French Colonial Louisiana And The Atlantic World

Download French Colonial Louisiana And The Atlantic World full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online French Colonial Louisiana And The Atlantic World ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World

Author : Bradley G. Bond
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807151408
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World by : Bradley G. Bond

Download or read book French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World written by Bradley G. Bond and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French colonial Louisiana has failed to occupy a place in the historic consciousness of the United States, perhaps owing to its short duration (1699--1762) and its standing outside the dominant narrative of the British colonies in North America. This anthology seeks to locate early Louisiana in its proper place, bringing together a broad range of scholarship that depicts a complex and vibrant sphere. Colonial Louisiana comprised the vast center of what would become the United States. It lay between Spanish, British, and French colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and between woodland and eastern plains Indians. As such, it provided a meeting place for Europeans, Africans, and native Americans, functioning as a crossroads between the New World and other worlds. While acknowledging colonial Louisiana's peripheral position in U.S. and Atlantic World history, this volume demonstrates that the colony stands at the thematic center of the shared narratives and historiographies of diverse places. Through its twelve essays, French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World tells a whole story, the story of a place that belongs to the historic narrative of the Atlantic World.

Louisiana

Author : Cecile Vidal
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812245512
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Louisiana by : Cecile Vidal

Download or read book Louisiana written by Cecile Vidal and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Louisiana: Crossroads of the Atlantic World offers an exceptional collaboration between American, Canadian, and European historians who explore the many ways and means of colonial Louisiana's relations with the rest of the Atlantic world.

French Connections

Author : Andrew N. Wegmann
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807174572
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis French Connections by : Andrew N. Wegmann

Download or read book French Connections written by Andrew N. Wegmann and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French Connections examines how the movement of people, ideas, and social practices contributed to the complex processes and negotiations involved in being and becoming French in North America and the Atlantic World between the years 1600 and 1875. Engaging a wide range of topics, from religious and diplomatic performance to labor migration, racialization, and both imagined and real conceptualizations of “Frenchness” and “Frenchification,” this volume argues that cultural mobility was fundamental to the development of French colonial societies and the collective identities they housed. Cases of cultural formation and dislocation in places as diverse as Quebec, the Illinois Country, Detroit, Haiti, Acadia, New England, and France itself demonstrate the broad variability of French cultural mobility that took place throughout this massive geographical space. Nevertheless, these communities shared the same cultural root in the midst of socially and politically fluid landscapes, where cultural mobility came to define, and indeed sustain, communal and individual identities in French North America and the Atlantic World. Drawing on innovative new scholarship on Louisiana and New Orleans, the editors and contributors to French Connections look to refocus the conversation surrounding French colonial interconnectivity by thinking about mobility as a constitutive condition of culture; from this perspective, separate “spheres” of French colonial culture merge to reveal a broader, more cohesive cultural world. The comprehensive scope of this collection will attract scholars of French North America, early American history, Atlantic World history, Caribbean studies, Canadian studies, and frontier studies. With essays from established, award-winning scholars such as Brett Rushforth, Leslie Choquette, Jay Gitlin, and Christopher Hodson as well as from new, progressive thinkers such as Mairi Cowan, William Brown, Karen L. Marrero, and Robert D. Taber, French Connections promises to generate interest and value across an extensive and diverse range of concentrations.

New Orleans in the Atlantic World

Author : William Boelhower
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317988442
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis New Orleans in the Atlantic World by : William Boelhower

Download or read book New Orleans in the Atlantic World written by William Boelhower and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thematic project ‘New Orleans in the Atlantic World’ was planned immediately after hurricane Katrina and focuses on what meteorologists have always known: the city’s identity and destiny belong to the broader Caribbean and Atlantic worlds as perhaps no other American city does. Balanced precariously between land and sea, the city’s geohistory has always interwoven diverse cultures, languages, peoples, and economies. Only with the rise of the new Atlantic Studies matrix, however, have scholars been able to fully appreciate this complex history from a multi-disciplinary, multilingual and multi-scaled perspectivism. In this book, historians, geographers, anthropologists, and cultural studies scholars bring to light the atlanticist vocation of New Orleans, and in doing so they also help to define the new field of Atlantic Studies. This book was published as a special issue of Atlantic Studies.

Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana

Author : Erin M. Greenwald
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807162876
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana by : Erin M. Greenwald

Download or read book Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana written by Erin M. Greenwald and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1717 and 1731, the French Company of the Indies (Compagnie des Indes) held a virtual monopoly over Louisiana culture and trade. Among numerous controls, its administrators oversaw the slave trade, the immigration of free and indentured whites, negotiations with Native American peoples, and the purchase and exportation of Louisiana-grown tobacco. In Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana, Erin M. Greenwald situates the colony within a French Atlantic circuit that stretched from Paris and the Brittany coast to Africa's Senegambian region to the West Indies to Louisiana and back. Focusing on the travels and travails of Marc-Antoine Caillot, a company clerk who set sail for Louisiana in 1729, Greenwald deftly examines the company's role as colonizer, developer, slaveholder, commercial entity, and deal maker. As the company's focus shifted away from agriculture with the reversion of Louisiana to the French crown in 1731, so too did the lives of the individuals whose fortunes were bound up in the company's trade, colonization, and agricultural mission in the Americas. Greenwald’s focus on Caillot provides an engaging microhistory for readers interested in the culture and society of early Louisiana and its place in the larger French Atlantic world.

Building the Devil's Empire

Author : Shannon Lee Dawdy
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226138437
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Building the Devil's Empire by : Shannon Lee Dawdy

Download or read book Building the Devil's Empire written by Shannon Lee Dawdy and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building the Devil’s Empire is the first comprehensive history of New Orleans’s early years, tracing the town’s development from its origins in 1718 to its revolt against Spanish rule in 1768. Shannon Lee Dawdy’s picaresque account of New Orleans’s wild youth features a cast of strong-willed captives, thin-skinned nobles, sharp-tongued women, and carousing travelers. But she also widens her lens to reveal the port city’s global significance, examining its role in the French Empire and the Caribbean, and she concludes that by exemplifying a kind of rogue colonialism—where governments, outlaws, and capitalism become entwined—New Orleans should prompt us to reconsider our notions of how colonialism works. "[A] penetrating study of the colony's founding."—Nation “A brilliant and spirited reinterpretation of the emergence of French New Orleans. Dawdy leads us deep into the daily life of the city, and along the many paths that connected it to France, the North American interior, and the Greater Caribbean. A major contribution to our understanding of the history of the Americas and of the French Atlantic, the work is also a model of interdisciplinary research and analysis, skillfully bringing together archival research, archaeology, and literary analysis.”—Laurent Dubois, Duke University

New Orleans, Louisiana, and Saint-Louis, Senegal

Author : Emily Clark
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807171719
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis New Orleans, Louisiana, and Saint-Louis, Senegal by : Emily Clark

Download or read book New Orleans, Louisiana, and Saint-Louis, Senegal written by Emily Clark and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the intertwined histories of Saint-Louis, Senegal, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Although separated by an ocean, both cities were founded during the early French imperial expansion of the Atlantic world. Both became important port cities of their own continents, the Atlantic world as a whole, and the African diaspora. The slave trade not only played a crucial role in the demographic and economic growth of Saint-Louis and New Orleans, but also directly connected the two cities. The Company of the Indies ran the Senegambia slave-trading posts and the Mississippi colony simultaneously from 1719 to 1731. By examining the linked histories of these cities over the longue durée, this edited collection shows the crucial role they played in integrating the peoples of the Atlantic world. The essays also illustrate how the interplay of imperialism, colonialism, and slaving that defined the early Atlantic world operated and evolved differently on both sides of the ocean. The chapters in part one, “Negotiating Slavery and Freedom,” highlight the centrality of the institution of slavery in the urban societies of Saint-Louis and New Orleans from their foundation to the second half of the nineteenth century. Part two, “Elusive Citizenship,” explores how the notions of nationality, citizenship, and subjecthood—as well as the rights or lack of rights associated with them—were mobilized, manipulated, or negotiated at key moments in the history of each city. Part three, “Mythic Persistence,” examines the construction, reproduction, and transformation of myths and popular imagination in the colonial and postcolonial cities. It is here, in the imagined past, that New Orleans and Saint-Louis most clearly mirror one another. The essays in this section offer two examples of how historical realities are simplified, distorted, or obliterated to minimize the violence of the cities’ common slave and colonial past in order to promote a romanticized present. With editors from three continents and contributors from around the world, this work is truly an international collaboration.

Voices of the Enslaved

Author : Sophie White
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469654059
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Voices of the Enslaved by : Sophie White

Download or read book Voices of the Enslaved written by Sophie White and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In eighteenth-century New Orleans, the legal testimony of some 150 enslaved women and men--like the testimony of free colonists--was meticulously recorded and preserved. Questioned in criminal trials as defendants, victims, and witnesses about attacks, murders, robberies, and escapes, they answered with stories about themselves, stories that rebutted the premise on which slavery was founded. Focusing on four especially dramatic court cases, Voices of the Enslaved draws us into Louisiana's courtrooms, prisons, courtyards, plantations, bayous, and convents to understand how the enslaved viewed and experienced their worlds. As they testified, these individuals charted their movement between West African, indigenous, and colonial cultures; they pronounced their moral and religious values; and they registered their responses to labor, to violence, and, above all, to the intimate romantic and familial bonds they sought to create and protect. Their words--punctuated by the cadences of Creole and rich with metaphor--produced riveting autobiographical narratives as they veered from the questions posed by interrogators. Carefully assessing what we can discover, what we might guess, and what has been lost forever, Sophie White offers both a richly textured account of slavery in French Louisiana and a powerful meditation on the limits and possibilities of the archive.

Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire

Author : Gauvin Alexander Bailey
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 0773553762
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (735 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire by : Gauvin Alexander Bailey

Download or read book Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire written by Gauvin Alexander Bailey and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2018-06-06 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanning from the West African coast to the Canadian prairies and south to Louisiana, the Caribbean, and Guiana, France's Atlantic empire was one of the largest political entities in the Western Hemisphere. Yet despite France's status as a nation at the forefront of architecture and the structures and designs from this period that still remain, its colonial building program has never been considered on a hemispheric scale. Drawing from hundreds of plans, drawings, photographic field surveys, and extensive archival sources, Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire focuses on the French state's and the Catholic Church's ideals and motivations for their urban and architectural projects in the Americas. In vibrant detail, Gauvin Alexander Bailey recreates a world that has been largely destroyed by wars, natural disasters, and fires – from Cap-François (now Cap-Haïtien), which once boasted palaces in the styles of Louis XV and formal gardens patterned after Versailles, to failed utopian cities like Kourou in Guiana. Vividly illustrated with examples of grand buildings, churches, and gardens, as well as simple houses and cottages, this volume also brings to life the architects who built these structures, not only French military engineers and white civilian builders, but also the free people of colour and slaves who contributed so much to the tropical colonies. Taking readers on a historical tour through the striking landmarks of the French colonial landscape, Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire presents a sweeping panorama of an entire hemisphere of architecture and its legacy.

Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians

Author : Sophie White
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812207173
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians by : Sophie White

Download or read book Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians written by Sophie White and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a sweeping range of archival, visual, and material evidence, Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians examines perceptions of Indians in French colonial Louisiana and demonstrates that material culture—especially dress—was central to the elaboration of discourses about race. At the heart of France's seventeenth-century plans for colonizing New France was a formal policy—Frenchification. Intended to turn Indians into Catholic subjects of the king, it also carried with it the belief that Indians could become French through religion, language, and culture. This fluid and mutable conception of identity carried a risk: while Indians had the potential to become French, the French could themselves be transformed into Indians. French officials had effectively admitted defeat of their policy by the time Louisiana became a province of New France in 1682. But it was here, in Upper Louisiana, that proponents of French-Indian intermarriage finally claimed some success with Frenchification. For supporters, proof of the policy's success lay in the appearance and material possessions of Indian wives and daughters of Frenchmen. Through a sophisticated interdisciplinary approach to the material sources, Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified Indians offers a distinctive and original reading of the contours and chronology of racialization in early America. While focused on Louisiana, the methodological model offered in this innovative book shows that dress can take center stage in the investigation of colonial societies—for the process of colonization was built on encounters mediated by appearance.

French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World

Author : Bradley G. Bond
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807130353
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World by : Bradley G. Bond

Download or read book French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World written by Bradley G. Bond and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French colonial Louisiana has failed to occupy a place in the historic consciousness of the United States, perhaps owing to its short duration (1699--1762) and its standing outside the dominant narrative of the British colonies in North America. This anthology seeks to locate early Louisiana in its proper place, bringing together a broad range of scholarship that depicts a complex and vibrant sphere. Colonial Louisiana comprised the vast center of what would become the United States. It lay between Spanish, British, and French colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and between woodland and eastern plains Indians. As such, it provided a meeting place for Europeans, Africans, and native Americans, functioning as a crossroads between the New World and other worlds. While acknowledging colonial Louisiana's peripheral position in U.S. and Atlantic World history, this volume demonstrates that the colony stands at the thematic center of the shared narratives and historiographies of diverse places. Through its twelve essays, French Colonial Louisiana and the Atlantic World tells a whole story, the story of a place that belongs to the historic narrative of the Atlantic World.

Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana

Author : Erin Greenwald
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807162868
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana by : Erin Greenwald

Download or read book Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana written by Erin Greenwald and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1717 and 1731, the French Company of the Indies (Compagnie des Indes) held a virtual monopoly over Louisiana culture and trade. Among numerous controls, its administrators oversaw the slave trade, the immigration of free and indentured whites, negotiations with Native American peoples, and the purchase and exportation of Louisiana-grown tobacco. In Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana, Erin M. Greenwald situates the colony within a French Atlantic circuit that stretched from Paris and the Brittany coast to Africa's Senegambian region to the West Indies to Louisiana and back. Focusing on the travels and travails of Marc-Antoine Caillot, a company clerk who set sail for Louisiana in 1729, Greenwald deftly examines the company's role as colonizer, developer, slaveholder, commercial entity, and deal maker. As the company's focus shifted away from agriculture with the reversion of Louisiana to the French crown in 1731, so too did the lives of the individuals whose fortunes were bound up in the company's trade, colonization, and agricultural mission in the Americas. Greenwald’s focus on Caillot provides an engaging microhistory for readers interested in the culture and society of early Louisiana and its place in the larger French Atlantic world.

Caribbean New Orleans

Author : Cécile Vidal
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 146964519X
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Caribbean New Orleans by : Cécile Vidal

Download or read book Caribbean New Orleans written by Cécile Vidal and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining Atlantic and imperial perspectives, Caribbean New Orleans offers a lively portrait of the city and a probing investigation of the French colonists who established racial slavery there as well as the African slaves who were forced to toil for them. Casting early New Orleans as a Caribbean outpost of the French Empire rather than as a North American frontier town, Cecile Vidal reveals the persistent influence of the Antilles, especially Saint-Domingue, which shaped the city's development through the eighteenth century. In so doing, she urges us to rethink our usual divisions of racial systems into mainland and Caribbean categories. Drawing on New Orleans's rich court records as a way to capture the words and actions of its inhabitants, Vidal takes us into the city's streets, market, taverns, church, hospitals, barracks, and households. She explores the challenges that slow economic development, Native American proximity, imperial rivalry, and the urban environment posed to a social order that was predicated on slave labor and racial hierarchy. White domination, Vidal demonstrates, was woven into the fabric of New Orleans from its founding. This comprehensive history of urban slavery locates Louisiana's capital on a spectrum of slave societies that stretched across the Americas and provides a magisterial overview of racial discourses and practices during the formative years of North America's most intriguing city.

The Material Atlantic

Author : Robert S. DuPlessis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107105919
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Material Atlantic by : Robert S. DuPlessis

Download or read book The Material Atlantic written by Robert S. DuPlessis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating account of the trade patterns and consumption practices that arose following European colonisation of the Atlantic world. Focusing on textiles and clothing, Robert DuPlessis reveals how globally sourced goods shaped the material existence of virtually every group in the Atlantic basin during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

The Memoir of Lieutenant Dumont, 1715-1747

Author : Dumont de Montigny
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 0807837229
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Memoir of Lieutenant Dumont, 1715-1747 by : Dumont de Montigny

Download or read book The Memoir of Lieutenant Dumont, 1715-1747 written by Dumont de Montigny and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memoir of Lieutenant Dumont, 1715 1747: A Sojourner in the French Atlantic"

The World of Colonial America

Author : Ignacio Gallup-Diaz
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317662148
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The World of Colonial America by : Ignacio Gallup-Diaz

Download or read book The World of Colonial America written by Ignacio Gallup-Diaz and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World of Colonial America: An Atlantic Handbook offers a comprehensive and in-depth survey of cutting-edge research into the communities, cultures, and colonies that comprised colonial America, with a focus on the processes through which communities were created, destroyed, and recreated that were at the heart of the Atlantic experience. With contributions written by leading scholars from a variety of viewpoints, the book explores key topics such as -- The Spanish, French, and Dutch Atlantic empires -- The role of the indigenous people, as imperial allies, trade partners, and opponents of expansion -- Puritanism, Protestantism, Catholicism, and the role of religion in colonization -- The importance of slavery in the development of the colonial economies -- The evolution of core areas, and their relationship to frontier zones -- The emergence of the English imperial state as a hegemonic world power after 1688 -- Regional developments in colonial North America. Bringing together leading scholars in the field to explain the latest research on Colonial America and its place in the Atlantic World, this is an important reference for all advanced students, researchers, and professionals working in the field of early American history or the age of empires.

The Death of the French Atlantic

Author : Alan Forrest
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199568952
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Death of the French Atlantic by : Alan Forrest

Download or read book The Death of the French Atlantic written by Alan Forrest and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Death of the French Atlantic examines the sudden and irreversible decline of France's Atlantic empire in the Age of Revolution, and shows how three major forces undermined the country's competitive position as an Atlantic commercial power.The first was war, especially war at sea against France's most consistent enemy and commercial rival in the eighteenth century, Great Britain. A series of colonial wars, from the Seven Years' War and the War of American Independence to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars did much to drive Franceout of the North Atlantic.The second was anti-slavery and the rise of a new moral conscience which challenged the right of Europeans to own slaves or to sacrifice the freedom of others to pursue national economic advantage.The third was the French Revolution itself, which not only raised French hopes of achieving the Rights of Man for its own citizens but also sowed the seeds of insurrection in the slave societies of the New World, leading to the loss of Saint-Domingue and the creation of the first black republic inHaiti at the beginning of the nineteenth century. This proved critical to the economy of the French Caribbean, driving both colons and slaves from Saint-Domingue to seek shelter across the Atlantic world, and leaving a bitter legacy in the French Caribbean. It has also created an uneasy memory ofthe slave trade in French ports like Nantes, La Rochelle, and Bordeaux, and has left an indelible mark on race relations in France today.