Findings Across Agricultural Public Expenditure Reviews In African Countries

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Findings across agricultural public expenditure reviews in African countries

Author : Mink, Stephen D.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Findings across agricultural public expenditure reviews in African countries by : Mink, Stephen D.

Download or read book Findings across agricultural public expenditure reviews in African countries written by Mink, Stephen D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines whether the consensus reached by the late 2000s among African Union member countries and their external partners on the need to reverse the decades-long decline in spending for essential public goods and services in agriculture has begun to result inimproved levels and quality of national expenditure programs for the sector. It synthesizes evidence from 20 Agriculture Public Expenditure Reviews (Ag PERs) that have been carried out in countries in Africa South of the Saharan (Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia) with World Bank assistance during 2009–2015. This synthesis focuses on several measures: (1) the level of expenditures on agriculture, with particular reference to the explicit target by African heads of state in the 2003 Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security (reconfirmed in the Malabo Declaration) to allocate 10 percent of national budgets to the sector; (2) the composition and priorities of expenditures with respect to stated national strategies, evidence of impact, and sustainability; and (3) budget planning and implementation that aims to strengthen public financial management in general, and budget coherence, outputs, outcomes, and supporting mechanisms, such as procurement and audit, in particular. This paper uses Ag PERs to analyze budgetary trends across countries, identifies major expenditure issues, and synthesizes lessons regarding spending efficiency. The analysis results in evidence-based recommendations that address, inter alia, budget planning, budget execution, and monitoring for accountability; the creation of a reliable database; more effective intra-and intersectoral coordination; and the cost-effectiveness of different spending policies for meeting various objectives

Public expenditure on food and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Pernechele, V., Fontes, F., Baborska, R., Nkuingoua, J., Pan, X., Tuyishime, C.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251343446
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Public expenditure on food and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa by : Pernechele, V., Fontes, F., Baborska, R., Nkuingoua, J., Pan, X., Tuyishime, C.

Download or read book Public expenditure on food and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa written by Pernechele, V., Fontes, F., Baborska, R., Nkuingoua, J., Pan, X., Tuyishime, C. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring and analysing food and agriculture policies and their effects is crucial to support decision makers in developing countries to shape better policies that drive agricultural and food systems transformation. This report is a technical analysis of government spending data on food and agriculture during 2004–2018 in 13 sub-Saharan African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. It analyses the level of public expenditure, including budget execution, source of funding and decentralized spending, as well as the composition of expenditure, including on producer or consumer support, research and development, infrastructure and more to reveal the trends and challenges that countries are facing. It also delves into the relationship between the composition of public expenditure and agricultural performance.As a way forward for future policymaking, the report offers a set of recommendations to strengthen policy monitoring systems and data generation for effective public investments in food and agriculture.The report is produced by the Monitoring and Analysing Food and Agricultural Policies (MAFAP) programme at FAO in collaboration with MAFAP country partners.

A systematic review of cross-country data initiatives on agricultural public expenditures in developing countries

Author : Anson, Richard
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A systematic review of cross-country data initiatives on agricultural public expenditures in developing countries by : Anson, Richard

Download or read book A systematic review of cross-country data initiatives on agricultural public expenditures in developing countries written by Anson, Richard and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reviews all of the relevant data and analytical initiatives or activities that focus on or include agricultural public expenditure (AgPE) in developing and transitioning countries. In addition to taking stock of such initiatives, we carry out a comparison of relevant features, describe differences and similarities, and identify possible avenues for greater collaboration and complementarity, including the use of selected empirical examples arising from the comparative review.

Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa

Author : Tewodaj Mogues
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136445404
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa by : Tewodaj Mogues

Download or read book Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa written by Tewodaj Mogues and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas there is plenty of work looking at macroeconomic effect of public spending on growth and poverty in Africa as well as studies of the impact of spending or investment in one economic sector on outcomes in that sector or on broader welfare measures, this book fills a much needed gap in the research looking how the composition of public spending affects key development outcomes in the region. The book brings together recent analysis on the trends in, and returns to, public spending for agricultural growth and rural development in Africa. Case studies of selected African countries provide insights on the contributions of different types of public expenditures for poverty, growth and welfare outcomes, as well as insights into the constraints in gaining development mileage from investments in the agricultural sector.

Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme

Author : New Partnership for Africa's Development
Publisher : Nepad
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme by : New Partnership for Africa's Development

Download or read book Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme written by New Partnership for Africa's Development and published by Nepad. This book was released on 2003 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reaping Richer Returns

Author : Aparajita Goyal
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464809402
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Reaping Richer Returns by : Aparajita Goyal

Download or read book Reaping Richer Returns written by Aparajita Goyal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhancing the productivity of agriculture is vital for Sub-Saharan Africa's economic future and is one of the most important tools to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity in the region. How governments elect to spend public resources has significant development impact in this regard. Choosing to catalyze a shift toward more effective, efficient, and climate-resilient public spending in agriculture can accelerate change and unleash growth. Not only does agricultural public spending in Sub-Saharan Africa lag behind other developing regions but its impact is vitiated by subsidy programs and transfers that tend to benefit elites to the detriment of poor people and the agricultural sector itself. Shortcomings in the budgeting processes also reduce spending effectiveness. In light of this scenario, addressing the quality of public spending and the efficiency of resource use becomes even more important than addressing only the level of spending. Improvements in the policy environment, better institutions, and investments in rural public goods positively affect agricultural productivity. These, combined with smarter use of public funds, have helped lay the foundations for agricultural productivity growth around the world, resulting in a wealth of important lessons from which African policy makers and development practitioners can draw. 'Reaping Richer Returns: Public Spending Priorities for African Agriculture Productivity Growth' will be of particular interest to policy makers, development practitioners, and academics. The rigorous analysis presented in this book provides options for reform with a view to boosting the productivity of African agriculture and eventually increasing development impact.

United States agricultural policy

Author : Glauber, Joseph W.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis United States agricultural policy by : Glauber, Joseph W.

Download or read book United States agricultural policy written by Glauber, Joseph W. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the development of US agricultural policy and considers how it has affected US consumers and producers, as well as how US programs affect foreign producers and consumers within the context of the United States’ obligations under the World Trade Organization. Throughout its history, the United States has supported the farm sector through a myriad of policies affecting prices, production, and farm incomes. Although many of the policies put in place during the New Deal legislation in the 1930s were seen as temporary at the time, most have persisted in one form or another to the present day. And while many would argue that the form and function of today’s agricultural programs are less distortionary than before, the level of support provided to the sector is several billion dollars annually.

Roads to innovation

Author : Wang, Xu
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Roads to innovation by : Wang, Xu

Download or read book Roads to innovation written by Wang, Xu and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although both infrastructure and innovation play an important role in fostering a country’s economic growth, discussion in the literature about how the two are connected is limited. This paper examines the impact of road density on firm innovation in China using a matched patent database at the firm level and road information at the city level. Regional variation in the difficulty of constructing roads is used as an instrumental variable to address the potential endogeneity problem of the road variable. The empirical results show that a 10 percent improvement in road density increases the average number of approved patents per firm by 0.71 percent. Road development spurs innovation by enlarging market size and facilitating knowledge spillover.

Productive public investment in agriculture for economic recovery with rural well-being: an analysis of prospective scenarios for Uganda

Download Productive public investment in agriculture for economic recovery with rural well-being: an analysis of prospective scenarios for Uganda PDF Online Free

Author : Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M., Pereira Fontes, F.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251358044
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Productive public investment in agriculture for economic recovery with rural well-being: an analysis of prospective scenarios for Uganda by : Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M., Pereira Fontes, F.

Download or read book Productive public investment in agriculture for economic recovery with rural well-being: an analysis of prospective scenarios for Uganda written by Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M., Pereira Fontes, F. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-02-21 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study highlights how, through a series of scenarios, public investments promoting agricultural productivity in Uganda could drive growth in agrifood production, with favourable impacts on the economy, on well-being and on poverty, especially in rural areas. Using a modelling tool to represent the Ugandan economy, with its multiple sectors and current fiscal constraints, the study ranked the subsectors of Uganda’s agriculture that, through the productivity impact of public investments representing 0.25 percent of GDP (on average, about 373 billion 2017 Uganda shillings) during the years 2023–2025, will generate the greatest socio-economic benefits, maximizing the cost-effectiveness of the public investments. Generally, economic growth and the welfare of households, as measured by their consumption, will be positively impacted, but the impacts will ultimately depend on the sector that receives the investment, which is shown in a ranking. The agricultural sectors targeted for government investment will increase their output (and food prices will thus fall), and this will stimulate growth in non-agricultural sectors, both by increasing final demand for non-agricultural products and by lowering input prices and fostering upstream processing. Lower food prices will have a significant impact since food represents a relatively large proportion of the consumption basket of poorest households. Furthermore, labour income for rural households will increase with productivity growth, and this will reduce rural poverty. The findings of this study provide important information about the priorities of Uganda’s National Development Plan (NDP) III and vision for agriculture, as well as new priorities to be considered for enabling economic recovery with increased well-being post-COVID-19.

Global and regional pulse economies

Author : Joshi, Pramod Kumar
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Global and regional pulse economies by : Joshi, Pramod Kumar

Download or read book Global and regional pulse economies written by Joshi, Pramod Kumar and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pulse sector is undergoing dynamic changes globally and in several regions and countries to meet the challenge of growing demand in the face of sluggish production growth. Realizing the importance of pulses in the human diet, 2016 has been declared the International Year of Pulses (IYP). This report captures the dynamics of the pulse sector during the last three decades. The examination of pulse supply, demand, uses, trade, prices, and outlook would help researchers and policy makers make more informed decisions related to the sector. Pulse-based food is an important source of dietary protein and essential minerals, particularly for the vegetarian population. At the global level, the average share of pulses is only 5 percent of the total protein consumption but their contribution in several developing countries range between 10 and 40 percent. To meet the growing demand and raise their per capita availability, countries made efforts to increase production and explore trade opportunities to augment domestic supply. Overall between 1980 and 2013, pulses production at the global level grew at an annual rate of 1.3 percent but there were, however, two phases of pulses production at the global level. While there was almost a period of stagnation in production of pulses during the1990s, production has sharply increased since 2005. The bulk of the increase in production came from developing countries where both area and yield growth (from a low base) contributed to the production. For developed countries—where production also grew—the center of production shifted from Europe to North America and Oceania. For developing countries, two new centers of production emerged in Eastern Africa and Southeastern Asia (Myanmar).

Labor adaptation to climate variability in Eastern Africa

Author : Dou, Xiaoya
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Labor adaptation to climate variability in Eastern Africa by : Dou, Xiaoya

Download or read book Labor adaptation to climate variability in Eastern Africa written by Dou, Xiaoya and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As countries design climate change adaptation policies, it is important to understand how workers alter behavior in response to changes in temperature. Nonetheless, the impact of temperature on labor markets is poorly documented, especially in Africa. We address this gap by analyzing panel surveys of labor choices by sector, contractual arrangement, and migration status in four East African countries. Merging survey information with high-resolution climate data, we assess how workers shift employment in response to temperature anomalies. Results suggest important distinctions between rural and urban areas. In urban areas, only agricultural self-employment and migration are responsive to temperature, with participation in both activities decreasing at high extremes. Urban out-migration is used as a tool to increase incomes in “good” years rather than an adaptation mechanism during bad years. In contrast, out-migration appears to be a means of adapting to high temperatures in rural areas, especially among households with relatively little agricultural land. The combined impact of these forces suggests that a 2 standard deviation increase in temperature results in a 7 percent increase in urban unemployment and no significant impact on rural unemployment.

A model of reporting and controlling outbreaks by public health agencies

Author : Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A model of reporting and controlling outbreaks by public health agencies by : Saak, Alexander E.

Download or read book A model of reporting and controlling outbreaks by public health agencies written by Saak, Alexander E. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When an outbreak of an infectious disease is suspected, a local health agency may notify a state or federal agency and request additional resources to investigate and, if necessary, contain it. However, due to capacity constraints, state and federal health agencies may not be able to grant all such requests, which may give an incentive to local agencies to request help strategically. We study a model of detection and control of an infectious disease by local health agencies in the presence of imperfect information about the likelihood of an outbreak and limited diagnostic capacity. When diagnostic capacity is rationed based on reports of symptoms, the decision to report symptoms or not creates a trade-off. On the one hand, rigorous testing allows one to make an informed disease control decision. On the other hand, it also increases the probability that the disease will spread from an untested area where fewer precautionary measures are taken. Symptoms are overreported (respectively, reported truthfully, or underreported) when the cost of disease control is sufficiently small (respectively, in some intermediate range, or sufficiently large). If the disease incidence decreases or infectiousness increases, symptoms are reported less frequently. If the precision of private signals increases, the extent of overreporting of symptoms may increase. For different values of the parameters it can be socially optimal to subsidize or tax requests for additional investigations and confirmatory testing.

Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9210014596
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review by : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Download or read book Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review of Zambia has three fundamental goals. Its first goal is to offer Zambia an assessment of activities and institutions that make up its innovation ecosystem. The second goal is to draw attention to important socio-economic development questions for Zambia. Special attention has been placed on four such questions: gender, food, mining and digital transformation. The third goal is to provide recommendations for strengthening STI policy and propose measures that may improve national technological capacities and encourage innovation.

Boserupian pressure and agricultural mechanization in modern Ghana

Author : Cossar, Frances
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Boserupian pressure and agricultural mechanization in modern Ghana by : Cossar, Frances

Download or read book Boserupian pressure and agricultural mechanization in modern Ghana written by Cossar, Frances and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adoption of machinery in agricultural production in Africa south of the Sahara has been far behind the level of mechanization found in Asia and Latin America. However, recent survey data have revealed high levels of machinery use in localized areas of cereal production in northern Ghana. A survey conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute, in partnership with the Savannah Agriculture Research Institute, found that in some areas more than 80 percent of farmers were using machinery for at least one operation. This paper considers the theoretical drivers of agricultural intensification, as outlined by Boserup, Pingali, and Binswanger, and the extent to which they are able to explain the spatial variation in machinery use found in northern Ghana. Population pressure, market access, and agroecological conditions are considered key drivers that cause farmers to find ways to increase productivity and adopt new technologies. Combining survey data with geospatial datasets, the empirical analysis finds that population growth and travel time to the local urban center explain a significant and large proportion of the variation in machinery use by farmers.

Agricultural mechanization and agricultural transformation

Author : Diao, Xinshen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural mechanization and agricultural transformation by : Diao, Xinshen

Download or read book Agricultural mechanization and agricultural transformation written by Diao, Xinshen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renewed focus on agriculture’s potential contribution to economic transformation in Africa has resulted in increased attention paid to agricultural mechanization. African agriculture still relies predominantly on human muscle power despite anecdotal evidence on urbanization and rising rural wages, in contrast to other developing regions that have experienced rapid increases in agricultural mechanization during the past few decades. Past state-led mechanization pushes in Africa often failed due to insufficient understanding of the nature of demand for mechanization technologies among farmers and insufficient knowledge of private-sector functions. This background paper reviews the factors likely to influence farmer demand for mechanization in Africa and details different existing and potential mechanization supply models. Although an empirical analysis of mechanization demand and the effectiveness of supply chains is beyond the scope of this paper, in part due to data limitations, this paper suggests that demand for mechanization may be emerging in some parts of Africa. It also suggests that private-sector-driven supply models are better positioned to meet this demand than direct government involvement and certain types of subsidized programs. The paper then identifies possible areas for government support to complement private-sector leadership in developing mechanization supply chains. Nevertheless, significant further research is required to better understand the changing nature of mechanization demand in Africa and the extent and effectiveness of different supply models in meeting it.

Understanding compliance in programs promoting conservation agriculture

Author : Ward, Patrick S.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding compliance in programs promoting conservation agriculture by : Ward, Patrick S.

Download or read book Understanding compliance in programs promoting conservation agriculture written by Ward, Patrick S. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land degradation and soil erosion have emerged as serious challenges to smallholder farmers throughout southern Africa. To combat these challenges, conservation agriculture (CA) is widely promoted as a sustainable package of agricultural practices. Despite the many potential benefits of CA, however, adoption remains low. Yet relatively little is known about the decision-making process in choosing to adopt CA. This article attempts to fill this important knowledge gap by studying CA adoption in southern Malawi. Unlike what is implicitly assumed when these packages of practices are introduced, farmers view adoption as a series of independent decisions rather than a single decision. Yet the adoption decisions are not wholly independent. We find strong evidence of interrelated decisions, particularly among mulching crop residues and practicing zero tillage, suggesting that mulching residues and intercropping or rotating with legumes introduces a multiplier effect on the adoption of zero tillage.

Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size-productivity relationship ?

Author : Deininger, Klaus
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size-productivity relationship ? by : Deininger, Klaus

Download or read book Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size-productivity relationship ? written by Deininger, Klaus and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand whether and how inverse relationship between farm size and productivity changes when labor market performance improves, we use large national farm panel from India covering a quarter-century (1982, 1999, 2008) to show that the inverserelationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. A key reason was the substitution of capital for labor in response to nonagricultural labor demand. In addition, family labor wasmore efficient than hired labor in the 1982–1999 period, but not during the 1999–2008period.In line with labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period,except in villages with very low nonagricultural labor demand.