Formal Philosophy

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Introduction to Formal Philosophy

Author : Sven Ove Hansson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319774344
Total Pages : 727 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Formal Philosophy by : Sven Ove Hansson

Download or read book Introduction to Formal Philosophy written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Undergraduate Textbook introduces key methods and examines the major areas of philosophy in which formal methods play pivotal roles. Coverage begins with a thorough introduction to formalization and to the advantages and pitfalls of formal methods in philosophy. The ensuing chapters show how to use formal methods in a wide range of areas. Throughout, the contributors clarify the relationships and interdependencies between formal and informal notions and constructions. Their main focus is to show how formal treatments of philosophical problems may help us understand them better. Formal methods can be used to solve problems but also to express new philosophical problems that would never have seen the light of day without the expressive power of the formal apparatus. Formal philosophy merges work in different areas of philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, computer science, linguistics, physics, psychology, biology, economics, political theory, and sociology. This title offers an accessible introduction to this new interdisciplinary research area to a wide academic audience.

Applications of Formal Philosophy

Author : Rafał Urbaniak
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331958507X
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Formal Philosophy by : Rafał Urbaniak

Download or read book Applications of Formal Philosophy written by Rafał Urbaniak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features mathematical and formal philosophers’ efforts to understand philosophical questions using mathematical techniques. It offers a collection of works from leading researchers in the area, who discuss some of the most fascinating ways formal methods are now being applied. It covers topics such as: the uses of probable and statistical reasoning, rational choice theory, reasoning in the environmental sciences, reasoning about laws and changes of rules, and reasoning about collective decision procedures as well as about action. Utilizing mathematical techniques has been very fruitful in the traditional domains of formal philosophy – logic, philosophy of mathematics and metaphysics – while formal philosophy is simultaneously branching out into other areas in philosophy and the social sciences. These areas particularly include ethics, political science, and the methodology of the natural and social sciences. Reasoning about legal rules, collective decision-making procedures, and rational choices are of interest to all those engaged in legal theory, political science and economics. Statistical reasoning is also of interest to political scientists and economists.

Formal and Informal Methods in Philosophy

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004420509
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal and Informal Methods in Philosophy by :

Download or read book Formal and Informal Methods in Philosophy written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the tension between formal and informal methods in philosophy. The rise of analytic philosophy was accompanied by the development of formal logic and many successful applications of formal methods. But analytical philosophy does not rely on formal methods alone. Elements of broadly understood informal logic and logical semiotics, procedures used in natural sciences and humanities, and various kinds of intuition also belong to the philosopher’s toolkit. Papers gathered in the book concern the opposition formality–informality as well as other pairs, such as methodology versus metaphilosophy, interdisciplinarity versus intradisciplinarity, and methodological uniformity versus diversity of sciences. Problems of the nature of logic and the explanatory role of mathematical theories are also discussed.

Formal Philosophy

Author : Vincent F. Hendricks
Publisher : Vince Incorporated Press
ISBN 13 : 9788799101313
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Philosophy by : Vincent F. Hendricks

Download or read book Formal Philosophy written by Vincent F. Hendricks and published by Vince Incorporated Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal Philosophy is a collection of short interviews based on 5 questions presented to some of the most influential and prominent scholars in formal philosophy.

An Introduction to Formal Logic

Author : Peter Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521008044
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Formal Logic by : Peter Smith

Download or read book An Introduction to Formal Logic written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.

Philosophy of Logic

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008046663X
Total Pages : 1219 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Logic by :

Download or read book Philosophy of Logic written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-29 with total page 1219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers presented in this volume examine topics of central interest in contemporary philosophy of logic. They include reflections on the nature of logic and its relevance for philosophy today, and explore in depth developments in informal logic and the relation of informal to symbolic logic, mathematical metatheory and the limiting metatheorems, modal logic, many-valued logic, relevance and paraconsistent logic, free logics, extensional v. intensional logics, the logic of fiction, epistemic logic, formal logical and semantic paradoxes, the concept of truth, the formal theory of entailment, objectual and substitutional interpretation of the quantifiers, infinity and domain constraints, the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem and Skolem paradox, vagueness, modal realism v. actualism, counterfactuals and the logic of causation, applications of logic and mathematics to the physical sciences, logically possible worlds and counterpart semantics, and the legacy of Hilbert's program and logicism. The handbook is meant to be both a compendium of new work in symbolic logic and an authoritative resource for students and researchers, a book to be consulted for specific information about recent developments in logic and to be read with pleasure for its technical acumen and philosophical insights.- Written by leading logicians and philosophers- Comprehensive authoritative coverage of all major areas of contemporary research in symbolic logic- Clear, in-depth expositions of technical detail- Progressive organization from general considerations to informal to symbolic logic to nonclassical logics- Presents current work in symbolic logic within a unified framework- Accessible to students, engaging for experts and professionals- Insightful philosophical discussions of all aspects of logic- Useful bibliographies in every chapter

Abstract Objects

Author : E. Zalta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027714749
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Abstract Objects by : E. Zalta

Download or read book Abstract Objects written by E. Zalta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1983-06-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, I attempt to lay the axiomatic foundations of metaphysics by developing and applying a (formal) theory of abstract objects. The cornerstones include a principle which presents precise conditions under which there are abstract objects and a principle which says when apparently distinct such objects are in fact identical. The principles are constructed out of a basic set of primitive notions, which are identified at the end of the Introduction, just before the theorizing begins. The main reason for producing a theory which defines a logical space of abstract objects is that it may have a great deal of explanatory power. It is hoped that the data explained by means of the theory will be of interest to pure and applied metaphysicians, logicians and linguists, and pure and applied epistemologists. The ideas upon which the theory is based are not essentially new. They can be traced back to Alexius Meinong and his student, Ernst Mally, the two most influential members of a school of philosophers and psychologists working in Graz in the early part of the twentieth century. They investigated psychological, abstract and non-existent objects - a realm of objects which weren't being taken seriously by Anglo-American philoso phers in the Russell tradition. I first took the views of Meinong and Mally seriously in a course on metaphysics taught by Terence Parsons at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst in the Fall of 1978. Parsons had developed an axiomatic version of Meinong's naive theory of objects.

Informal Philosophy

Author : Avrum Stroll
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0742570290
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Informal Philosophy by : Avrum Stroll

Download or read book Informal Philosophy written by Avrum Stroll and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2009-04-16 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal Philosophy provides an original look at how we should understand and teach philosophy. Avrum Stroll persuasively argues that philosophy should be evaluated using its own methodology and should not merely mimic formal scientific analysis, because while modern science does inform our philosophical views about man and his place in nature, it does not solve philosophical problems. Stroll effectively makes the case for the use of informal philosophy—that is, an approach guided by common sense, appealing to ordinary discourse, and employing a context-driven line of inquiry—to answer philosophical problems.

Forall X

Author : P. D. Magnus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Forall X by : P. D. Magnus

Download or read book Forall X written by P. D. Magnus and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Philosophy of Logical Systems

Author : Jaroslav Peregrin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000727084
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Logical Systems by : Jaroslav Peregrin

Download or read book Philosophy of Logical Systems written by Jaroslav Peregrin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the hasty development of modern logic, especially its introducing and embracing various kinds of artificial languages and moving from the study of natural languages to that of artificial ones. This shift seemed extremely helpful and managed to elevate logic to a new level of rigor and clarity. However, the change that logic underwent in this way was in no way insignificant, and it is also far from an insignificant matter to determine to what extent the "new logic" only engaged new and more powerful instruments to answer the questions posed by the "old" one, and to what extent it replaced these questions with new ones. Hence, this movement has generated brand new kinds of philosophical problems that have still not been dealt with systematically. Philosophy of Logical Systems addresses these new kinds of philosophical problems that are intertwined with the development of modern logic. Jaroslav Peregrin analyzes the rationale behind the introduction of the artificial languages of logic; classifies the various tools which were adopted to build such languages; gives an overview of the various kinds of languages introduced in the course of modern logic and the motifs of their employment; discusses what can actually be achieved by relocating the problems of logic from natural language into them; and reaches certain conclusions with respect to the possibilities and limitations of this "formal turn" of logic. This book is both an important scholarly contribution to the philosophy of logic and a systematic survey of the standard (and not so standard) logical systems that were established during the short history of modern logic.

The Logic in Philosophy of Science

Author : Hans Halvorson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107110998
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic in Philosophy of Science by : Hans Halvorson

Download or read book The Logic in Philosophy of Science written by Hans Halvorson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconsiders the role of formal logic in the analytic approach to philosophy, using cutting-edge mathematical techniques to elucidate twentieth-century debates.

Logic for Philosophy

Author : Theodore Sider
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192658816
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic for Philosophy by : Theodore Sider

Download or read book Logic for Philosophy written by Theodore Sider and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic for Philosophy is an introduction to logic for students of contemporary philosophy. It is suitable both for advanced undergraduates and for beginning graduate students in philosophy. It covers (i) basic approaches to logic, including proof theory and especially model theory, (ii) extensions of standard logic that are important in philosophy, and (iii) some elementary philosophy of logic. It emphasizes breadth rather than depth. For example, it discusses modal logic and counterfactuals, but does not prove the central metalogical results for predicate logic (completeness, undecidability, etc.) Its goal is to introduce students to the logic they need to know in order to read contemporary philosophical work. It is very user-friendly for students without an extensive background in mathematics. In short, this book gives you the understanding of logic that you need to do philosophy.

Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology

Author : Robert Arp
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026232959X
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology by : Robert Arp

Download or read book Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology written by Robert Arp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the field of applied ontology with examples derived particularly from biomedicine, covering theoretical components, design practices, and practical applications. In the era of “big data,” science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of particular relevance to biomedicine, covering theoretical components of ontologies, best practices for ontology design, and examples of biomedical ontologies in use. After defining an ontology as a representation of the types of entities in a given domain, the book distinguishes between different kinds of ontologies and taxonomies, and shows how applied ontology draws on more traditional ideas from metaphysics. It presents the core features of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), now used by over one hundred ontology projects around the world, and offers examples of domain ontologies that utilize BFO. The book also describes Web Ontology Language (OWL), a common framework for Semantic Web technologies. Throughout, the book provides concrete recommendations for the design and construction of domain ontologies.

Rightness as Fairness

Author : Marcus Arvan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137541814
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Rightness as Fairness by : Marcus Arvan

Download or read book Rightness as Fairness written by Marcus Arvan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rightness as Fairness provides a uniquely fruitful method of 'principled fair negotiation' for resolving applied moral and political issues that requires merging principled debate with real-world negotiation.

Logic and Philosophy

Author : William H. Brenner
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN 13 : 0268158983
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Philosophy by : William H. Brenner

Download or read book Logic and Philosophy written by William H. Brenner and published by University of Notre Dame Pess. This book was released on 1993-09-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dual purpose of this volume—to provide a distinctively philosophical introduction to logic, as well as a logic-oriented approach to philosophy—makes this book a unique and worthwhile primary text for logic and/or philosophy courses. Logic and Philosophy covers a variety of elementary formal and informal types of reasoning, including a chapter on traditional logic that culminates in a treatment of Aristotle's philosophy of science; a truth-functional logic chapter that examines Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, logic, and mysticism; and sections on induction, analogy, and fallacies that incorporate material on mind-body dualism, pseudoscience, the "raven paradox," and proofs of God. Throughout the book Brenner highlights passages and ideas from various prominent philosophers, and discusses at some length the work of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, and Wittgenstein.

Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality

Author : Marcus Arvan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000751511
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality by : Marcus Arvan

Download or read book Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality written by Marcus Arvan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers across many traditions have long theorized about the relationship between prudence and morality. Few clear answers have emerged, however, in large part because of the inherently speculative nature of traditional philosophical methods. This book aims to forge a bold new path forward, outlining a theory of prudence and morality that unifies a wide variety of findings in neuroscience with philosophically sophisticated normative theorizing. The author summarizes the emerging behavioral neuroscience of prudence and morality, showing how human moral and prudential cognition and motivation are known to involve over a dozen brain regions and capacities. He then outlines a detailed philosophical theory of prudence and morality based on neuroscience and lived human experience. The result demonstrates how this theory coheres with and explains the behavioral neuroscience, showing how each brain region and capacity interact to give rise to prudential and moral behavior. Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality: A Philosophical Theory will be of interest to philosophers and psychologists working in moral psychology, neuroethics, and decision theory. Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Outlines of a Formalist Philosophy of Mathematics

Author : Haskell Brooks Curry
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444533680
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Outlines of a Formalist Philosophy of Mathematics by : Haskell Brooks Curry

Download or read book Outlines of a Formalist Philosophy of Mathematics written by Haskell Brooks Curry and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1951 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: