Generating And Interpreting Referring Expressions In Context

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Generating and Interpreting Referring Expressions in Context

Author : Dustin Arthur Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Generating and Interpreting Referring Expressions in Context by : Dustin Arthur Smith

Download or read book Generating and Interpreting Referring Expressions in Context written by Dustin Arthur Smith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Referring expressions with vague and ambiguous modifiers, such as "a quick visit" and "the big meeting," are difficult for computers to interpret because their meanings are defined in part by context. For the hearer to arrive at the speaker's intended meaning, he must consider the alternative decisions that the speaker was faced with in context. To address these challenges, I propose a new approach to both generating and interpreting referring expressions based on belief-state planning and plan recognition. Planning in belief space offers a way to capture referential uncertainty and the incremental nature of generating and interpretation, because each belief state represents a complete interpretation. The contributions of my thesis are as follows: (1) A computational model of reference generation and interpretation that is fast, incremental, and non-deterministic. This model includes a lexical semantics for a fragment of English noun phrases, which specifies the encoded meanings of determiners (quantifiers and articles), gradable and ambiguous modifiers. It performs in real time, even when the hypothesis space grows very large. Because it's incremental, it avoids considering possibilities that will later turn out to be irrelevant. (2) The integration of generation and interpretation into a single process. Interpretation is guided by comparison to alternatives produced by the generation module. When faced with an underspecified description, the system uses what it could have said and compares that to what the user did say. Reasoning about alternative decisions facilitates inferences of this sort: "She ate some of the tuna" means not all of it, otherwise you would have said, "She ate the tuna." This approach has been implemented and evaluated using a computational model, AIGRE. I also created a testbed for comparing human judgments of referring expressions to those produced by our algorithm (or others). In an online user experiment with Mechanical Turk, we attained 94% coverage of human responses in a simple geometrical domain, as well as lower, but still encouraging, coverage in a more complex, real-world domain. The model, AIGRE, demonstrates that managing the vagueness and ambiguity in natural language, while still not easy, is nevertheless possible. The day where we will routinely talk to our computers in unconstrained natural language is not far off.

Referring expression generation in context

Author : Fahime Same
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961104719
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Referring expression generation in context by : Fahime Same

Download or read book Referring expression generation in context written by Fahime Same and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reference production, often termed Referring Expression Generation (REG) in computational linguistics, encompasses two distinct tasks: (1) one-shot REG, and (2) REG-in-context. One-shot REG explores which properties of a referent offer a unique description of it. In contrast, REG-in-context asks which (anaphoric) referring expressions are optimal at various points in discourse. This book offers a series of in-depth studies of the REG-in-context task. It thoroughly explores various aspects of the task such as corpus selection, computational methods, feature analysis, and evaluation techniques. The comparative study of different corpora highlights the pivotal role of corpus choice in REG-in-context research, emphasizing its influence on all subsequent model development steps. An experimental analysis of various feature-based machine learning models reveals that those with a concise set of linguistically-informed features can rival models with more features. Furthermore, this work highlights the importance of paragraph-related concepts, an area underexplored in Natural Language Generation (NLG). The book offers a thorough evaluation of different approaches to the REG-in-context task (rule-based, feature-based, and neural end-to-end), and demonstrates that well-crafted, non-neural models are capable of matching or surpassing the performance of neural REG-in-context models. In addition, the book delves into post-hoc experiments, aimed at improving the explainability of both neural and classical REG-in-context models. It also addresses other critical topics, such as the limitations of accuracy-based evaluation metrics and the essential role of human evaluation in NLG research. These studies collectively advance our understanding of REG-in-context. They highlight the importance of selecting appropriate corpora and targeted features. They show the need for context-aware modeling and the value of a comprehensive approach to model evaluation and interpretation. This detailed analysis of REG-in-context paves the way for developing more sophisticated, linguistically-informed, and contextually appropriate NLG systems.

Referring expression generation in context

Author : Fahime Same
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3985541000
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (855 download)

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Book Synopsis Referring expression generation in context by : Fahime Same

Download or read book Referring expression generation in context written by Fahime Same and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reference production, often termed Referring Expression Generation (REG) in computational linguistics, encompasses two distinct tasks: (1) one-shot REG, and (2) REG-in-context. One-shot REG explores which properties of a referent offer a unique description of it. In contrast, REG-in-context asks which (anaphoric) referring expressions are optimal at various points in discourse. This book offers a series of in-depth studies of the REG-in-context task. It thoroughly explores various aspects of the task such as corpus selection, computational methods, feature analysis, and evaluation techniques. The comparative study of different corpora highlights the pivotal role of corpus choice in REG-in-context research, emphasizing its influence on all subsequent model development steps. An experimental analysis of various feature-based machine learning models reveals that those with a concise set of linguistically-informed features can rival models with more features. Furthermore, this work highlights the importance of paragraph-related concepts, an area underexplored in Natural Language Generation (NLG). The book offers a thorough evaluation of different approaches to the REG-in-context task (rule-based, feature-based, and neural end-to-end), and demonstrates that well-crafted, non-neural models are capable of matching or surpassing the performance of neural REG-in-context models. In addition, the book delves into post-hoc experiments, aimed at improving the explainability of both neural and classical REG-in-context models. It also addresses other critical topics, such as the limitations of accuracy-based evaluation metrics and the essential role of human evaluation in NLG research. These studies collectively advance our understanding of REG-in-context. They highlight the importance of selecting appropriate corpora and targeted features. They show the need for context-aware modeling and the value of a comprehensive approach to model evaluation and interpretation. This detailed analysis of REG-in-context paves the way for developing more sophisticated, linguistically-informed, and contextually appropriate NLG systems.

Human-Robot Interaction

Author : Céline Jost
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030423077
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Human-Robot Interaction by : Céline Jost

Download or read book Human-Robot Interaction written by Céline Jost and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first comprehensive yet critical overview of methods used to evaluate interaction between humans and social robots. It reviews commonly used evaluation methods, and shows that they are not always suitable for this purpose. Using representative case studies, the book identifies good and bad practices for evaluating human-robot interactions and proposes new standardized processes as well as recommendations, carefully developed on the basis of intensive discussions between specialists in various HRI-related disciplines, e.g. psychology, ethology, ergonomics, sociology, ethnography, robotics, and computer science. The book is the result of a close, long-standing collaboration between the editors and the invited contributors, including, but not limited to, their inspiring discussions at the workshop on Evaluation Methods Standardization for Human-Robot Interaction (EMSHRI), which have been organized yearly since 2015. By highlighting and weighing good and bad practices in evaluation design for HRI, the book will stimulate the scientific community to search for better solutions, take advantages of interdisciplinary collaborations, and encourage the development of new standards to accommodate the growing presence of robots in the day-to-day and social lives of human beings.

Generating Referring Expressions

Author : Robert Dale
Publisher : Bradford Book
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Generating Referring Expressions by : Robert Dale

Download or read book Generating Referring Expressions written by Robert Dale and published by Bradford Book. This book was released on 1992 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Dale presents a detailed description of the development of algorithms for the generation of referring expressions, and of the underlying structures that motivate these algorithms, in a dynamic domain. He provides a number of novel results in both knowledge representation and natural language generation that should have straightforward applications in other domains. Dale describes EPICURE, a natural language generating system, and its capacity to create referring expressions in a domain embodying several interesting features: The entities in the domain consist of masses and sets as well as the more usual singular individuals; during the development of a discourse, the entities may take on new properties, existing entities may be destroyed, and new entities may be created; and the discourses within which the entities appear are hierarchically structured, allowing for the integration of discourse-structural constraints on the use of anaphoric expressions. EPICURE is designed to generate text from underlying plans. Dale uses cooking recipes as examples, showing how the system must determine what level of explanation is required and how the events in the plan must be modeled to ensure that the references generated are accurate.

Referring Expressions, Pragmatics, and Style

Author : Kate Scott
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110717757X
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Referring Expressions, Pragmatics, and Style by : Kate Scott

Download or read book Referring Expressions, Pragmatics, and Style written by Kate Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A relevance-theoretic account of reference, with a focus on its role in creating stylistic, attitudinal and emotional effects.

Modeling and Using Context

Author : Patrick Brézillon
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642409725
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Using Context by : Patrick Brézillon

Download or read book Modeling and Using Context written by Patrick Brézillon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, CONTEXT 2013, held in Annecy, France, in October/November 2013. The 23 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. In addition the book contains two keynote speeches and 9 poster papers. They cover cutting-edge results from the wide range of disciplines concerned with context, including: Cognitive Sciences (Linguistics, Psychology, Computer Science, Neuroscience), and computer science (artificial intelligence, logics, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, context-awareness systems), and the Social Sciences and Organizational Sciences, as well as the Humanities and all application areas, including Medicine and Law.

Computer Vision – ECCV 2016

Author : Bastian Leibe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319464930
Total Pages : 902 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer Vision – ECCV 2016 by : Bastian Leibe

Download or read book Computer Vision – ECCV 2016 written by Bastian Leibe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eight-volume set comprising LNCS volumes 9905-9912 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2016, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in October 2016. The 415 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1480 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of computer vision and pattern recognition such as 3D computer vision; computational photography, sensing and display; face and gesture; low-level vision and image processing; motion and tracking; optimization methods; physicsbased vision, photometry and shape-from-X; recognition: detection, categorization, indexing, matching; segmentation, grouping and shape representation; statistical methods and learning; video: events, activities and surveillance; applications. They are organized in topical sections on detection, recognition and retrieval; scene understanding; optimization; image and video processing; learning; action activity and tracking; 3D; and 9 poster sessions.

Process Models of Reference in Context

Author : James A. Levin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Process Models of Reference in Context by : James A. Levin

Download or read book Process Models of Reference in Context written by James A. Levin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reference is a central issue for language comprehension and generation. After reviewing existing process models for comprehending and generating referring expressions, we present a general framework for context and reference processing. The context for reference processing is represented as a Public Workspace. Reference processes access Public Workspace and modify its content, which is the set of concepts currently on the table as far as the current language interaction is concerned. Information from many different sources can be integrated in comprehending or generating referring expressions. Within this general framework, a new system for selectively generating referring phrases is developed. This system decides how much to express about a given concept in a given context. (Author).

Conceptual Exploration

Author : Bernhard Ganter
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662492911
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Exploration by : Bernhard Ganter

Download or read book Conceptual Exploration written by Bernhard Ganter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook on attribute exploration, its theory, its algorithms forapplications, and some of its many possible generalizations. Attribute explorationis useful for acquiring structured knowledge through an interactive process, byasking queries to an expert. Generalizations that handle incomplete, faulty, orimprecise data are discussed, but the focus lies on knowledge extraction from areliable information source.The method is based on Formal Concept Analysis, a mathematical theory ofconcepts and concept hierarchies, and uses its expressive diagrams. The presentationis self-contained. It provides an introduction to Formal Concept Analysiswith emphasis on its ability to derive algebraic structures from qualitative data,which can be represented in meaningful and precise graphics.

Information Sharing

Author : Kees van Deemter
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Information Sharing by : Kees van Deemter

Download or read book Information Sharing written by Kees van Deemter and published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion. This book was released on 2002 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept of information sharing as an area of cognitive science, defining it as the process by which speakers depend on "given" information to convey "new" information--an idea crucial to language engineering. Where previous work in information sharing was often fragmented between different disciplines, this volume brings together theoretical and applied work, and joins computational contributions with papers based on analyses of language corpora and on psycholinguistic experimentation.

Crafting Interpreters

Author : Robert Nystrom
Publisher : Genever Benning
ISBN 13 : 0990582949
Total Pages : 1021 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Crafting Interpreters by : Robert Nystrom

Download or read book Crafting Interpreters written by Robert Nystrom and published by Genever Benning. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 1021 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite using them every day, most software engineers know little about how programming languages are designed and implemented. For many, their only experience with that corner of computer science was a terrifying "compilers" class that they suffered through in undergrad and tried to blot from their memory as soon as they had scribbled their last NFA to DFA conversion on the final exam. That fearsome reputation belies a field that is rich with useful techniques and not so difficult as some of its practitioners might have you believe. A better understanding of how programming languages are built will make you a stronger software engineer and teach you concepts and data structures you'll use the rest of your coding days. You might even have fun. This book teaches you everything you need to know to implement a full-featured, efficient scripting language. You'll learn both high-level concepts around parsing and semantics and gritty details like bytecode representation and garbage collection. Your brain will light up with new ideas, and your hands will get dirty and calloused. Starting from main(), you will build a language that features rich syntax, dynamic typing, garbage collection, lexical scope, first-class functions, closures, classes, and inheritance. All packed into a few thousand lines of clean, fast code that you thoroughly understand because you wrote each one yourself.

Natural Language Generation

Author : Anja Belz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540278230
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Language Generation by : Anja Belz

Download or read book Natural Language Generation written by Anja Belz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Third International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG 2004) was held from 14th to 16th July 2004 at Careys Manor, Brockenhurst, UK. Supported by the Association for Computational Linguistics Special - terest Group on Generation, the conference continued a twenty-year tradition of biennial international meetings on research into natural language generation. Recent conference venues have included Mitzpe Ramon, Israel (INLG 2000) and New York, USA (INLG 2002). It was our pleasure to invite the thriving and friendly NLG research community to the beautiful New Forest in the south of England for INLG 2004. INLG is the leading international conference in the ?eld of natural language generation. It provides a forum for the presentation and discussion of original research on all aspects of the generation of language, including psychological modelling of human language production as well as computational approaches to the automatic generation of language. This volume includes a paper by the keynote speaker, Ardi Roelofs of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholingu- tics and the F. C. Donders Centre for CognitiveNeuroimaging,18 regular papers reportingthelatestresearchresultsanddirections,and4studentpapersdescr- ing doctoral work in progress. These papers reveal a particular concentration of current research e?ort on statistical and machine learning methods, on referring expressions, and on variation in surface realisation. The papers were selected from 46 submissions from all over the world (27 from Europe, 13 from North America, 6 from elsewhere), which were subjected to a rigorous double-blind reviewing process undertaken by our hard-working programme committee.

Models of Reference

Author : Kees van Deemter
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889451607
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Reference by : Kees van Deemter

Download or read book Models of Reference written by Kees van Deemter and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To communicate, speakers need to make it clear what they are talking about. Referring expressions play a crucial part in achieving this, by anchoring utterances to things. Examples of referring expressions include noun phrases such as “this phenomenon”, “it” and “the phenomenon to which this Topic is devoted”. Reference is studied throughout the Cognitive Sciences (from philosophy and logic to neuro-psychology, computer science and linguistics), because it is thought to lie at the core of all of communication. Recent years have seen a new wave of work on models of referring, as witnessed by a number of recent research projects, books, and journal Special Issues. The Research Topic “Models of Reference” in Frontiers in Psychology is a new milestone, focusing on contributions from Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics. The articles in it are concerned with such issues as audience design, overspecification, visual perception, and variation between speakers.

Formal Aspects of Context

Author : Pierre Bonzon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593973
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Aspects of Context by : Pierre Bonzon

Download or read book Formal Aspects of Context written by Pierre Bonzon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We welcome Volume 20, Formal Aspects of Context. Context has always been recognised as strongly relevant to models in language, philosophy, logic and artifi cial intelligence. In recent years theoretical advances in these areas and especially in logic have accelerated the study of context in the international community. An annual conference is held and many researchers have come to realise that many of the old puzzles should be reconsidered with proper attention to context. The volume editors and contributors are from among the most active front-line researchers in the area and the contents shows how wide and vigorous this area is. There are strong scientific connections with earlier volumes in the series. I am confident that the appearance of this book in our series will help secure the study of context as an important area of applied logic. D.M.Gabbay INTRODUCTION This book is a result of the First International and Interdisciplinary Con ference on Modelling and Using Context, which was organised in Rio de Janeiro in January 1997, and contains a selection of the papers presented there, refereed and revised through a process of anonymous peer review. The treatment of contexts as bona-fide objects of logical formalisation has gained wide acceptance in recent years, following the seminal impetus by McCarthy in his 'lUring award address.

Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics

Author : J.L. Mey
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008096298X
Total Pages : 1183 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics by : J.L. Mey

Download or read book Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics written by J.L. Mey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-07 with total page 1183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics, Second Edition (COPE) is an authoritative single-volume reference resource comprehensively describing the discipline of pragmatics, an important branch of natural language study dealing with the study of language in it's entire user-related theoretical and practical complexity. As a derivative volume from Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Second Edition, it comprises contributions from the foremost scholars of semantics in their various specializations and draws on 20+ years of development in the parent work in a compact and affordable format. Principally intended for tertiary level inquiry and research, this will be invaluable as a reference work for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as academics inquiring into the study of meaning and meaning relations within languages. As pragmatics is a centrally important and inherently cross-cutting area within linguistics, it will therefore be relevant not just for meaning specialists, but for most linguistic audiences. Edited by Jacob Mey, a leading pragmatics specialist, and authored by experts The latest trends in the field authoritatively reviewed and interpreted in context of related disciplines Drawn from the richest, most authoritative, comprehensive and internationally acclaimed reference resource in the linguistics area Compact and affordable single volume reference format

Empirical Methods in Natural Language Generation

Author : Emiel Krahmer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642155731
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirical Methods in Natural Language Generation by : Emiel Krahmer

Download or read book Empirical Methods in Natural Language Generation written by Emiel Krahmer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-08-17 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural language generation (NLG) is a subfield of natural language processing (NLP) that is often characterized as the study of automatically converting non-linguistic representations (e.g., from databases or other knowledge sources) into coherent natural language text. In recent years the field has evolved substantially. Perhaps the most important new development is the current emphasis on data-oriented methods and empirical evaluation. Progress in related areas such as machine translation, dialogue system design and automatic text summarization and the resulting awareness of the importance of language generation, the increasing availability of suitable corpora in recent years, and the organization of shared tasks for NLG, where different teams of researchers develop and evaluate their algorithms on a shared, held out data set have had a considerable impact on the field, and this book offers the first comprehensive overview of recent empirically oriented NLG research.