axon and dendrite growth, and apoptosis. For final chapter, published in 2021 in Neuron, I describe our work investigating changes in gene regulatory programs that are important for brain development over the course of mammalian and human-specific evolution.
Book Synopsis Mouse Brain Development by : Andre M. Goffinet
Download or read book Mouse Brain Development written by Andre M. Goffinet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian brain development remains limited. However, the last few years have wit nessed a quantum leap in our knowledge, due to technological improve ments, particularly in molecular genetics. Despite this progress, the available body of data remains mostly phenomenological and reveals very little about the grammar that organizes the molecular dictionary to articulate a pheno type. Nevertheless, the recent progress in genetics will allow us to contem plate, for the first time, the integration of observation into a coherent view of brain development. Clearly, this may be a major challenge for the next century, and arguably is the most important task of contemporary develop mental biology. The purpose of the present book is to provide an overview that syn thesizes up-to-date information on selected aspects of mouse brain devel opment. Given the format, it was not possible to cover all aspects of brain development, and many important subjects are missing. The selected themes are, to a certain extent, subjective and reflect the interests of the contributing authors. Examples of major themes that are not covered are peripheral nervous system development, including myelination, the development of the hippocampus and several other CNS structures, as well as the developmental function of some important morphoregulatory molecules.
Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration by : Laurent Nguyen
Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration written by Laurent Nguyen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration provides an up-to-date collection of reviews on the molecular and cellular principles of neuronal migration in the mammalian brain. Over the last decades a rich catalogue of signaling molecules controlling neuronal migration has been compiled, and within this book an international panel of experts provides up-to-date discussions of the state of knowledge how these distinct signaling pathways regulate various aspects of neuronal migration. This book introduces the reader to the latest discoveries and concepts of neuronal migration enabled through the application of most sophisticated methods and cutting edge experimental approaches. Cellular and Molecular Control of Neuronal Migration also provides an update on the underlying cellular and molecular basis of neurodevelopmental migration disorders in human patients for all interested neuroscientists and clinicians.
