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Field Examination Of Epoxy Coated Rebars In Concrete Bridge Decks
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Book Synopsis Field Examination of Epoxy-coated Rebars in Concrete Bridge Decks by : Henry J. Gillis
Download or read book Field Examination of Epoxy-coated Rebars in Concrete Bridge Decks written by Henry J. Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coating reinforcing bars with epoxy was assumed to be the answer to corrosion problems in highway structures when it was developed. In the last few years, this assumption has been seriously questioned. Cases of damage to structures resulting from corrosion of epoxy coated steel have been reported in Florida, New York and Ontario. In 1992, the Physical Research Section was asked by the Office of Bridges and Structures at the Minnesota Department of Transportation to conduct a limited field survey to determine if a problem existed in Minnesota. The first bridge built with epoxy coated rebars in Minnesota shows no signs of distress almost 20 years after construction. The corrosion of epoxy coated rebars that has been observed elsewhere was not discovered by this survey. The prestressed girder bridges included in this survey showed fewer transverse cracks than the steel girder bridges.
Book Synopsis Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges by : Kenneth C. Clear
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges written by Kenneth C. Clear and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks by :
Download or read book Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the corrosion protection performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR) was evaluated using approximately 250 concrete cores from 18 bridge decks in Virginia. The decks were 2 to 20 years old at the time of the investigation. The deck field inspections included a crack survey and cover depth determination in the right traffic lane. A maximum of 12 cores with the top reinforcement randomly located in the lowest 12th percentile cover depth were taken from each bridge deck. Because of the safety concerns associated with taking cores from the lower steel mat, and to minimize damage to the bridge, a maximum of only 3 cores were taken through the truss bars. The laboratory evaluation of the concrete cores included a visual examination and a determination of the carbonation depth, moisture content, absorption, percent saturation, and chloride content at a 13-mm depth. The rapid chloride permeability test was also performed for the surface and base concrete on samples obtained from the cores taken through the truss bars to determine chloride permeability. The ECR inspection consisted of a visual examination, a damage evaluation, and a determination of coating thickness and adhesion. The condition of the steel underneath the epoxy coating was also evaluated. Adhesion loss of the epoxy coating to the steel surface was detected in all but one deck that was 4 years old and older. The epoxy coatings were debonding from the reinforcing bars. Whereas a bonded coating can be expected to protect the steel, a debonded coating allows chlorides, moisture, and oxygen to reach the steel and initiate a rapid corrosion mechanism. Reinforcing bars in various stages of adhesion loss showed visible signs of a corrosion process underneath the coating, suggesting that ECR will provide little or no additional service life for concrete bridge decks in comparison to bare steel. Other systems that will provide longer protection against chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel with a higher degree of reliability should be considered.
Book Synopsis Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I by : Lisa M. Samples
Download or read book Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I written by Lisa M. Samples and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars by : José Antonio Pincheira
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this investigation was to conduct an in-depth study to determine the level of corrosion protection offered by epoxy-coated bars in four bridge decks in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area. The bridges studied were built between 1973 and 1978 and all decks had a top mat built with epoxy-coated bars. The bottom mat was epoxy-coated in only one deck whereas black steel was used for the bottom mat in the other bridges. These bridges had been assessed in 1996 and thus, the present study is a follow up investigation to obtain data and assess the field performance of epoxy-coated bars over a period of approximately 30 years. The investigation included field inspection and surveys of the decks, as well as laboratory tests of concrete core and bar samples. After 30 years of service, the overall condition of the epoxy-coated bars is good to very good, with no or modest levels of corrosion activity. In only one bridge, corrosion activity appears to be moderate to severe. The majority of corroded bars were found near joints or at crack locations. The amount of delamination in all decks is very low.
Book Synopsis Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components by :
Download or read book Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven systems containing epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) in combination with another corrosion-protection system are evaluated using the rapid macrocell, southern exposure, cracked beam, linear polarization resistance, and field tests. The systems include bars pretreated with zinc chromate to improve the adhesion between the epoxy and the reinforcing steel, two epoxies with improved adhesion to the reinforcing steel, one inorganic corrosion inhibitor (calcium nitrite), two organic corrosion inhibitors (Rheocrete® 222+ and HycreteTM), an epoxy-coated bar with a primer containing microencapsulated calcium nitrite, three epoxy-coated bars with improved adhesion combined with the corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite, and multiple-coated (MC) bars with an initial 50-microm (2-mil) coating of 98 percent zinc and 2 percent aluminum followed by a conventional epoxy coating. The systems are compared with conventional uncoated reinforcement and conventional ECR. The coatings on all bars are penetrated to simulate the effects of damage during fabrication and placement in the field. The results presented in this report indicate that the coated bars provide superior corrosion protection to the reinforcing steel and that bars with damaged coatings initiate corrosion at chloride contents within concrete that are several times greater and corrode at rates that are typically two orders of magnitude below those exhibited by conventional reinforcement. Limited additional protection is achieved using bars with the primer coating, MC bars, and concrete containing the corrosion inhibitors calcium nitrite and one of the organic corrosion inhibitors, although the latter resulted in reduced compressive strength and reduced resistance to surface scaling. The differences in costs over a 75-year design life are relatively small for coated bars. Cracks in concrete directly over and parallel to the reinforcement, such as found in bridge decks, result in earlier corrosion initiation and higher corrosion rates than obtained with intact concrete for all systems. Epoxies that provide initially high adhesion to the underlying steel provide no advantage over conventional epoxy coatings. All coated bars that were evaluated exhibited corrosion losses at openings through the coating. A reduction in adhesion between an epoxy coating and the reinforcing steel occurs after a period of exposure to corrosive conditions. This reduction increases with increasing chloride content in the concrete and in the presence of cracks and decreases with the use of corrosion inhibitors, with the use of MC reinforcement, and with electrical isolation of the epoxy-coated bars from each other. Corrosion products form under the coating where adhesion has been reduced. For periods up to five years under exposure conditions representative of those in bridge decks, the reduction in adhesion between an epoxy coating and the reinforcing steel did not affect the rate at which coated bars corrode.
Book Synopsis Nondestructive Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Using Bi-electrode Half-cell Potential Techniques by : Stephen R. Sharp
Download or read book Nondestructive Evaluation of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Using Bi-electrode Half-cell Potential Techniques written by Stephen R. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated two half-cell mapping methods for nondestructive evaluation of epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in concrete: the semi-fixed bi-electrode and the moving bi-electrode methods. These methods were expected to provide early detection of corrosion-related damage and ensure adequate time for repair. The techniques were evaluated by comparing the half-cell measurements using the two half-cell mapping techniques and measurements using the standard half-cell technique. The study found that in concrete specimens the response of both bi-electrode techniques was similar to that of the standard half-cell technique. Each technique was sensitive enough to distinguish between ponded and unponded regions along the Type I test beams. Although additional research is required to determine exactly how sensitive either bi-electrode technique is for assessing corrosion of ECR in concrete, it is clear that the use of any nondestructive tool for condition surveys of bridge decks would benefit VDOT and Virginia. The author recommends that the Type I test beams used in this study continue to be ponded until corrosion is initiated to aid in understanding the benefit of using the two bi-electrode methods during the various stages of corrosion. In addition, the Virginia Department of Transportation's Structure & Bridge Division should identify two structures that are beginning to show signs of corrosion, one bridge with ECR and the other with bare bar, to be used in a field study to determine if either bi-electrode method would benefit VDOT as a condition survey tool.
Book Synopsis Concrete Bridge Deck Performance by : H. G. Russell
Download or read book Concrete Bridge Deck Performance written by H. G. Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Book Synopsis Field Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Performance of Bridge Decks and Piles Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia by :
Download or read book Field Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Performance of Bridge Decks and Piles Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Investigation of Four Bridges Built Between 1973 and 1978 Containing Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel by : Paul D. Krauss
Download or read book Corrosion Investigation of Four Bridges Built Between 1973 and 1978 Containing Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel written by Paul D. Krauss and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., performed an in-depth field investigation into the performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars in four bridge decks. The study included two decks built on steel girders and two built on precast concrete girders. Two decks had been overlaid with a 2-in. low slump overlay. The bridges were all built between 1973 and 1978. Visual crack and delamination surveys were performed. Core samples were drilled for determination of chloride concentrations and to examine the embedded steel. Polarization resistance, half-cell, and AC impedance measurements were taken, but were not conclusive. Further development is needed. Laboratory testing included inspection of the coating, holiday and thickness tests, coating adhesion tests, and underfilm contamination.
Book Synopsis Bond of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Bridge Decks by : D. B. Cleary
Download or read book Bond of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Bridge Decks written by D. B. Cleary and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Deck Cracking on Durability by : Fouad Fanous
Download or read book Impact of Deck Cracking on Durability written by Fouad Fanous and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge decks subjected to corrosive environment because of the application of de-icing chemical could deteriorate at a rapid rate. In an effort to minimize corrosion of the reinforcement and the corresponding delaminations and spalls, the Iowa Department of Transportation started using epoxy-coated rebars (ECR) in the top mat of reinforcing around 1976 and in both mats 10 years later. The overall objective of this research was to determine the impact of deck cracking on durability and estimate the remaining functional service life of a bridge deck. This was accomplished by conducting a literature review, visually inspecting several bridge decks, collecting and sampling test cores from cracked and uncracked areas of bridge decks, determining the extent to which epoxy-coated rebars deteriorate at the site of cracks, and evaluating the impact of cracking on service life.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks by : Matthew O'Reilly
Download or read book Evaluation of Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Matthew O'Reilly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The performance of corrosion protection systems for reinforcing steel in concrete is evaluated. In addition to conventional and conventional epoxy-coated reinforcement, the corrosion protection systems tested include epoxy coatings with improved adhesion to the underlying steel, conventional and conventional epoxy-coated reinforcement used in conjunction with concrete containing one of three corrosion inhibitors, DCI-S, Rheocrete 222+, or Hycrete, epoxy-coated reinforcement with a microencapsulated calcium nitrite primer, multiple-coated reinforcement with a layer of zinc between the epoxy and steel, and pickled 2205 duplex stainless steel. The systems are evaluated using bench-scale and field tests. Two bridges in Kansas, cast with 2205 stainless steel, are monitored using corrosion potential mapping. Epoxy-coated and multiplecoated bars are evaluated to determine the effect of corrosion loss and time on the disbondment of the epoxy coating. Conventional, galvanized, and epoxy-coated reinforcement are evaluated using impressed current to determine the corrosion loss required to crack concrete for each system. A finite element model is developed to represent general and localized corrosion, and the results are used to develop a relationship between concrete cover, bar diameter, and area of bar corroding, and the corrosion loss required to crack concrete. An analysis of pore solutions expressed from cement pastes containing corrosion inhibitors is performed, with pH and selected ion concentrations measured from solutions collected one and seven days after casting. The results obtained from bench-scale and field test specimens are used to estimate cost effectiveness for each system under a 75-year service life. The results show epoxy coatings significantly reduce the corrosion rate compared to conventional reinforcement. Corrosion inhibitors significantly reduce corrosion rates in uncracked concrete. In cracked concrete, corrosion inhibitors also reduce corrosion rates, but their relative effectiveness is reduced. Specimens containing Hycrete exhibit the lowest corrosion rates; however, field specimens containing Hycrete also show signs of scaling. Epoxies with improved adhesion exhibit no improvement over conventional epoxy-coated reinforcement in terms of corrosion rate or disbondment of the epoxy coating. Multiple-coated reinforcement exhibits significantly less disbondment than epoxy-coated reinforcement. Pickled 2205 reinforcement exhibits the least corrosion among all systems tested. Testing of conventional and galvanized reinforcement indicates galvanized reinforcement requires more than twice as much corrosion loss to crack the surrounding concrete compared to conventional reinforcement."--Technical report documentation page.
Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring the Field Corrosion Activity of Bridge Decks Built with Bare and Epoxy Coated Steel by : A. Ramniceanu
Download or read book Measuring the Field Corrosion Activity of Bridge Decks Built with Bare and Epoxy Coated Steel written by A. Ramniceanu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epoxy coated steel became the prevalent corrosion protection methods starting in the early 1980s. Since then, studies have shown that epoxy coating does not prevent corrosion, but instead will debond from the steel reinforcement in as little as four years, allowing instead a much more insidious form of corrosion to take place under the coating. Therefore, it is important to determine if nondestructive corrosion activity detection methods are applicable to epoxy coated reinforcing steel as well as institute guidelines for interpreting the results. Based on comparisons of measurements distributions, this study shows that there is an indication that these nondestructive test methods may be applicable to structures reinforced with epoxy coated steel.
Book Synopsis Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement in Iowa Bridge Decks by : Han-Ching Wu
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement in Iowa Bridge Decks written by Han-Ching Wu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge decks subjected to corrosive environment, due to the application of de-icing chemical, could deteriorate at a rapid rate. In an effort to minimize corrosion of the reinforcement and the corresponding delaminations and spalls, the Iowa Department of Transportation (IADOT) started using epoxy-coated rebars (ECR) in the top mat of reinforcing around 1976 and in both mats about 10 years later. The ultimate objective of this research was to determine the impact of deck cracking on durability and estimate the remaining functional service life of a bridge deck. The overall objectives of this work were obtained by conducting a literature review, visually inspecting several bridge decks, collecting and sampling test cores from cracked and uncracked areas of bridge decks, determining the extent to which epoxy coated rebars deteriorate at the site of cracks, and evaluating the impact of cracking on service life.
Book Synopsis Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete by : Stephen Yeomans
Download or read book Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete written by Stephen Yeomans and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-26 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used modern materials of construction. It is comparatively cheap, readily available, and suitable for a variety of building and construction applications. Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete provides a detailed resource covering all aspects of this important material. Both servicability and durability aspects are well covered, with all the information needed maximise the life of buildings constructed from it. Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information and data from world renound authors, it will be a valuable source of reference for academics, researchers, students and professionals alike. Provides information vital to prolong the life of buildings constructed from this versatile material Brings together a disparate body of knowledge from many parts of the world into a concise and authoritative text Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information
