From Models To Drawings

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From Models to Drawings

Author : Marco Frascari
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134719558
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis From Models to Drawings by : Marco Frascari

Download or read book From Models to Drawings written by Marco Frascari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection addresses the vital role of the imagination in the critical interpretation of architectural representations. By challenging the contemporary tendency for computer-aided drawings to become mere ‘models’ for imitation in the construction of buildings, the articles explore the broader range of methods and meanings at stake in the creation and interpretation of architectural drawings, models, images and artefacts. These critical – and often practice-led – investigations are placed alongside a range of historical studies considering the development of representational techniques such as perspective, orthography and diagramming. By also addressing the use of visual representation in a number of related disciplines such as visual arts, film, performance and literature, the book opens up debates in architecture to important developments in other fields. This book is key reading for all students of architecture and architectural theory.

Drawing from the Model

Author : Frank Melendez
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119115620
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Drawing from the Model by : Frank Melendez

Download or read book Drawing from the Model written by Frank Melendez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges traditional and contemporary methods of creating architectural design drawings and 3D models through digital tools and computational processes. Drawing from the Model: Fundamentals of Digital Drawing, 3D Modeling, and Visual Programming in Architectural Design presents architectural design students, educators, and professionals with a broad overview of traditional and contemporary architectural representation methods. The book offers insights into developments in computing in relation to architectural drawing and modeling, by addressing historical analog methods of architectural drawing based on descriptive geometry and projection, and transitioning to contemporary digital methods based on computational processes and emerging technologies. Drawing from the Model offers digital tools, techniques, and workflows for producing architectural design drawings (plans, sections, elevations, axonometrics, and perspectives), using contemporary 2D drawing and 3D modeling design software. Visual programming is introduced to address topics of parametric modeling, algorithmic design, computational simulations, physical computing, and robotics. The book focuses on digital design software used in higher education and industry, including Robert McNeel & Associates Rhinoceros® (Rhino 6 for Windows), Grasshopper®, Adobe Illustrator® CC, and Arduino, and features an appendix filled with 10 design drawing and 3D modeling exercises intended as educational and pedagogical examples for readers to practice and/or teach workflows that are addresses in the book. Bridges analog hand-drawing and digital design drawing techniques Provides comprehensive coverage of architectural representation, computing, computer-aided drafting, and 3D modeling tools, techniques, and workflows, for contemporary architectural design drawing aesthetics and graphics. Introduces topics of parametric modeling, algorithmic design, computational simulation, physical computing, and robotics through visual programming environments and processes. Features tutorial-based instruction using the latest versions of Rhinoceros® (Rhino 6 for Windows), Grasshopper®, Adobe Illustrator® CC, and Arduino.

The Routledge Companion to Architectural Drawings and Models

Author : Federica Goffi
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100055032X
Total Pages : 869 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Architectural Drawings and Models by : Federica Goffi

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Architectural Drawings and Models written by Federica Goffi and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-05-30 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architectural drawings and models are instruments of imagination, communication, and historical continuity. The role of drawings and models, and their ownership, placement, and authorship in a ubiquitous digital age deserve careful consideration. Expanding on the well-established discussion of the translation from drawings to buildings, this book fills a lacuna in current scholarship, questioning the significance of the lives of drawings and models after construction. Including emerging, well-known, and world-renowned scholars in the fields of architectural history and theory and curatorial practices, the thirty-five contributions define recent research in four key areas: drawing sites/sites of knowledge construction: drawing, office, construction site; the afterlife of drawings and models: archiving, collecting, displaying, and exhibiting; tools of making: architectural representations and their apparatus over time; and the ethical responsibilities of collecting and archiving: authorship, ownership, copyrights, and rights to copy. The research covers a wide range of geographies and delves into the practices of such architects as Sir John Soane, Superstudio, Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Frank Lloyd Wright, Wajiro Kon, Germán Samper Gnecco, A+PS, Mies van der Rohe, and Renzo Piano.

Line Drawings from 3D Models

Author : PIERRE. HERTZMANN BENARD (AARON.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680835908
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Line Drawings from 3D Models by : PIERRE. HERTZMANN BENARD (AARON.)

Download or read book Line Drawings from 3D Models written by PIERRE. HERTZMANN BENARD (AARON.) and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing is the starting point for many kinds of tasks, for everyone from children making pictures to professional architects sketching ideas. Drawing seems to be fundamentally connected to how we represent the world visually. Most computer graphics focuses on realistic visual simulation, but over the past few decades, line drawing algorithms have matured, providing the ability to automatically create reasonable line drawings from 3D geometry. This tutorial provides a detailed guide to the mathematical theory and computer algorithms for line drawing of 3D objects. It focuses on the curves known as contours as they are the most important curves for line drawing of 3D surfaces. The authors describe the different algorithms required to compute and render these curves, before going on to explain boundary curves and surface-surface intersection curves. The tutorial concludes with other topics in 3D non-photorealistic rendering including: other types of curves, stroke rendering, and non-photorealistic shading. Line Drawings from 3D Models: A Tutorial is a concise, yet comprehensive, introduction to an increasingly important topic in computer graphics. The extensive bibliography is invaluable for readers wishing to further their own research in the area.

Architecture Through Drawing

Author : Desley Luscombe
Publisher : Lund Humphries Publishers Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781848223776
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Architecture Through Drawing by : Desley Luscombe

Download or read book Architecture Through Drawing written by Desley Luscombe and published by Lund Humphries Publishers Limited. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architecture through Drawing examines how drawing - as both action and object - encapsulates complex ideas relating to culture, technology, space and the built environment. Bringing together an array of beautiful and rarely seen drawings dating from the sixteenth century to the present day, all representing different geographical locations, techniques, methodologies and purposes, the book defines a new field for the subject of the drawing in architecture. It reveals the motives for architectural drawing beyond the requirement to document the processes that underpin the realisation of the architectural object. This book asks, fundamentally, whether drawings can illuminate new interpretations of architectural experimentation. Examples range from initial sketches by architects to analytical and construction drawings, perspectives and schematics, collage and more complex presentations and paintings often carried out in association with others. Dialogues include Fabrizio Ballabio on Filippo Juvarra's Ottoboni Theatre; Desley Luscombe on Ludwig Mies van der Rohe; Mark Dorrian on Michael Webb; Nicholas Olsberg on Victorian architects William Butterfield, Norman Shaw and GE Street; Charles Rice on James Gowan; Laurent Stalder on perspective in postwar housing; Helen Thomas on the covers of San Rocco; John Macarthur on clouds; Markus Lähteenmaäki on Superstudio; and Erik Wegerhoff on the Viennese Auto-Expander. The volume is rounded off with an epilogue, 'The Limits of Drawing', by Adrian Forty and Sophie Read.

Figure Drawing Without a Model

Author : Ron Tiner
Publisher : David & Charles
ISBN 13 : 9781446310144
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Figure Drawing Without a Model by : Ron Tiner

Download or read book Figure Drawing Without a Model written by Ron Tiner and published by David & Charles. This book was released on 2024-02-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the basics of drawing from life, to drawing the human figure from memory, Figure Drawing without a Model is the perfect introduction to the technique of drawing accurate and evocative figures without a life model. Author Ron Tiner offers a course of instruction illustrated with his own work that is designed to encourage artists of all levels and abilities, including cartoonists and graphic artists. Starting with informal sketches and a brief introduction to anatomical structure, readers are guided through the process of bringing a figure to life on the page through lessons in figure movement, exploring how the body shows its age, expresses emotion and displays character. Perfect for all artists, from the beginner to the more experienced, the breadth of styles and depth of knowledge conveyed from a master of the craft makes it easy to learn the art of figure drawing.

Oblique Drawing

Author : Massimo Scolari
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 : 9780262017749
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Oblique Drawing by : Massimo Scolari

Download or read book Oblique Drawing written by Massimo Scolari and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than half a century, Erwin Panofsky's Perspective as Symbolic Form has dominated studies of visual representation. Despite the hegemony of central projection, or perspective, other equally important methods of representation have much to tell us. Parallel projection can be found on classical Greek vases, in Pompeiian frescoes, in Byzantine mosaics; it returned in works of the historical avant-garde, and remains the dominant form of representation in China. In Oblique Drawing, Massimo Scolari investigates "anti-perspective" visual representation over two thousand years, finding in the course of his investigation that visual and conceptual representations are manifestations of the ideological and philosophical orientations of different cultures. Images prove to be not just a form of art but a form of thought, a projection of a way of life. Scolari's generously illustrated studies show that illusionistic perspective is not the only, or even the best, representation of objects in history; parallel projection, for example, preserves in scale the actual measurements of objects it represents, avoiding the distortions of one-point perspective. Scolari analyzes the use of nonperspectival representations in pre-Renaissance images of machines and military hardware, architectural models and drawings, and illustrations of geometrical solids. He challenges Panofsky's theory of Pompeiian perspective and explains the difficulties encountered by the Chinese when they viewed Jesuit missionaries' perspectival religious images. Scolari vividly demonstrates the diversity of representational forms devised through the centuries, and shows how each one reveals something that is lacking in the others.

Drawing for Urban Design

Author : Lorraine Farrelly
Publisher : Laurence King Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780675127
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Drawing for Urban Design by : Lorraine Farrelly

Download or read book Drawing for Urban Design written by Lorraine Farrelly and published by Laurence King Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architects and urban planners need to describe cities in the course of their work, be it through maps, diagrams, sketches, computer renderings or models. Drawing for Urban Design explores a wide range of ways to represent the city, from freehand sketching to sophisticated computer models. The book provides a practical introduction to these techniques for students while explaining the processes associated with describing and designing urban environments – it is an invaluable visual handbook for representing the contemporary city.

The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings

Author : Osamu (Art) A Wakita
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118086619
Total Pages : 1158 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings by : Osamu (Art) A Wakita

Download or read book The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings written by Osamu (Art) A Wakita and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practical, comprehensive handbook for creating effective architectural drawings In one beautifully illustrated volume, The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings, Fourth Edition presents the complete range of skills, concepts, principles, and applications that are needed to create a full set of architectural working drawings. Chapters proceed logically through each stage of development, beginning with site and floor plans and progressing to building sections, elevations, and additional drawings. Inside, you'll find: Coverage of the latest BIM technologies Environmental and human design considerations Supplemental step-by-step instructions for complex chapters Five case studies, including two that are new to this edition Hundreds of computer-generated drawings and photographs, including BIM models, three-dimensional models, and full-size buildings shown in virtual space Checklists similar to those used in architectural offices Tips and strategies for complete development of construction documents, from schematic design to construction administration With an emphasis on sustainability throughout, this new edition of The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings is an invaluable book for students in architecture, construction, engineering, interior design, and environmental design programs, as well as professionals in these fields.

Drawing Architecture

Author : Helen Thomas
Publisher : Phaidon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780714877150
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (771 download)

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Book Synopsis Drawing Architecture by : Helen Thomas

Download or read book Drawing Architecture written by Helen Thomas and published by Phaidon Press. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An elegant presentation of stunning and inspiring architectural drawings from antiquity to the present day Throughout history, architects have relied on drawings both to develop their ideas and communicate their vision to the world. This gorgeous collection brings together more than 250 of the finest architectural drawings of all time, revealing each architect's process and personality as never before. Creatively paired to stimulate the imagination, the illustrations span the centuries and range from sketches to renderings, simple to intricate, built projects to a utopian ideal, famous to rarely seen - a true celebration of the art of architecture. Visually paired images draw connections and contrasts between architecture from different times, styles, and places. From Michelangelo to Frank Gehry, Louise Bourgeois to Tadao Ando, B.V. Doshi to Zaha Hadid, and Grafton to Luis Barragán, the book shows the incredible variety and beauty of architectural drawings. Drawing Architecture is ideal for art and architecture lovers alike, as well as anyone interested in the intersection of creativity and history. From the publisher of Exhibit A: Exhibitions that Transformed Architecture, 1948-2000.

Stories from Architecture

Author : Philippa Lewis
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262543028
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Stories from Architecture by : Philippa Lewis

Download or read book Stories from Architecture written by Philippa Lewis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The imagined histories of twenty-five architectural drawings and models, told through reminiscences, stories, conversations, letters, and monologues. Even when an architectural drawing does not show any human figures, we can imagine many different characters just off the page: architects, artists, onlookers, clients, builders, developers, philanthropists—working, observing, admiring, arguing. In Stories from Architecture, Philippa Lewis captures some of these personalities through reminiscences, anecdotes, conversations, letters, and monologues that collectively offer the imagined histories of twenty-five architectural drawings. Some of these untold stories are factual, like Frank Lloyd Wright’s correspondence with a Wisconsin librarian regarding her $5,000 dream home, or letters written by the English architect John Nash to his irascible aristocratic client. Others recount a fictional, if credible, scenario by placing these drawings—and with them their characters—into their immediate social context. For instance, the dilemmas facing a Regency couple who are considering a move to a suburban villa; a request from the office of Richard Neutra for an assistant to measure Josef von Sternberg’s Rolls-Royce so that the director’s beloved vehicle might fit into the garage being designed by his architect; a teenager dreaming of a life away from parental supervision by gazing at a gadget-filled bachelor pad in Playboy magazine; even a policeman recording the ground plans of the house of a murder scene. The drawings, reproduced in color, are all sourced from the Drawing Matter collection in Somerset, UK, and are fascinating objects in themselves; but Lewis shifts our attention beyond the image to other possible histories that linger, invisible, beyond the page, and in the process animates not just a series of archival documents but the writing of architectural history.

Drawing Shortcuts

Author : Jim Leggitt
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047063913X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Drawing Shortcuts by : Jim Leggitt

Download or read book Drawing Shortcuts written by Jim Leggitt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated edition of a contemporary approach to merging traditional hand drawing methods with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional digital visualization tools. Jim Leggitt?s Drawing Shortcuts shows how communicating with hand drawings combined with digital technology can be ingeniously simple, and this new edition makes an already popular technique even better. Completely expanded with new chapters and a wealth of supporting images, this Second Edition presents practical techniques for improving drawing efficiency and effectiveness by combining traditional hand drawing methods with the latest digital technology, including 3-D modeling with SketchUp. This book?s step-by-step approach will sharpen and streamline your techniques whether you draw for pleasure, school or your design profession. Easy-to-follow instructions cover every aspect from the basics of drawing?such as composition, color, shading, hatching, and perspective?up to the most current technologies Incorporates Google SketchUp, Google Earth, computer generated renderings, digital scanners and printers Features new visuals from accomplished drawing experts Special new ?Gallery? section highlights the creative process with step-by-step examples of drawings Complete coverage of the ?Overlay and Trace Method,? ?Simple Composite Method,? ?Advanced Composite Method,? and ?Digital Hybrid Drawings? New matrices show alternative drawing techniques for specific visual effects such as Linework and Shading, Selecting the Right Views, Perspectives and Paraline Drawings, Drawing Detail, Camera Lenses, and Drawing Tools Generously enriched with detailed process drawings, examples, and more than 500 full-color images, Drawing Shortcuts, Second Edition will have you creating top-quality drawings faster and more effectively.

Drawing Thought

Author : Andrea Kantrowitz
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262544326
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Drawing Thought by : Andrea Kantrowitz

Download or read book Drawing Thought written by Andrea Kantrowitz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing as a tool of thought: an investigation of drawing, cognition, and creativity that integrates text and hand-drawn images. Drawing is a way of constructing ideas and observations as much as it is a means of expressing them. When we are not ready or able to put our thoughts into words, we can sometimes put them down in arrangements of lines and marks. Artists, designers, architects, and others draw to generate, explore, and test perceptions and mental models. In Drawing Thought, artist-educator Andrea Kantrowitz invites readers to use drawing to extend and reflect on their own thought processes. She interweaves illuminating hand-drawn images with text, integrating recent findings in cognitive psychology and neuroscience with accounts of her own artistic and teaching practices. The practice of drawing seems to be found across almost all known human cultures, with its past stretching back into the caves of prehistory. It takes advantage of the ways in which human cognition is embodied and situated in relationship to the environments in which we find ourselves. We become more aware of the interplay between our external surroundings and the inner workings of our minds as we draw. We can trace moments of perception and understanding in a sketchbook that might otherwise be lost, and go back to reexamine and revise those traces later. Kantrowitz encourages readers to draw out their own ideas and observations through a series of guided exercises and experiments, with her lively drawings and engaging text pointing the way. Drawing is a tool for thought in anyone’s hands; it is creativity in action.

SketchUp and LayOut for Architecture

Author : Matt Donley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780996539326
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis SketchUp and LayOut for Architecture by : Matt Donley

Download or read book SketchUp and LayOut for Architecture written by Matt Donley and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem with traditional 2D CAD is that you sometimes lose touch with the overall design because you are forced to think from the perspective of flat construction documents. The restrictions of the documentation requirements and the technical limitations of the software take priority over the design itself.Designing in 3D gives you the freedom to visualize how the project will look in real life. The design becomes the primary focus, and the construction documents become a by-product of the design. That is the way it should be.There are plenty of 3D design programs out there that automate much of the process of designing a building, but you sacrifice the design once again because you are forced to learn and abide by complicated technical processes in order to get the software to do what you want. Creating anything custom further complicates the process, or is simply not possible.Where SketchUp shines is in its ability to create accurate 3D models quickly in an easy-to-use interface without forcing users to learn complicated tools or workflows. SketchUp has a unique way of prioritizing the design, and LayOut provides the conduit to communicate your design on paper.In SketchUp & LayOut for Architecture, you'll learn a step-by-step workflow that will enable you to eliminate CAD from your workflow, focus on your design, and produce beautiful construction documents for each phase of design, including Schematic Design, Design Development, and Construction Documentation.

A treatise on Perspective ... with directions for drawings from models, etc

Author : Samuel Burt HOWLETT
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis A treatise on Perspective ... with directions for drawings from models, etc by : Samuel Burt HOWLETT

Download or read book A treatise on Perspective ... with directions for drawings from models, etc written by Samuel Burt HOWLETT and published by . This book was released on 1828 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Models to Drawings

Author : Marco Frascari
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134719620
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis From Models to Drawings by : Marco Frascari

Download or read book From Models to Drawings written by Marco Frascari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection addresses the vital role of the imagination in the critical interpretation of architectural representations. By challenging the contemporary tendency for computer-aided drawings to become mere ‘models’ for imitation in the construction of buildings, the articles explore the broader range of methods and meanings at stake in the creation and interpretation of architectural drawings, models, images and artefacts. These critical – and often practice-led – investigations are placed alongside a range of historical studies considering the development of representational techniques such as perspective, orthography and diagramming. By also addressing the use of visual representation in a number of related disciplines such as visual arts, film, performance and literature, the book opens up debates in architecture to important developments in other fields. This book is key reading for all students of architecture and architectural theory.

Living with Architecture as Art

Author : Charles Hind
Publisher : Paul Holberton Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781912168194
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Living with Architecture as Art by : Charles Hind

Download or read book Living with Architecture as Art written by Charles Hind and published by Paul Holberton Publishing. This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This stunning two-volume publication introduces readers to one of the largest private collections of architectural drawings in the world. Showcasing drawings and related models and artefacts dating from 1691 to the mid 20th century, this lavish tome includes both a catalogue and new texts by leading authorities and provides a fascinating look at these often very beautiful by-products of architectural training and practice. One of the largest private collections of architectural drawings in the world has been assembled over 30 years by investor and philanthropist Peter May. Comprising more than 600 sheets that have all been carefully preserved and handsomely framed, the drawings and related models and artefacts date from 1691 to the mid 20th century. This handsome two-volume publication will introduce amateurs and specialists alike to the largely unknown collection. The book includes a catalogue and innovative texts by leading authorities that present the raison-d'être for the production and preservation of these sometimes neglected by-products of architectural training and practice that have been collected off-and-on through history by individuals and institutions. The architectural sheets acquired for the collection are principally 19th- or early 20th-century competition or certification drawings by design students. Others are presentation drawings for public commissions, reconstruction studies or interior designs. The catalogue is arranged by category, to demonstrate May's inclination towards specific building types such as commercial or cultural institutions, train stations and spas, landmarks and monuments, private and royal residences, and cast-iron architecture. Also included is a category for landscape designs and garden architecture, reflecting May's experience as a gentleman farmer with a predilection for building.Peter May informs the reader about his history as a collector and builder. Maureen Cassidy-Geiger discusses the formation of the collection and with Basile Baudez introduces the French system of architectural education, from which some of the finest drawings come. Charles Hind offers a history of design training in Britain and writes about patterns of collecting and the market for architectural drawings. Matthew Wells's subject is the history of architectural models.