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Frequency Synthesis
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Book Synopsis Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified by : Bar-Giora Goldberg
Download or read book Digital Frequency Synthesis Demystified written by Bar-Giora Goldberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-20 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: · In-depth coverage of modern digital implementations of frequency synthesis architectures· Numerous design examples drawn from actual engineering projectsDigital frequency synthesis is used in modern wireless and communications technologies such as radar, cellular telephony, satellite communications, electronic imaging, and spectroscopy. This is book is a comprehensive overview of digital frequency synthesis theory and applications, with a particular emphasis on the latest approaches using fractional-N phase-locked loop technology. In-depth coverage of modern digital implementations of frequency synthesis architectures Numerous design examples drawn from actual engineering projects
Book Synopsis Digital Techniques in Frequency Synthesis by : Bar-Giora Goldberg
Download or read book Digital Techniques in Frequency Synthesis written by Bar-Giora Goldberg and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1996 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock by : William F. Egan
Download or read book Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock written by William F. Egan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta, Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen in popularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital nature and its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of the popular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, this timely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta by pairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research. Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses both sigma-delta and fractional-n—the still-in-use forerunner to sigma-delta—employing Simulink® models and detailed simulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs are produced at the synthesizer output by the basic process and different methods for overcoming them. It investigates how various defects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise in the synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed, and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources by choosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architectures are then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for the preceding discussions are described, providing guidance in making use of such models for further exploration. Next, another method for achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fine resolution—the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer—is introduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered, further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push their bandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the book reviews a newly important technology that is poised to become widely used in high-production consumer electronics—all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on various stages of development, and many related resources are available for download, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts, spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make this authoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want to achieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and an awareness of the latest developments in the field.
Download or read book How to Make a Noise written by Simon Cann and published by Simon Cann. This book was released on 2007 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How To Make A Noise: a Comprehensive Guide to Synthesizer Programming is perhaps the most widely ready book about synthesizer sound programming. It is a comprehensive, practical guide to sound design and synthesizer programming techniques using: subtractive (analog) synthesis; frequency modulation synthesis (including phase modulation and ring modulation); additive synthesis; wave-sequencing; sample-based synthesis.
Book Synopsis Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division by : Hamid R. Rategh
Download or read book Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division written by Hamid R. Rategh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 10 years extensive effort has been dedicated to commercial wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. Despite all these efforts, however, none of the existing systems has been successful, mainly due to their low data rates. The increasing demand for WLAN systems that can support data rates in excess of 20 Mb/s enticed the FCC to create an unlicensed national information infrastructure (U–NII) band at 5 GHz. This frequency band provides 300 MHz of spectrum in two segments: a 200 MHz(5.15–5.35 GHz) and a 100 MHz (5.725–5.825 GHz) frequency band. This newly released spectrum, and the fast trend of CMOS scaling, provide an opportunity to design WLAN systems with high data rate and low cost. One of the existing standards at 5 GHz is the European high performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) standard that supports data rates as high as 20 Mb/s. One of the main building blocks of each wireless system is the f- quency synthesizer. Phase–locked loops (PLLs) are universally used to design radio frequency synthesizers. Reducing the power consumption of the frequency dividers of a PLL has always been a challenge. In this book, we introduce an alternative solution for conventional flipflop based xiv MULTI–GHZ FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS & DIVISION frequency dividers. An injection–locked frequency divider (ILFD) takes advantage of the narrowband nature of the wireless systems and employs resonators to trade off bandwidth for power.
Book Synopsis Phase Lock Loops and Frequency Synthesis by : Venceslav F. Kroupa
Download or read book Phase Lock Loops and Frequency Synthesis written by Venceslav F. Kroupa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-12 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase lock loop frequency synthesis finds uses in a myriad of wireless applications - from local oscillators for receivers and transmitters to high performance RF test equipment. As the security and reliability of mobile communication transmissions have gained importance, PLL and frequency synthesisers have become increasingly topical subjects. Phase Lock Loops and Frequency Synthesis examines the various components that make up the phase lock loop design, including oscillators (crystal, voltage controlled), dividers and phase detectors. Interaction amongst the various components are also discussed. Real world problems such as power supply noise, shielding, grounding and isolation are given comprehensive coverage and solved examples with MATHCAD programs are presented throughout. Presents a comprehesive study of phase lock loops and frequency synthesis in communication systems Written by an internationally-recognised expert in the field Details the problem of spurious signals in PLL frequency synthesizers, a topic neglected by available competing titles Provides detailed theorectical background coupled with practical examples of state-of-the-art device design MATHCAD programs and simulation software to accompany the design exercises and examples This combination of thorough theoretical treatment and guidance on practical applications will appeal to mobile communication circuit designers and advanced electrical engineering students.
Book Synopsis Frequency Synthesizers by : Alexander Chenakin
Download or read book Frequency Synthesizers written by Alexander Chenakin and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2011 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies from a single fixed oscillator. They are found in modern devices like radio receivers, mobile phones, and GPS systems. This comprehensive resource offers RF and microwave engineers a thorough overview of both well-established and recently developed frequency synthesizer design techniques. Professionals find expert guidance on all design aspects, including main architectures, key building blocks, and practical circuit implementation. Engineers learn the development process and gain a solid understanding of how to build a synthesizer from a basic diagram to the final product.Starting with a simple single-loop PLL example, the book progressively examines various alternatives -- fractional-N, DDS, frequency offset, multiloop and more OCo to achieve required performance objectives. This unique volume gathers a collection of block diagrams, clever circuits, design recipes, and other hard-to-find information that is usually treated as OC design secretsOCO. Written in a simple yet rigorous style with numerous illustrations, the book is an all-in-one reference for both beginner and experienced designers.
Book Synopsis Integrated Frequency Synthesis for Convergent Wireless Solutions by : Jad G. Atallah
Download or read book Integrated Frequency Synthesis for Convergent Wireless Solutions written by Jad G. Atallah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-30 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the design and implementation of an electronic subsystem called the frequency synthesizer, which is a very important building block for any wireless transceiver. The discussion includes several new techniques for the design of such a subsystem which include the usage modes of the wireless device, including its support for several leading-edge wireless standards. This new perspective for designing such a demanding subsystem is based on the fact that optimizing the performance of a complete system is not always achieved by optimizing the performance of its building blocks separately. This book provides “hands-on” examples of this sort of co-design of optimized subsystems, which can make the vision of an always-best-connected scenario a reality.
Book Synopsis Application of infrared frequency synthesis techniques with metal-insulator-metal diodes to the spin flip Raman laser by : Joseph S. Wells
Download or read book Application of infrared frequency synthesis techniques with metal-insulator-metal diodes to the spin flip Raman laser written by Joseph S. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Time-Frequency Analysis and Synthesis of Linear Signal Spaces by : Franz Hlawatsch
Download or read book Time-Frequency Analysis and Synthesis of Linear Signal Spaces written by Franz Hlawatsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-03-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear signal spaces are of fundamental importance in signal and system theory, communication theory, and modern signal processing. This book proposes a time-frequency analysis of linear signal spaces that is based on two novel time-frequency representations called the `Wigner distribution of a linear signal space' and the `ambiguity function of a linear signal space'. Besides being a useful display and analysis tool, the Wigner distribution of a linear signal space allows the design of high-resolution time-frequency filtering methods. This book develops such methods and applies them to the enhancement, decomposition, estimation, and detection of noisy deterministic and stochastic signals. Formulation of the filtering (estimation, detection) methods in the time-frequency plane yields a direct interpretation of the effect of adding or deleting information, changing parameters, etc. In a sense, the prior information and the signal processing tasks are brought to life in the time-frequency plane. The ambiguity function of a linear signal space, on the other hand, is closely related to a novel maximum-likelihood multipulse estimator of the range and Doppler shift of a slowly fluctuating point target - an estimation problem that is important in radar and sonar. Specifically, the ambiguity function of a linear signal space is relevant to the problem of optimally designing a set of radar pulses. The concepts and methods presented are amply illustrated by examples and pictures. Time-Frequency Analysis and Synthesis of Linear Signal Spaces: Time-Frequency Filters, Signal Detection and Estimation, and Range-Doppler Estimation is an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses covering the subject.
Book Synopsis Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop by : Liming Xiu
Download or read book Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop written by Liming Xiu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-14 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing a new, pioneering approach to integrated circuit design Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond Phase-Locked Loop introduces an innovative new way of looking at frequency that promises to open new frontiers in modern integrated circuit (IC) design. While most books on frequency synthesis deal with the phase-locked loop (PLL), this book focuses on the clock signal. It revisits the concept of frequency, solves longstanding problems in on-chip clock generation, and presents a new time-based information processing approach for future chip design. Beginning with the basics, the book explains how clock signal is used in electronic applications and outlines the shortcomings of conventional frequency synthesis techniques for dealing with clock generation problems. It introduces the breakthrough concept of Time-Average-Frequency, presents the Flying-Adder circuit architecture for the implementation of this approach, and reveals a new circuit device, the Digital-to-Frequency Converter (DFC). Lastly, it builds upon these three key components to explain the use of time rather than level to represent information in signal processing. Provocative, inspiring, and chock-full of ideas for future innovations, the book features: A new way of thinking about the fundamental concept of clock frequency A new circuit architecture for frequency synthesis: the Flying-Adder direct period synthesis A new electronic component: the Digital-to-Frequency Converter A new information processing approach: time-based vs. level-based Examples demonstrating the power of this technology to build better, cheaper, and faster systems Written with the intent of showing readers how to think outside the box, Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop is a must-have resource for IC design engineers and researchers as well as anyone who would like to be at the forefront of modern circuit design.
Book Synopsis Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers by : Venceslav F. Kroupa
Download or read book Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers written by Venceslav F. Kroupa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-11-18 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of integrated circuits (IC), digital systems havebecome widely used in modern electronic devices, includingcommunications and measurement equipment. Direct Digital FrequencySynthesizers (DDS) are used in communications as transmitterexciters and local oscillators in receivers. The advantages aresuperior frequency stability, the same as that of the driving clockoscillator, and short switching times. The difficulties are loweroutput frequencies and rather large spurious signals. Compiled for practicing engineers who do not have theprerequisite of a specialist's knowledge in Direct DigitalFrequency Synthesizers (DDS), this collection of 40 importantreprinted papers and 9 never-before published contributionspresents a comprehensive introduction to DDS properties and a clearunderstanding of actual devices. The information in this volume canlead to easier computer simulations and improved designs. Featured topics include: * Discussion of principles and state of the art of wide-rangeDDS * Investigation of spurious signals in DDS * Combination of DDS with Phase Lock Loops (PLL) * Examination of phase and background 'noise' in DDS * Introduction to Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) * Analysis of mathematics of quasiperiodic omission ofpulses DDFS can also serve as a textbook for students seeking essentialbackground theory.
Book Synopsis Low-Voltage CMOS RF Frequency Synthesizers by : Howard Cam Luong
Download or read book Low-Voltage CMOS RF Frequency Synthesizers written by Howard Cam Luong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A frequency synthesizer is one of the most critical building blocks in any wireless transceiver system. Its design is getting more and more challenging as the demand for low-voltage low-power high-frequency wireless systems continuously grows. As the supply voltage is decreased, many existing design techniques are no longer applicable. This book provides the reader with architectures and design techniques to enable CMOS frequency synthesizers to operate at low supply voltage at high frequency with good phase noise and low power consumption. In addition to updating the reader on many of these techniques in depth, this book will also introduce useful guidelines and step-by-step procedure on behaviour simulations of frequency synthesizers. Finally, three successfully demonstrated CMOS synthesizer prototypes with detailed design consideration and description will be elaborated to illustrate potential applications of the architectures and design techniques described. For engineers, managers and researchers working in radio-frequency integrated-circuit design for wireless applications.
Book Synopsis All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS by : Robert Bogdan Staszewski
Download or read book All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS written by Robert Bogdan Staszewski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new and innovative paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design Learn the techniques for designing and implementing an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer. In contrast to traditional RF techniques, this innovative book sets forth digitally intensive design techniques that lead the way to the development of low-cost, low-power, and highly integrated circuits for RF functions in deep submicron CMOS processes. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate how the architecture enables readers to integrate an RF front-end with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die using standard ASIC design flow. Taking a bottom-up approach that progressively builds skills and knowledge, the book begins with an introduction to basic concepts of frequency synthesis and then guides the reader through an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer design: Chapter 2 presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which is the foundation of a novel architecture, and introduces a time-domain model used for analysis and VHDL simulation Chapter 3 adds a hierarchical layer of arithmetic abstraction to the DCO that makes it easier to operate algorithmically Chapter 4 builds a phase correction mechanism around the DCO such that the system's frequency drift or wander performance matches that of the stable external frequency reference Chapter 5 presents an application of the all-digital RF synthesizer Chapter 6 describes the behavioral modeling and simulation methodology used in design The final chapter presents the implementation of a full transmitter and experimental results. The novel ideas presented here have been implemented and proven in two high-volume, commercial single-chip radios developed at Texas Instruments: Bluetooth and GSM. While the focus of the book is on RF frequency synthesizer design, the techniques can be applied to the design of other digitally assisted analog circuits as well. This book is a must-read for students and engineers who want to learn a new paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design using digitally intensive design techniques.
Book Synopsis Radio-Frequency Electronics by : Jon B. Hagen
Download or read book Radio-Frequency Electronics written by Jon B. Hagen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-11-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible and comprehensive book provides an introduction to the basic concepts and key circuits of radio frequency systems, covering fundamental principles which apply to all radio devices, from wireless data transceivers on semiconductor chips to high-power broadcast transmitters. Topics covered include filters, amplifiers, oscillators, modulators, low-noise amplifiers, phase-locked loops, and transformers. Applications of radio frequency systems are described in such areas as communications, radio and television broadcasting, radar, and radio astronomy. The book contains many exercises, and assumes only a knowledge of elementary electronics and circuit analysis. It will be an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in electrical engineering, as well as an invaluable reference for researchers and professional engineers in this area, or for those moving into the field of wireless communications.
Book Synopsis Architectures for RF Frequency Synthesizers by : Cicero S. Vaucher
Download or read book Architectures for RF Frequency Synthesizers written by Cicero S. Vaucher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text describes a conceptual framework for analyzing the performance of PLL frequency synthesizers, and presents optimization procedures for the different performance aspects. It contains basic information and in-depth knowledge, widely illustrated with practical design examples used in industrial products.
Book Synopsis Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers by : Ulrich L. Rohde
Download or read book Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers written by Ulrich L. Rohde and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-08-25 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the technology of microwave oscillators and synthesizers, with digital frequency synthesizers in particular attracting much attention. These synthesizers are now being used in virtually all modern signal generators and radio communication equipment. Until now, however, detailed information about their design has been hard to come by-much of it scattered through journal articles-and most books on the subject have taken a primarily theoretical approach. Enter Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers-the first book to emphasize both practical circuit information from RF to millimeter-wave frequencies and up-to-date theory. Based on course material taught by author Ulrich L. Rohde at George Washington University and recent work done by the author at Compact Software, Inc. and Synergy Microwave Corporation, this volume is a complete revision and update of Rohde's landmark text, Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design. While it provides all the necessary theory and formulas, it also offers an in-depth look at the practical side of the phase-lock loop (PLL) in synthesizers-including special loops, loop components, and practical circuits-material that is not available in any other book. Rohde explains loop fundamentals, demonstrates the linear approach to oscillator phase noise, discusses the digital direct synthesizer technique, addresses low noise oscillator design, and provides insight into the role and design of crystal oscillators, mixers, phase/frequency discriminators, wideband high-gain amplifiers, programmable dividers, and loop filters. He goes on to cover conventional multiloop synthesizers and survey existing state-of-the-art microwave synthesizer applications. Extensive appendices review the mathematics of useful functions and various applications, including even the complex nonlinear theory of noise in large signal systems such as mixers and oscillators. Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers allows anyone with a PC running either Windows 3.11 or Windows NT to explore real-world design. It uses programs for the solution of digital phase-lock loop systems, tabulates the results, and shows how Bode diagrams are determined by the computer's graphic capabilities. It also includes examples using commercially available linear and nonlinear CAD programs to provide accurate evaluation and optimization of oscillators and other useful circuits and many practical charts. For companies involved in test and communication equipment, this book reduces design and research costs by providing a large number of proven circuits and expediting the design process. It is also an outstanding senior/graduate level textbook for electrical engineering students and an invaluable resource for practicing engineers, senior engineers, and managers who would like to be able to evaluate new trends and techniques in the field.
