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Fission Product Release From Defected Lwr Fuel Rods
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Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from Defected LWR Fuel Rods by :
Download or read book Fission Product Release from Defected LWR Fuel Rods written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory both with fission product simulants and with irradiated commercial fuel have been utilized to develop a semi-empirical model of fission product release from defected Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rods. At fuel temperatures less than 1200°C, releases occur from fission products previously accumulated in the pellet-to-cladding gap region. In this temperature range, the release of species of moderate volatility is postulated to result from two processes. The first of these, which occurs during the period of fuel clad rupture, is due to the transport of the fill and fission product gases as they are vented through the cladding defect. The second mechanism for release, which is time-dependent, involves the diffusional transport of the semi-volatile species to the point of clad rupture through the interconnected voids (the pellet-to-cladding gap and cracks in fuel pellets) within the fuel rod.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from LWR Fuel Defected in Steam in the Temperature Range 500 to 1600°C. by :
Download or read book Fission Product Release from LWR Fuel Defected in Steam in the Temperature Range 500 to 1600°C. written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For practical purposes the release of cesium and iodine from LWR fuel rods in the temperature range 500 to 1600°C can be considered to originate from three sources: (1) the gap inventory with release by both burst (vented gas) and diffusion; (2) grain boundary with release by tunnel formation; and (3) UO2 matrix with release by solid state diffusion. The chemical behavior of released iodine and cesium (at least after contact with steam) is predominantly that of CsI and CsOH. Fission gas release is the sum of the plenum inventory, gas embedded in the fuel and cladding surface layers and that released by tunnel formation, and solid state diffusion from the UO2 matrix. A small amount of large particle-sized fuel dust is ejected at time of rupture.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from LWR Fuel Defected in Steam in the Temperature Range 500 to 1600/sup 0/C. by :
Download or read book Fission Product Release from LWR Fuel Defected in Steam in the Temperature Range 500 to 1600/sup 0/C. written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For practical purposes the release of cesium and iodine from LWR fuel rods in the temperature range 500 to 1600/sup 0/C can be considered to originate from three sources: (1) the gap inventory with release by both burst (vented gas) and diffusion; (2) grain boundary with release by tunnel formation; and (3) UO/sub 2/ matrix with release by solid state diffusion. The chemical behavior of released iodine and cesium (at least after contact with steam) is predominantly that of CsI and CsOH. Fission gas release is the sum of the plenum inventory, gas embedded in the fuel and cladding surface layers and that released by tunnel formation, and solid state diffusion from the UO/sub 2/ matrix. A small amount of large particle-sized fuel dust is ejected at time of rupture.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from BWR Fuel Under LOCA Conditions by :
Download or read book Fission Product Release from BWR Fuel Under LOCA Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Fission Product Release from Ruptured LWR Fuel Rods by :
Download or read book Modeling Fission Product Release from Ruptured LWR Fuel Rods written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal objectives of the fission product release program are to determine the quantity of radiologically significant fission products released from defected LWR fuel rods under accident conditions, identify their chemical and physical forms, and interpret the results for use as input to computer models of postulated transportation and loss-of-coolant accidents. Experimental work with flowing steam in the temperature range 500 to 1200°C and with dry air at 500°C and 700°C has been completed. One series of tests, the Implant Test Series, employed simulated fission products which were coated on unirradiated UO2 fuel pellets; a second series, the Low Burnup Fuel Test Series, used fuel capsules irradiated to 1000 MWd/MT at high heat rating (560 to 660 W/cm), and a third series of experiments, the High Burnup Test Series, used fuel irradiated to 30,000 MWd/MT in the H.B. Robinson reactor at low heat rating (175 to 320 W/cm). Sufficient analytical results have been obtained to permit the formulation of a preliminary empirical model for cesium release in steam. The model assumes that cesium release is the sum of two components: burst release (that carried out with escaping plenum gas when the rod ruptures) and diffusion release (that diffusing from the gap space after the plenum gas has vented).
Book Synopsis Quarterly Progress Report on Fission Product Behavior in LWRs for the Period ... by :
Download or read book Quarterly Progress Report on Fission Product Behavior in LWRs for the Period ... written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fission Product Source Terms for the LWR Loss-of-coolant Accident by : R. A. Lorenz
Download or read book Fission Product Source Terms for the LWR Loss-of-coolant Accident written by R. A. Lorenz and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fission-product-release Signatures for LWR Fuel Rods Failed During PCM and RIA Transients by :
Download or read book Fission-product-release Signatures for LWR Fuel Rods Failed During PCM and RIA Transients written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses fission product release from light-water-reactor-type fuel rods to the coolant loop during design basis accident tests. One of the tests was a power-cooling-mismatch test in which a single fuel rod was operated in film boiling beyond failure. Other tests discussed include reactivity initiated accident (RIA) tests, in which the fuel rods failed as a result of power bursts that produced radial-average peak fuel enthalpies ranging from 250 to 350 cal/g. One of the RIA tests used two previously irradiated fuel rods. On-line gamma spectroscopic measurements of short-lived fission products, and important aspects of fission product behavior observed during the tests, are discussed. Time-dependent release fractions for short-lived fission products are compared with release fractions suggested by: the Reactor Safety Study; NRC Regulatory Guides; and measurements from the Three Mile Island accident. Iodine behavior observed during the tests is discussed, and fuel powdering is identified as a source of particulate fission product activity, the latter of which is neglected for most accident analyses.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from Defected Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements by : Brent Joseph Lewis
Download or read book Fission Product Release from Defected Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements written by Brent Joseph Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fission Product Source Terms for the LWR Loss-of-coolant Accident by :
Download or read book Fission Product Source Terms for the LWR Loss-of-coolant Accident written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal objectives of the fission product release program currently in progress at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are to determine the quantity of radiologically significant fission products released from defected light water reactor (LWR) fuel rods under accident conditions, identify their chemical and physical forms, and interpret the results for use as input to computer models of postulated spent fuel transportation accidents (SFTAs) and loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs). The purpose of the paper is to summarize the source term models which have been developed for cesium and iodine by this program, and to demonstrate the application of the source term models to the analysis of cesium and iodine release during a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) LOCA.
Book Synopsis Release of Fission Products During Controlled Loss-of-coolant Accidents and Hypothetical Core Meltdown Accidents. [PWR ; BWR]. by :
Download or read book Release of Fission Products During Controlled Loss-of-coolant Accidents and Hypothetical Core Meltdown Accidents. [PWR ; BWR]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A few years ago the Projekt Nukleare Sicherheit joined the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the development of a research program which was designed to investigate fission product release from light water reactor fuel under conditions ranging from spent fuel shipping cask accidents to core meltdown accidents. Three laboratories have been involved in this cooperative effort. At Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), the research effort has focused on noble gas fission product release, whereas at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and at Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe (KfK), the studies have emphasized the release of species other than the noble gases. In addition, the ORNL program has been directed toward the development of fission product source terms applicable to analyses of spent fuel shipping cask accidents and controlled loss-of-coolant accidents, and the KfK program has been aimed at providing similar source terms which are characteristic of core meltdown accidents. The ORNL results are presented for fission product release from defected fuel rods into a steam atmosphere over the temperature range 500 to 1200°C, and the KfK results for release during core meltdown sequences.
Book Synopsis Fission Gas Release from UO{sub 2+x} in Defective Light Water Reactor Fuel Rods by :
Download or read book Fission Gas Release from UO{sub 2+x} in Defective Light Water Reactor Fuel Rods written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simplified semi-empirical model predicting fission gas release form UO{sub 2+x} fuel to the fuel rod plenum as a function of stoichiometry excess (x) is developed to apply to the fuel of a defective LWR fuel rod in operation. The effect of fuel oxidation in enhancing gas diffusion is included as a parabolic dependence of the stoichiometry excess. The increase of fission gas release in a defective BWR fuel rod is at the most 3 times higher than in an intact fuel rod because of small extent of UO2 oxidation. The major enhancement contributor in fission gas release of UO{sub 2+x} fuel is the increased diffusivity due to stoichiometry excess rather than the higher temperature caused by degraded fuel thermal conductivity.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Processes In Reactor Accidents by : J. T. Rogers
Download or read book Fission Product Processes In Reactor Accidents written by J. T. Rogers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear incidents emphasized the need for the world-wide nuclear community to cooperate further and exchange the results of research in this field in the most open and effective manner. Recognizing the roles of heat and mass transfer in all aspects of fission-product behavior in sever reactor accidents, the Executive Committee of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer organized a Seminar on Fission Product Transport Processes in Reactor Accidents. This book contains the eleven of the lectures and all the papers presented at the seminar along with four invited papers that were not presented and a summary of the closing session.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from High Gap-inventory LWR Fuel Under LOCA Conditions by :
Download or read book Fission Product Release from High Gap-inventory LWR Fuel Under LOCA Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fission product release tests were performed with light water reactor (LWR) fuel rod segments containing large amounts of cesium and iodine in the pellet-to-cladding gap space in order to check the validity of the previously published Source Term Model for this type of fuel. The model describes the release of fission product cesium and iodine from LWR fuel rods for controlled loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) transients in the temperature range 500 to 1200°C. The basis for the model was test data obtained with simulated fuel rods and commercial fuel irradiated to high burnup but containing relatively small amounts of cesium and iodine in the pellet-to-cladding gap space.
Book Synopsis Fission Product Release from Irradiated LWR Fuel Under Accident Conditions by :
Download or read book Fission Product Release from Irradiated LWR Fuel Under Accident Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fission product release from irradiated LWR fuel is being studied by heating fuel rod segments in flowing steam and an inert carrier gas to simulate accident conditions. Fuels with a range of irradiation histories are being subjected to several steam flow rates over a wide range of temperatures. Fission product release during each test is measured by gamma spectroscopy and by detailed examination of the collection apparatus after the test has been completed. These release results are complemented by a detailed posttest examination of samples of the fuel rod segment. Results of release measurements and fuel rod characterizations for tests at 1400 through 2000°C are presented in this paper.
Book Synopsis The Relative Environmental Hazard of Fission Products Released from Defective Fuel Rods by : Leroy Edgar Eckart
Download or read book The Relative Environmental Hazard of Fission Products Released from Defective Fuel Rods written by Leroy Edgar Eckart and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors by : Bal Raj Sehgal
Download or read book Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors written by Bal Raj Sehgal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La 4e de couverture indique : Organizes and presents all the latest thought on LWR nuclear safety in one consolidated volume, provided by the top experts in the field, ensuring high-quality, credible and easily accessible information.
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