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Fertility Change In Contemporary Japan
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Book Synopsis Fertility Change in Contemporary Japan by : Robert W. Hodge
Download or read book Fertility Change in Contemporary Japan written by Robert W. Hodge and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the striking decline in Japan's birthrate in light of the rapid urbanization, industrialization, and socioeconomic development experienced by the nation since World War II.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility by : Frances McCall Rosenbluth
Download or read book The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility written by Frances McCall Rosenbluth and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.
Book Synopsis Intimacy and Reproduction in Contemporary Japan by : Genaro Castro-Vazquez
Download or read book Intimacy and Reproduction in Contemporary Japan written by Genaro Castro-Vazquez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an ethnographic investigation of intimate and reproductive behaviour in current Japanese society, grounded in the viewpoints of a group of Japanese mothers. It adopts a new approach in studying the decreasing fertility rates which are contributing to the ageing population in modern Japan. Based on the accounts of 57 married Japanese women, it employs symbolic interactionism as a framework to examine the various factors affecting decision-making on childbirth. The influence of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), abortion and contraception in the daily interactions and experiences of the mothers are analysed to offer a new perspective on the Japanese demographic conundrum. With strong contextual information as the foundation, the book contributes fresh insight into how Japanese women perceive the idea of childbirth in a modernized society, and also assists our understanding of the factors causing Japan’s ageing population. Further, it places the mothers’ experiences within current global debates to highlight the salience of the Japanese case. As the first book to provide an in-depth examination of the social process underpinning the decision to become a mother in Japan, it will appeal to students and scholars of Japanese culture and society, Gender Studies, and Sociology.
Book Synopsis Childbearing and Careers of Japanese Women Born in the 1960s by : Yukiko Senda
Download or read book Childbearing and Careers of Japanese Women Born in the 1960s written by Yukiko Senda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the keys to understanding the trajectory that Japanese society has followed toward its lowest-low fertility since the 1980s. The characteristics of the life course of women born in the 1960s, who were the first cohort to enter that trajectory, are explored by using both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. Among the many books explaining the decline in fertility, this book is unique in four ways. First, it describes in detail the reality of factors concerning the fertility decline in Japan. Second, the book uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to introduce the whole picture of how the low-fertility trend began in the 1980s and developed in the 1990s and thereafter. Third, the focus is on a specific birth cohort because their experiences determined the current patterns of family formation such as late marriage and postponed childbirth. Fourth, the book explores the knife-edge balance between work and family conditions, especially with regard to childbearing, in the context of Japanese management and gender norms. After examining the characteristics of demographic and socioeconomic circumstances of postwar Japan in detail, it can be seen that the change in family formation first occurred drastically in the 1960s cohort. Using both qualitative interview data cumulatively from 150 people and quantitative estimates with official statistics, this book shows how individual-level choices to balance work and family obligations resulted in a national-level fertility decline. Another focus of this book is the increasing unintended infertility due to postponed pregnancy, a phenomenon that is attracting great social attention because the average age of pregnancy is approaching the biological limit. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the rapid fertility decline as well as the work–life balance and the life course of women in Japanese employment practice and family traditions.
Book Synopsis Biodemography of Fertility in Japan by : Shoko Konishi
Download or read book Biodemography of Fertility in Japan written by Shoko Konishi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-30 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents original data on the proximate determinants of fertility in Japan. Its goal is to disaggregate low fertility levels in Japan into physiological, behavioral, and social components. Further, the book reviews previous studies on the proximate determinants of fertility in Japan, and compares the data to that on other countries. This book is the first to summarize previous research projects conducted in Japan on this topic, and proposes future research directions to fill the remaining research gaps. Further, it sheds new light on the similarities and differences between the fertility level in Japan and in other countries in terms of biodemographical components, helping readers understand the mechanisms of fertility change in Japan.
Book Synopsis Demographic Change and Policy Responses by : Reiko Hayashi
Download or read book Demographic Change and Policy Responses written by Reiko Hayashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how people have perceived and acted on the changes in four different population components, namely, fertility, mortality, and mobility, through the creation and development of Modern Japan to the present day. With the highest life expectancy in the world; the highest proportion of the elderly; very low fertility, below the replacement level; and a limited number of international migrants, Japan’s population indicators are unique. Around 2008, the population of the archipelago started to decrease at the same pace as it had previously increased. To understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to look back in history and examine the facts and ideas that shaped the Japanese population. From the Meiji to the Heisei eras (1868–present), substantial changes occurred not only in the numbers but also in the perception and norms that people take for granted. These changes are traced, side by side, through the chapters on fertility control, health and population ageing, urbanization and internal migration, international migration, and international cooperation in the field of population and development. The book illustrates not the uniqueness that isolates Japan from the rest of the world, but the reality of a population that has faced one situation at a time, offering readers a perspective for understanding human society at large.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore by : Shigeki Matsuda
Download or read book Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.
Book Synopsis Motherhood and Work in Contemporary Japan by : Nishimura Junko
Download or read book Motherhood and Work in Contemporary Japan written by Nishimura Junko and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the employment of Japanese women born in the 1960s and 1970s who experienced childbirth and raised children in the 1990s and the early 2000s. During this period, the Japanese economy experienced a severe recession. It has affected the firm-specific internal labour market and on employment practices, which in turn are thought to have greatly influenced Japanese women’s employment. On the other hand, the fertility rate declined and social policies to support women’s employment began to be implemented after the 1990s. This book explores how these labour market structure and social policies interact to affect Japanese women’s employment. The book first analyses the employment patterns of women born between the 1920s and 1970s and examines how they have varied among different birth cohorts. Then, the employment behaviour of women before and after childbirth through the post-child-rearing period, as well as the working career of single mothers are explored for women born in the 1960s and 1970s. Based on the data analyses, the concluding part of this book discusses how the labour market structure and social policies during the 1990s and early 2000s interactively influenced employment behaviour of Japanese women, and some suggestions are put forward for changing women’s employment during the child-rearing years.
Book Synopsis Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia by : Toru Suzuki
Download or read book Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia written by Toru Suzuki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique comparative view of the extremely low fertility and drastic population aging in Eastern Asian countries. After discussing demographic and political developments of Japan in detail as a reference case, accelerated changes in Korea, Taiwan and China are interpreted with a comparative cultural view. In addition to the well-known cultural divide between countries with strong and weak family ties, this book proposes another divide between offspring of the feudal family and that of the Confucian family. Included is a discussion of how the discrepancy between the compressed change in the socioeconomic system and the slow change in the family system has resulted in extremely low fertility in Eastern Asia. A comparison of policy development reveals that the sense of overpopulation has caused difficulty in launching pro-natal policy interventions in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Impacts of fertility decline on population aging, total dependency ratio and the timing of population decline in Eastern Asia are analyzed with a stylized model. The remaining Confucian family pattern is especially important in understanding and predicting political development to cope with accelerated population aging. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the latest and most surprising demographic phenomena in the region.
Book Synopsis Values and Fertility Change in Japan by : Robert D. Retherford
Download or read book Values and Fertility Change in Japan written by Robert D. Retherford and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Work and Family in Japanese Society by : Junya Tsutsui
Download or read book Work and Family in Japanese Society written by Junya Tsutsui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic framework for interpreting the fertility decline in Japan. It situates the change in fertility rates in a broader context, such as family life and working customs. The basic argument it puts forward is that Japan has failed to establish a “dual-earner” society: women still face the trade-off between having a career or starting a family, which has led to an extremely low fertility rate in Japanese society. Further to this rather common explanation, which could also be applied to other low-fertility societies such as Germany and Italy, the author presents an original view. Japan has had its own momentum in holding on to its strong “men as breadwinners and women as housekeepers” model by creating a unique regime, namely, a Japanese model of a welfare society. This regime places special emphasis on the welfare provided by private companies and family members instead of by the government. Private firms are expected to secure men’s jobs and income to the greatest extent, taking advantage of Japanese employment customs. On the other hand, women are expected to provide care for their family members. The book argues that the familialist orientation is still dominant in Japan and is repeatedly reinforced in the policy context.
Book Synopsis The Changing Japanese Family by : Marcus Rebick
Download or read book The Changing Japanese Family written by Marcus Rebick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Japanese family is shifting in fundamental ways, specifically in terms of attitudes towards family and societal relationships, and also the role of the family in society. Changing Japanese Family explores these significant changes which include an ageing population, delayed marriages, a fallen birth rate, which has fallen below the level needed for replacement, and a decline in three-generational households and family businesses. The authors investigate these changes and the effects of them on Japanese society, whilst also setting the study in the context of wider economic and social changes in Japan. They offer interesting comparisons with international societies, especially with Southern Europe, where similar changes to the family and its role are occuring. This fascinating text is essential reading for those with an enthusiasm in Japanese studies but will also engage those with a concern in Japanese culture and society, as well as appealing to a readership with a wider interest in the sociology of the family.
Book Synopsis Writing Pregnancy in Low-Fertility Japan by : Amanda C. Seaman
Download or read book Writing Pregnancy in Low-Fertility Japan written by Amanda C. Seaman and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2016-12-31 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing Pregnancy in Low-Fertility Japan is a wide-ranging account of how women writers have made sense (and nonsense) of pregnancy in postwar Japan. While earlier authors such as Yosano Akiko had addressed the pain and emotional complexities of childbearing in their poetry and prose, the topic quickly moved into the literary shadows when motherhood became enshrined as a duty to state and sovereign in the 1930s and ’40s. This reproductive imperative endured after World War II, spurred by a need to create a new generation of citizens and consumers for a new, peacetime nation. It was only in the 1960s, in the context of a flowering of feminist thought and activism, that more critical and nuanced appraisals of pregnancy and motherhood began to appear. In her fascinating study, Amanda C. Seaman analyzes the literary manifestations of this new critical approach, in the process introducing readers to a body of work notable for the wide range of genres employed by its authors (including horror and fantasy, short stories, novels, memoir, and manga), the many political, personal, and social concerns informing it, and the diverse creative approaches contained therein. This “pregnancy literature,” Seaman argues, serves as an important yet rarely considered forum for exploring and debating not only the particular experiences of the pregnant mother-to-be, but the broader concerns of Japanese women about their bodies, their families, their life choices, and the meaning of motherhood for individuals and for Japanese society. It will be of interest to scholars of modern Japanese literature and women’s history, as well as those concerned with gender studies, feminism, and popular culture in Japan and beyond.
Download or read book Wombs of Empire written by Sujin Lee and published by . This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's contemporary struggle with low fertility rates is a well-known issue, as are the country's efforts to bolster their population in order to address attendant socio-economic challenges. However, though this anxiety about and discourse around population is thought of as relatively recent phenomenon, government and medical intervention in reproduction and fertility are hardly new in Japan. The "population problem (jinko mondai)" became a buzzword in the country over a century ago, in the 1910s, with a growing call among Japanese social scientists and social reformers to solve what were seen as existential demographic issues. In this book, Sujin Lee traces the trajectory of population discourses in Interwar and Wartime Japan, and positions them as a critical site where competing visions of modernity came into tension. Lee destabilizes the essentialized notions of motherhood and population by dissecting gender norms, modern knowledge, and government practices, each of which played a crucial role in valorizing, regulating, and mobilizing women's maternal bodies and responsibilities in the name of population governance. Bringing a feminist perspective and Foucauldian theory to bear on the history of Japan's wartime scientific fascism, Lee shows how anxieties over demographics have undergirded justifications for ethno-nationalism and racism, colonialism and imperialism, and gender segregation for much of Japan's modern history.
Book Synopsis Career Women in Contemporary Japan by : Anne Stefanie Aronsson
Download or read book Career Women in Contemporary Japan written by Anne Stefanie Aronsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Japan’s economic recession began in the 1990s, the female workforce has experienced revolutionary changes as greater numbers of women have sought to establish careers. Employment trends indicate that increasingly white-collar professional women are succeeding in breaking through the "glass ceiling", as digital technologies blur and redefine work in spatial, gendered, and ideological terms. This book examines what motivates Japanese women to pursue professional careers in the contemporary neoliberal economy, and how they reconfigure notions of selfhood while doing so. It analyses how professional women contest conventional notions of femininity in contemporary Japan and in turn, negotiate new gender roles and cultural assumptions about women, whilst reorganizing the Japanese workplace and wider socio-economic relationships. Further, the book explores how professional women create new social identities through the mutual conditioning of structure and self, and asks how women come to understand their experiences; how their actions change the gendering of the workforce; and how their lives shape the economic, political, social, and cultural landscapes of this post-industrial nation. Based on extensive fieldwork, Career Women in Contemporary Japan will have broad appeal across a range of disciplines including Japanese culture and society, gender and family studies, women’s studies, anthropology, ethnology and sociology.
Book Synopsis Capturing Contemporary Japan by : Satsuki Kawano
Download or read book Capturing Contemporary Japan written by Satsuki Kawano and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are people’s life experiences in present-day Japan? This timely volume addresses fundamental questions vital to understanding Japan in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Its chapters collectively reveal a questioning of middle-class ideals once considered the essence of Japaneseness. In the postwar model household a man was expected to obtain a job at a major firm that offered life-long employment; his counterpart, the “professional” housewife, managed the domestic sphere and the children, who were educated in a system that provided a path to mainstream success. In the past twenty years, however, Japanese society has seen a sharp increase in precarious forms of employment, higher divorce rates, and a widening gap between haves and have-nots. Contributors draw on rich, nuanced fieldwork data collected during the 2000s to examine work, schooling, family and marital relations, child rearing, entertainment, lifestyle choices, community support, consumption and waste, material culture, well-being, aging, death and memorial rites, and sexuality. The voices in these pages vary widely: They include schoolchildren, teenagers, career women, unmarried women, young mothers, people with disabilities, small business owners, organic farmers, retirees, and the elderly.
Book Synopsis Educational Assortative Mating in Japan by : Fumiya Uchikoshi
Download or read book Educational Assortative Mating in Japan written by Fumiya Uchikoshi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a first attempt to comprehensively discuss and investigate causes and potential implications of changing patterns of spouse pairing in Japan and to consider similarities and differences with patterns observed in the USA and other low-fertility Western societies. In this book, research on educational assortative mating in Japan is summarized and updated. This book contributes to research on the demography of contemporary Japan by overviewing theoretical and empirical linkages between marriage behavior and processes of social and economic stratification. It also extends the large body of research on assortative mating and stratification by incorporating insights from the understudied context of Japan. The authors draw upon multiple data sources – both survey and administrative data – to update and extend previous research on “who marries whom” in Japan. The wide range of consequences considered includes income inequality, the intergenerational transmission of advantage and disadvantage, marriage and fertility timing, lifelong singlehood, childlessness, and the family roles of husbands and wives. Throughout the manuscript, Japan is considered in comparative perspective by employing the large USA and international literatures on assortative mating.
