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Formation Of Bright Solitary Matter Waves
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Book Synopsis Formation of Bright Solitary Matter-waves by : Anna Louise Marchant
Download or read book Formation of Bright Solitary Matter-waves written by Anna Louise Marchant and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract:This thesis presents the development of an experimental apparatus to produce Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with tunable interparticle interactions. The ability to precisely control the strength of these interactions, and even to switch them from repulsive to attractive, allows one to probe novel regimes of condensate physics, from the collapse of attractively interacting BECs and the formation of solitary matter-waves to the observation of beyond mean-field effects in strongly repulsive condensates. The construction and characterisation of both a single and crossed beam optical dipole trap is presented. In the single beam case we develop a technique allowing the guided transport of atoms along the beam and up to a room-temperature surface; a technique which can be used to evaporatively cool the trapped atomic cloud. We produce Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb in the F=1, mF=-1 state in this trap, comparing the effect of beam waist on the evaporation trajectory. In the crossed beam trap Bose-Einstein condensation of 87Rb is realised in three distinct trapping configurations, along with a 1D optical lattice formed by changing the polarisation of the beams. A method of direct cooling of 85Rb atoms in the crossed trap is developed using a magnetic Feshbach resonance to precisely tune both the elastic and inelastic scattering properties of the atoms. The resonance used for this work occurs at 155G in collisions between atoms in the F=2, mF=-2 state of 85Rb. Bose-Einstein condensates of up to 40,000 85Rb atoms are formed in this trap and we demonstrate the presence of tunable interatomic interactions, exploring the collapse phenomenon associated with attractive condensates. By loading the 85Rb condensate into a quasi-1D waveguide we show that stable attractive condensates can be created, taking the form of bright solitary matter-waves. We observe a solitary wave of ~2,000 atoms which propagates, without dispersion, along the waveguide over a distance of ~1.1mm. The particle-like nature of the solitary wave is demonstrated by classical reflection of the wavepacket from a repulsive Gaussian barrier.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Bright Solitary Matter-waves by : Timothy Peter Wiles
Download or read book Dynamics of Bright Solitary Matter-waves written by Timothy Peter Wiles and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes the formation of a 85Rb Bose-Einstein condensate and the subsequent creation of a bright solitary matter-wave in a quasi-one-dimensional optical waveguide, with experiments investigating the dynamics of a solitary wave in comparison with a repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate. In the final chapters of this thesis, progress towards the interaction of a solitary wave with a narrow barrier and an attractive atom-surface potential is presented. Beyond the above, a review of recent soliton and solitary wave theory is presented from the perspective of an experimentalist, culminating in the numerical analysis of a variety of key areas, namely, quantum reflection, solitary wave size and solitary wave profile. The modelling and experimental results relating to the merging of ultracold gases of 85Rb and 87Rb, in order to create isotopic mixtures, is also described within this thesis. Such a scheme could be used as an initial step in the process of forming molecules or undertaking sympathetic cooling. Finally, the creation of a complex LabVIEW based experimental control system is also described within.
Book Synopsis Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Self-Trapping, and Josephson Oscillations by : Boris A. Malomed
Download or read book Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Self-Trapping, and Josephson Oscillations written by Boris A. Malomed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects a a number of contributions on spontaneous symmetry breaking. Current studies in this general field are going ahead at a full speed. The book present review chapters which give an overview on the major break throughs of recent years. It covers a number of different physical settings which are introduced when a nonlinearity is added to the underlying symmetric problems and its strength exceeds a certain critical value. The corresponding loss of symmetry, called spontaneous symmetry breaking, alias self-trapping into asymmetric states is extensively discussed in this book. The book presents both active theoretical studies of spontaneous symmetry breaking effects as well as experimental findings, chiefly for Bose-Einstein-Condensates with the self-repulsive nonlinearity, and also for photorefractive media in optics.
Book Synopsis Macroscopic Wave Dynamics of Bright Atomic Solitons by : Michael Alan Minar
Download or read book Macroscopic Wave Dynamics of Bright Atomic Solitons written by Michael Alan Minar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On demand generation of single bright atomic solitons has been demonstrated using ultracold Lithium 7 atoms. These mesoscopic quantum bound states occur in one dimensional systems where attractive forces between particles balances dispersive and diffractive effects. Remarkably, these complicated objects of $N\approx 100$ atoms behave as a single quasiparticle with large effective mass and lifetimes of more than 6 seconds. I present details on our method of single soliton production as well as experiments that probe the quantum nature of these objects: specifically, their preparation in a minimum uncertainty wave packet and experimental signatures indicating the creation of a massive non-local superposition state. In addition, I report on the extension of our methods to multi-soliton production, and present the results of collision experiments with two solitons created at distinct points in a magnetic waveguide. The collisional dynamics include momentum exchange between the two solitons that depends on their relative phase as well as soliton-soliton fusion after multiple collisions. This phenomenology cannot be described by the standard one-dimensional theories used in previous work with atomic soliton trains, and is of interest to future experiments involving solitons for nonlinear atom interferometry and the use of entangled solitons for quantum information. A Bose-Einstein Condensate of Lithium 7 is manipulated for the production of novel quantum many-body states. These include a fragmented state of weakly interacting incoherent solitons, and a pure single bright atomic soliton. In both cases these states result from the weak attraction between Lithium atoms and cooling the particles in a particular magnetic or hybrid magneto-optical potential. The fragmented state is robust under evaporation in a highly anisotropic potential, and while there are potential applications as a bright atomic source with short coherence length, these experiments leave our findings at the stage of observation and basic state description. Production of a pure single bright atomic soliton is more readily interesting for device applications and is studied in greater detail. Considerations for stability and efficient production are elaborated, and an experimental phase diagram is explored. In addition, I report on the lifetime of these states extending into many seconds. Quantum mechanical behavior is observed by studying the momentum spread of a localized wave packet upon release from an optical trap, in accordance with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Lastly, I report on the extension of our experiments to multi-soliton production. Specifically, collision experiments with two solitons created at distinct points in a magnetic waveguide, separated by tens of microns. Spatial overlap between bright solitary matter-waves is observed for the first time. Additionally, the collisional dynamics include momentum exchange between the two solitons that depends on their relative phase. Lastly, soliton-soliton fusion is observed after multiple collisions. This phenomenology cannot be described by the standard one-dimensional theories used in previous work with atomic soliton trains, and is of interest to future experiments involving solitons for nonlinear atom interferometry and the use of entangled solitons for quantum information.
Book Synopsis Solitary Waves in Plasmas and in the Atmosphere by : Vladimir .I. Petviashvili
Download or read book Solitary Waves in Plasmas and in the Atmosphere written by Vladimir .I. Petviashvili and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1992. This book arose as a result of the authors work on the review ‘Solitary Vortices in Plasmas’ written for the Soviet Journal of Plasma Physics. With the development of nonlinear wave theory some novel concepts came into use, such as solitary waves, solitary vortices, and solitons. There is still some inconsistency in the use of these terms. The study of solitary waves (solitons) should ultimately lead to a better understanding of the internal structure of elementary particles. That is why solitons are attracting great attention from physicists and mathematicians. The material presented in this book shows that solitons are also of interest in plasma physics and geophysics, where these concepts have many important applications.
Download or read book Solitons written by Mohamed Atef Helal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-12 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This newly updated volume of the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science (ECSS) presents several mathematical models that describe this physical phenomenon, including the famous non-linear equation Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) that represents the canonical form of solitons. Also, there exists a class of nonlinear partial differential equations that led to solitons, e.g., Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP), Klein-Gordon (KG), Sine-Gordon (SG), Non-Linear Schrödinger (NLS), Korteweg-de-Vries Burger’s (KdVB), etc. Different linear mathematical methods can be used to solve these models analytically, such as the Inverse Scattering Transformation (IST), Adomian Decomposition Method, Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). Other non-analytic methods use the computational techniques available in such popular mathematical packages as Mathematica, Maple, and MATLAB. The main purpose of this volume is to provide physicists, engineers, and their students with the proper methods and tools to solve the soliton equations, and to discover the new possibilities of using solitons in multi-disciplinary areas ranging from telecommunications to biology, cosmology, and oceanographic studies.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Waves by : Emmanuel Kengne
Download or read book Nonlinear Waves written by Emmanuel Kengne and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the methods to engineer dissipative and magnetic nonlinear waves propagating in nonlinear systems. In the first part of the book, the authors present methodologically mathematical models of nonlinear waves propagating in one- and two-dimensional nonlinear transmission networks without/with dissipative elements. Based on these models, the authors investigate the generation and the transmission of nonlinear modulated waves, in general, and solitary waves, in particular, in networks under consideration. In the second part of the book, the authors develop basic theoretical results for the dynamics matter-wave and magnetic-wave solitons of nonlinear systems and of Bose–Einstein condensates trapped in external potentials, combined with the time-modulated nonlinearity. The models treated here are based on one-, two-, and three-component non-autonomous Gross–Pitaevskii equations. Based on the Heisenberg model of spin–spin interactions, the authors also investigate the dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnet with or without spin-transfer torque. This research book is suitable for physicists, mathematicians, engineers, and graduate students in physics, mathematics, and network and information engineering.
Book Synopsis A Primer on Quantum Fluids by : Carlo F. Barenghi
Download or read book A Primer on Quantum Fluids written by Carlo F. Barenghi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this primer is to cover the essential theoretical information, quickly and concisely, in order to enable senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students to tackle projects in topical research areas of quantum fluids, for example, solitons, vortices and collective modes. The selection of the material, both regarding the content and level of presentation, draws on the authors analysis of the success of relevant research projects with newcomers to the field, as well as of the students feedback from many taught and self-study courses on the subject matter. Starting with a brief historical overview, this text covers particle statistics, weakly interacting condensates and their dynamics and finally superfluid helium and quantum turbulence. At the end of each chapter (apart from the first) there are some exercises. Detailed solutions can be made available to instructors upon request to the authors.
Download or read book Quantum Atom Optics written by Tim Byrnes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid development of quantum technologies has driven a revolution in related research areas such as quantum computation and communication, and quantum materials. The first prototypes of functional quantum devices are beginning to appear, frequently created using ensembles of atoms, which allow the observation of sensitive, quantum effects, and have important applications in quantum simulation and matter wave interferometry. This modern text offers a self-contained introduction to the fundamentals of quantum atom optics and atomic many-body matter wave systems. Assuming a familiarity with undergraduate quantum mechanics, this book will be accessible for graduate students and early career researchers moving into this important new field. A detailed description of the underlying theory of quantum atom optics is given, before development of the key, quantum, technological applications, such as atom interferometry, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and quantum computing.
Author :Panayotis G. Kevrekidis Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3540735917 Total Pages :398 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (47 download)
Book Synopsis Emergent Nonlinear Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates by : Panayotis G. Kevrekidis
Download or read book Emergent Nonlinear Phenomena in Bose-Einstein Condensates written by Panayotis G. Kevrekidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by experts in the fields of atomic physics and nonlinear science, covers the important developments in a special aspect of Bose-Einstein condensation, namely nonlinear phenomena in condensates. Topics covered include bright, dark, gap and multidimensional solitons; vortices; vortex lattices; optical lattices; multicomponent condensates; mathematical methods/rigorous results; and the beyond-the-mean-field approach.
Book Synopsis Schrödinger Equations in Nonlinear Systems by : Wu-Ming Liu
Download or read book Schrödinger Equations in Nonlinear Systems written by Wu-Ming Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-20 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the diverse types of Schrödinger equations that appear in nonlinear systems in general, with a specific focus on nonlinear transmission networks and Bose–Einstein Condensates. In the context of nonlinear transmission networks, it employs various methods to rigorously model the phenomena of modulated matter-wave propagation in the network, leading to nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. Modeling these phenomena is largely based on the reductive perturbation method, and the derived NLS equations are then used to methodically investigate the dynamics of matter-wave solitons in the network. In the context of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs), the book analyzes the dynamical properties of NLS equations with the external potential of different types, which govern the dynamics of modulated matter-waves in BECs with either two-body interactions or both two- and three-body interatomic interactions. It also discusses the method of investigating both the well-posedness and the ill-posedness of the boundary problem for linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations and presents new results. Using simple examples, it then illustrates the results on the boundary problems. For both nonlinear transmission networks and Bose–Einstein condensates, the results obtained are supplemented by numerical calculations and presented as figures.
Book Synopsis Quantised Vortices by : Tapio Simula
Download or read book Quantised Vortices written by Tapio Simula and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vortices comprising swirling motion of matter are observable in classical systems at all scales ranging from atomic size to the scale of galaxies. In quantum mechanical systems, such vortices are robust entities whose behaviours are governed by the strict rules of topology. The physics of quantum vortices is pivotal to basic science of quantum turbulence and high temperature superconductors, and underpins emerging quantum technologies including topological quantum computation. This handbook is aimed at providing a dictionary style portal to the fascinating quantum world of vortices.
Book Synopsis Physics of Solitons by : Thierry Dauxois
Download or read book Physics of Solitons written by Thierry Dauxois and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook gives an instructive view of solitons and their applications for advanced students of physics.
Book Synopsis The Defocusing Nonlinear Schr?dinger Equation by : Panayotis G. Kevrekidis
Download or read book The Defocusing Nonlinear Schr?dinger Equation written by Panayotis G. Kevrekidis and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bose?Einstein condensation is a phase transition in which a fraction of particles of a boson gas condenses into the same quantum state known as the Bose?Einstein condensate (BEC). The aim of this book is to present a wide array of findings in the realm of BECs and on the nonlinear Schr?dinger-type models that arise therein. The Defocusing Nonlinear Schr?dinger Equation is a broad study of nonlinear excitations in self-defocusing nonlinear media. It summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge on the defocusing nonlinear Schr?dinger-type models in a single volume and contains a wealth of resources, including over 800 references to relevant articles and monographs and a meticulous index for ease of navigation.
Book Synopsis Quantum Gases: Finite Temperature And Non-equilibrium Dynamics by : Nick P Proukakis
Download or read book Quantum Gases: Finite Temperature And Non-equilibrium Dynamics written by Nick P Proukakis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1995 observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapours spawned the field of ultracold, degenerate quantum gases. Unprecedented developments in experimental design and precision control have led to quantum gases becoming the preferred playground for designer quantum many-body systems.This self-contained volume provides a broad overview of the principal theoretical techniques applied to non-equilibrium and finite temperature quantum gases. Covering Bose-Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and the more recently realised exciton-polariton condensates, it fills a gap by linking between different methods with origins in condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, quantum optics, atomic physics, and statistical mechanics. Thematically organised chapters on different methodologies, contributed by key researchers using a unified notation, provide the first integrated view of the relative merits of individual approaches, aided by pertinent introductory chapters and the guidance of editorial notes.Both graduate students and established researchers wishing to understand the state of the art will greatly benefit from this comprehensive and up-to-date review of non-equilibrium and finite temperature techniques in the exciting and expanding field of quantum gases and liquids./a
Book Synopsis Odyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers by : Kuppuswamy Porsezian
Download or read book Odyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers written by Kuppuswamy Porsezian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Odyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers: Theory and Applications presents a collection of breakthrough research portraying the odyssey of light from optical solitons to optical rogue waves in nonlinear optical fibers. The book provides a simple yet holistic view on the theoretical and application-oriented aspects of light, with a special focus on the underlying nonlinear phenomena. Exploring the very frontiers of light-wave technology, the text covers the basics of nonlinear fiberoptics and the dynamics of electromagnetic pulse propagation in nonlinear waveguides. It also highlights some of the latest advances in nonlinear optical fiber technology, discussing hidden symmetry reductions and Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) hierarchies for nonautonomous solitons, state-of-the-art Brillouin scattering applications, backpropagation, and the concept of eigenvalue communication—a powerful nonlinear digital signal processing technique that paves the way to overcome the current limitations of traditional communications methods in nonlinear fiber channels. Key chapters study the feasibility of the eigenvalue demodulation scheme based on digital coherent technology by throwing light on the experimental study of the noise tolerance of the demodulated eigenvalues, investigate matter wave solitons and other localized excitations pertaining to Bose–Einstein condensates in atom optics, and examine quantum field theory analogue effects occurring in binary waveguide arrays, plasmonic arrays, etc., as well as their ensuing nonlinear wave propagation. Featuring a foreword by Dr. Akira Hasegawa, the father of soliton communication systems, Odyssey of Light in Nonlinear Optical Fibers: Theory and Applications serves as a curtain raiser to usher in the photonics era. The technological innovations at the core of the book form the basis for the next generation of ultra-high speed computers and telecommunication devices.
Book Synopsis Focus on Soliton Research by : L. V. Chen
Download or read book Focus on Soliton Research written by L. V. Chen and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery a mere thirty years ago, solitons have been invoked to explain such diverse phenomena as: The long lived 'giant red spot' in the highly turbulent Jovian atmosphere. The famous Fermi-Pasta-Ulam paradox wherein a nonlinearly coupled lattice of particles does not display the expected equipartition of energy among available modes: ion-acoustic waves in a plasma; energy storage and transfer in proteins via the Davydov soliton; and, the propagation of short laser pulses in optical fibres over long distances with negligible shape change. This volume presents important research from around the globe.
