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Fertility And Parental Labor Force Participation
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Book Synopsis Fertility and Parental Labor-Force Participation by : Iva Trako
Download or read book Fertility and Parental Labor-Force Participation written by Iva Trako and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of fertility on parental labor force participation in a developing country in the Balkans, with particular attention to the intervening role of childcare provided by grandparents in extended families. To address the potential endogeneity in the fertility decision, the analysis exploits the Albanian parental preference for having sons combined with the siblings' sex-composition instrument as an exogenous source of variation. Using a repeated cross-section of parents with at least two children, the analysis finds a positive and statistically significant effect of fertility on parental labor supply for parents who are more likely to be younger, less educated, or live in extended families. The IV estimates for mothers show that they increase labor supply, especially hours worked per week and the likelihood of working off-farm. Similarly, fathers' likelihood of working off-farm and having a second occupation increase as a consequence of further childbearing. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that this positive effect might be the result of two plausible mechanisms: childcare provided by non-parental adults in extended families and greater financial costs of maintaining more children.
Book Synopsis Education, Labor Force Participation and Changing Fertility Patterns by : Maria Stanfors
Download or read book Education, Labor Force Participation and Changing Fertility Patterns written by Maria Stanfors and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with women and socioeconomic change in twentieth century Sweden. The main focus is on how women's education and labor force participation have affected fertility over time. Although many perceive Sweden as a country where men and women hav
Book Synopsis Women's Labor Market Participation and Fertility. How Family Policies Can Affect the Birth Rate by :
Download or read book Women's Labor Market Participation and Fertility. How Family Policies Can Affect the Birth Rate written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Sociology - Relationships and Family, grade: 1,3, University of Tubingen, language: English, abstract: In order to discuss the effects of family policy measures on fertility development in more detail, the first part of this paper provides an overview of the female employment rate development in Germany, along with the development of fertility in Germany compared to other countries such as Norway and Sweden, to illustrate country-specific progress, followed by a description of the relationship between education backgrounds and fertility. The last chapters show which gender inequalities still prevail and what influence family policy measures, particularly money and time-related measures such as parental allowance and the laying claims to take parental leave by fathers had on birth development.
Book Synopsis Working Mothers by : Cathryn Marie Coons
Download or read book Working Mothers written by Cathryn Marie Coons and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Demographic Dividend by : David Bloom
Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
Book Synopsis Fertility and Labor Force Participation as Reciprocal Indicators by : Thomas R. Panko
Download or read book Fertility and Labor Force Participation as Reciprocal Indicators written by Thomas R. Panko and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Demographic Dividend by : David Elliot Bloom
Download or read book Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Demographic Dividend written by David Elliot Bloom and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the effect of fertility on female labor force participation in a cross-country panel data set using abortion legislation as an instrument for fertility. We find a large negative effect of the fertility rate on female labor force participation. The direct effect is concentrated among those aged 20-39, but we find that cohort participation is persistent over time giving an effect among older women. We present a simulation model of the effect of fertility reduction on income per capita, taking into account these changes in female labor force participation as well as population numbers and age structure.
Book Synopsis The Reciprocal Effects of Female Labour Force Participation and Fertility by : Jean Yeung Wei-Jun
Download or read book The Reciprocal Effects of Female Labour Force Participation and Fertility written by Jean Yeung Wei-Jun and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interdependencies Between Fertility and Women's Labour Supply by : Anna Matysiak
Download or read book Interdependencies Between Fertility and Women's Labour Supply written by Anna Matysiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explores interlinkages between women’s employment and fertility at both a macro- and a micro-level in EU member states, Norway and Switzerland. Similarly as many other studies on the topic, it refers to the cross-country variation in the macro-context for explaining cross-country differences in women’s labour supply and fertility levels. However, in contrast to other studies, which mainly focus on Western Europe, it extends the discussion to Central and Eastern European countries. Furthermore, it looks at the macro-context from a multi-dimensional perspective, indicating its four dimensions as relevant for fertility and women’s employment choices: economic (living standards), institutional (family policies), structural (labour market structures), and cultural (social norms). A unique feature of the study is the development of indices that measure the intensity of institutional, structural, and cultural incompatibilities between women’s employment and fertility. These indices are used for ranking European countries from the perspective of the country-specific conditions for work and family reconciliation. A country where these conditions are the worst, but where women are additionally perceived as important income providers, is picked up for an in-depth empirical study of the interrelationship between fertility and women’s employment choices. Finally, against the review of theoretical concepts predominantly used for studying interdependencies between fertility and women’s labour supply the book assesses the micro-level empirical studies available on the topic and proposes an analytical approach for modelling the two variables. Thereby, it also contributes to methodological developments in the field.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Fertility on Female Labor Supply by :
Download or read book The Effects of Fertility on Female Labor Supply written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the effects of fertility on female labor supply, primarily female labor force participation and work hours. Although estimates of the causal relationship between fertility and female labor supply are mixed, this report tries to review why and by how much an additional child in a family affects work decisions and work hours of mothers on average. Statistical analysis shows a decreasing trend in fertility and an increasing trend in female labor force participation throughout the world over the last four decades. Using different specifications and estimation techniques, empirical studies suggest that fertility has negative effects on maternal labor supply because childbearing falls on women and women have lower wage rates than men on average. The negative relationship between fertility and female labor supply is explained by social, economic, and technical forces that affect fertility and female labor supply, including an increase in the value of women's time due to an increase in education levels of women, expensive childcare, and substitutes for children; emphasis on quality instead of quantity of children; an increase in employment opportunities for women; changes in social norms towards supporting women working outside their home; and technical progress in birth control.
Book Synopsis Interrelations of Fertility and Womens Labor Force Participation, with Particular Emphasis on the Effects of Education by : Barbara L. Wolfe
Download or read book Interrelations of Fertility and Womens Labor Force Participation, with Particular Emphasis on the Effects of Education written by Barbara L. Wolfe and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fertility, Child Schooling and Mothers' Labor Market Participation in Chile and the Determinants of Mothers' Labor Force Participation in Colombia by : World Bank. Education and Training Department
Download or read book Fertility, Child Schooling and Mothers' Labor Market Participation in Chile and the Determinants of Mothers' Labor Force Participation in Colombia written by World Bank. Education and Training Department and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interrelations of Fertility and Women's Labor Force Participation, with Particular Emphasis on the Effects of Education by : Barbara L. Wolfe
Download or read book Interrelations of Fertility and Women's Labor Force Participation, with Particular Emphasis on the Effects of Education written by Barbara L. Wolfe and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interrelations of Fertility and Women's Labor Force Participation, with Particular Emphasis on the Effects of Education by : Barbara Schull Wolfe
Download or read book Interrelations of Fertility and Women's Labor Force Participation, with Particular Emphasis on the Effects of Education written by Barbara Schull Wolfe and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Institutional Environment and the Economics of Female Labor Force Participation and Fertility by : Siv Gustafsson
Download or read book Institutional Environment and the Economics of Female Labor Force Participation and Fertility written by Siv Gustafsson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Confirms the hypothesis that high female labour force participation is associated with low fertility rates. Finds that smaller earning differentials between men and women, combined with separate taxation of spouses' income and a highly progressive income taxation make paid employment more attractive for women in Sweden.
Book Synopsis Labor Force Participation and Fertility by : Mary Jo Bane
Download or read book Labor Force Participation and Fertility written by Mary Jo Bane and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mother's Schooling and Fertility Under Low Female Labor Force Participation by : Victor Lavy
Download or read book Mother's Schooling and Fertility Under Low Female Labor Force Participation written by Victor Lavy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the effect of mothers' education on fertility in a population with very low female labor force participation. The results we present are particularly relevant to many countries in the Muslim world where 70-80 percent of women are still out of the labor force. For identification we exploit the abrupt end of the military rule which greatly restricted the mobility of Arabs in Israel until the mid-1960's. This change improved access to schooling in communities that lacked schools and, as a consequence, significantly increased the education of affected cohorts, mainly of girls. The very large increase in schooling attainment triggered a sharp decline in completed fertility. We show that no other changes explain these findings and that the results are robust to checks against various threats to identification. We rule out convergence in fertility and schooling, changes in labor-force participation, age upon marriage, marriage and divorce rates, and spousal labor-force participation and earnings as mechanisms in this fertility decline. Spousal education increased however sharply through assortative matching and played a role in the fertility decline. We also show that the increase in mother's education was significantly and positively correlated with several potential mechanisms such as a reduction in the desired number of children, better knowledge and higher probability of using contraceptives, recognition that family size can compromise children quality, larger role for women in family decision making, less religiosity, and positive attitude towards modern health care and modernism in general.
