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Fate And Transport Of Nano Zero Valent Iron Nzvi In Subsurface Porous Media During Groundwater Remediation
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Book Synopsis Fate and Transport of Nano Zero-valent Iron (NZVI) in Subsurface Porous Media During Groundwater Remediation by : Haoran Dong
Download or read book Fate and Transport of Nano Zero-valent Iron (NZVI) in Subsurface Porous Media During Groundwater Remediation written by Haoran Dong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration by : Tanapon Phenrat
Download or read book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration written by Tanapon Phenrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.
Book Synopsis Transport, Reactivity and Fate of Polyelectrolyte Modified Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles Used for Groundwater Remediation in Heterogeneous Porous Media by : Hye-Jin Kim
Download or read book Transport, Reactivity and Fate of Polyelectrolyte Modified Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles Used for Groundwater Remediation in Heterogeneous Porous Media written by Hye-Jin Kim and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies by : Yong Sik Ok
Download or read book Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies written by Yong Sik Ok and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers various soil and water treatment technologies due to increasing global soil and water pollution. In many countries, the management of contaminated land has matured, and it is developing in many others. Topics covered include chemical and ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites; phytomanagement of contaminants; arsenic removal; selection and technology diffusion; technologies and socio-environmental management; post-remediation long-term management; soil and groundwater laws and regulations; and trace element regulation limits in soil. Future prospects of soil and groundwater remediation are critically discussed in this book. Hence, readers will learn to understand the future prospects of soil and groundwater contaminants and remediation measures. Key Features: Discusses conventional and novel aspects of soil and groundwater remediation technologies Includes new monitoring/sensing technologies for soil and groundwater pollution Features a case study of remediation of contaminated sites in the old, industrial, Ruhr area in Germany Highlights soil washing, soil flushing, and stabilization/solidification Presents information on emerging contaminants that exhibit new challenges This book is designed for undergraduate and graduate courses and can be used as a handbook for researchers, policy makers, and local governmental institutes. Soil and Groundwater Remediation Technologies: A Practical Guide is written by a team of leading global experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment by : Marta I. Litter
Download or read book Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment written by Marta I. Litter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has a great potential for providing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable solutions to face the increasing requirements on quality and quantity of fresh water for industrial, agricultural, or human use. Iron nanomaterials, either zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron oxides (nFeOx), present key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as contaminant removal agents for water and soil cleaning. The large surface area of these nanoparticles imparts high sorption capacity to them, along with the ability to be functionalized for the enhancement of their affinity and selectivity. However, one of the most important properties is the outstanding capacity to act as redox-active materials, transforming the pollutants to less noxious chemical species by either oxidation or reduction, such as reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenation of hydrocarbons. This book focuses on the methods of preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out contaminant removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology. While this is an easy-to-understand book for beginners, it provides the latest updates to experts of this field. It also opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers, scientists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Although there are a number of books published on the subject of nanomaterials, not too many of them are especially devoted to iron materials, which are rather of low cost, are nontoxic, and can be prepared easily and envisaged to be used in a large variety of applications. The literature has scarce reviews on preparation of iron nanoparticles from natural sources and lacks emphasis on the different processes, such as adsorption, redox pathways, and ionic exchange, taking place in the removal of different pollutants. Reports and mechanisms on soil treatment are not commonly found in the literature. This book opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers and scientists and also for undergraduate or postgraduate students.
Book Synopsis Multi-scale Investigations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose- Coated Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Particle Transport in Porous Media by : Jing Li
Download or read book Multi-scale Investigations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose- Coated Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Particle Transport in Porous Media written by Jing Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Subsurface injection of nano scale zero valent iron (NZVI) particles is an emerging technology for in situ remediation of the sites contaminated by toxic contaminants such as chlorinated organic dense non aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) and heavy metals. One of the key challenges in applying NZVI particles for remediation at the field scale is that NZVI particles are not readily transported in subsurface porous media. The overall objective of this research is to address this challenge by conducting a number of column experiments and 2-D pilot scale tank experiments as well as by exploring the deposition mechanics of metal nanoparticles theoretically. Although numerous studies have focused the stability and transport of polymer/polyelectrolyte coated NZVI particles, the comparison of the effect of the same type of polyelectrolyte stabilizer with different molecular weight on the stability and transport of the corresponding coated NZVI particles has not been systematically conducted to date. Varying molecular weights of homologous polyelectrolytes can cause changes in viscosity and rheology in free solution, and alter the extent of colloidal stability when coated on the nanoparticles. Furthermore, most of the studies on NZVI particle transport have been conducted in the vertically placed columns, which are not representative with the actual flow orientation in field, leading to a potential difference of transport performance of NZVI particles between the commonly used vertical flow orientation and the horizontal flow model. In addition, the scale-up effects (from laboratory-scale column to pilot-scale or field-scale demonstrations) on NZVI transport are reported. In this study, a thorough investigation on NZVI transport is conducted in a 2-D pilot-scale tank to shed some light on the transport performance of NZVI particles under conditions that are more close to actual circumstances. Finally, to calculate the deposition rate coefficient of metal nanoparticles during transport, a considerable number of studies on NZVI particles transport employed equations for predicting the single collector contact efficiency that are developed on the basis of the numerical calculations for common colloidal particles such as latex particles, which have smaller densities than those of metal particles. Taking the horizontal flow mode and the density effects for metal nanoparticles into consideration, a new methodology is developed in three dimensions (3-D) to more precisely predict the single collector efficiency of NZVI particles.In the first study, the influence of the molecular weight of the polyelectrolyte grafted on NZVI particle on its stability and transport was investigated. Three carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC) with different molecular weights (90,000 Da, 250,000 Da and 700,000 Da) were used to stabilize NZVI particles. The comparison of the results revealed that the stability and transport of NZVI particles were improved significantly by CMC with high molecular weight, due to its high viscosity property. In the second study, the effects of gravity on NZVI particle during its transport were extensively assessed in vertical and horizontal placed columns under different conditions (mean sand diameters and NZVI concentrations). The results indicated that the gravity forces significantly reduced NZVI particles transport in coarse sand and at high NZVI concentration in horizontally placed columns. To thoroughly study the impact of horizontal orientation flow on the transport of NZVI particles at a larger scale, a series of transport experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale 2-D tank. Furthermore, to address the challenges met in predicting the single collector efficiency in horizontal orientation flow mode, a methodology based on trajectory analysis of particles around a Happel sphere-in-cell model for porous media in 3-D was developed. " --
Book Synopsis Transport of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in Heterogeneous Soils by : Md. Abdullah Asad
Download or read book Transport of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron in Heterogeneous Soils written by Md. Abdullah Asad and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsurface remediation using nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) is a promising in-situ technology that can convert groundwater contaminants into non-toxic compounds. Despite its promising characteristics, field scale implementation of nZVI technology has faced major challenges due to poor subsurface mobility and limited longevity, all leading to smaller nZVI travel distance. How far nZVI travels in the subsurface is an important parameter as it influences the amount of contaminants that could be reached and thereby remediated. This thesis examined various factors (viscosity, groundwater velocity, injection flux, soil heterogeneity, lag period) on nZVI travel distance through a numerical model and by performing a statistical analysis which revealed that viscosity has a statistically significant impact on nZVI travel distance while the impact of groundwater velocity and injection flux are statistically insignificant. The model also revealed that soil heterogeneity plays an important factor and that longer nZVI injection periods are better for nZVI deployment in the field.
Book Synopsis Investigations on Mobility of Carbon Colloid Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Groundwater Remediation by :
Download or read book Investigations on Mobility of Carbon Colloid Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Groundwater Remediation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an innovative technology for in situ installation of a permeable reactive barrier in the subsurface. Zerovalent iron (ZVI) is highly reactive with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) and renders them into less harmful substances. Application of nZVI instead of granular ZVI can increase rates of dechlorination of CHCs by orders of magnitude, due to its higher surface area. This approach is still difficult to apply due to fast agglomeration and sedimentation of colloidal suspensions of nZVI, which leads to very short transport distances. To overcome this issue of limited mobility, polyanionic stabilisers are added to increase surface charge and stability of suspensions. In field experiments maximum transport distances of a few metres were achieved. A new approach, which is investigated in this thesis, is enhanced mobility of nZVI by a more mobile carrier colloid. The investigated composite material consists of activated carbon, which is loaded with nZVI. In this cumulative thesis, transport characteristics of carbon-colloid supported nZVI (c-nZVI) are investigated. Investigations started with column experiments in 40 cm columns filled with various porous media to investigate on physicochemical influences on transport characteristics. The experimental setup was enlarged to a transport experiment in a 1.2-m-sized two-dimensional aquifer tank experiment, which was filled with granular porous media. Further, a field experiment was performed in a natural aquifer system with a targeted transport distance of 5.3 m. Parallel to these investigations, alternative methods for transport observations were investigated by using noninvasive tomographic methods. Experiments using synchrotron radiation and magnetic resonance (MRI) were performed to investigate in situ transport characteristics in a non-destructive way. Results from column experiments show potentially high mobility under environmental relevant conditions. Addition of mono-and bivalent salts, e.g. more than 0.5 mM/L CaCl2, might decrease mobility. Changes in pH to values below 6 can inhibit mobility at all. Measurements of colloid size show changes in the mean particle size by a factor of ten. Measurements of zeta potential revealed an increase of -62 mV to -82 mV. Results from the 2D-aquifer test system suggest strong particle deposition in the first centimetres and only weak straining in the further travel path and no gravitational influence on particle transport. Straining at the beginning of the travel path in the porous medium was observed with tomographic investigations of transport. MRI experiments revealed similar results to the previous experiments, and observations using synchrotron radiation suggest straining of colloids at pore throats. The potential for high transport distances, which was suggested from laboratory experiments, was confirmed in the field experiment, where the transport distance of 5.3 m was reached by at least 10% of injected nZVI. Altogether, transport distances of the investigated carbon-colloid supported nZVI are higher than published results of traditional nZVI
Book Synopsis Nanoparticle Transport in Porous Medium and Nanosized Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Environmental Remediation by : Guiming Zhai
Download or read book Nanoparticle Transport in Porous Medium and Nanosized Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) for Environmental Remediation written by Guiming Zhai and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanoparticles and the Environment by : Jillian Fiona Banfield
Download or read book Nanoparticles and the Environment written by Jillian Fiona Banfield and published by ISSN. This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry (RiMG) volumes contain concise advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry.
Book Synopsis Transport of Surface-modified Iron Nanoparticles Through Model Subsurface Porous Media by : Trishikhi Raychoudhury
Download or read book Transport of Surface-modified Iron Nanoparticles Through Model Subsurface Porous Media written by Trishikhi Raychoudhury and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AbstractThe overall objective of this research is to evaluate significant mechanisms for deposition of surface-modified NZVI in granular subsurface media during transport. Although surface-modified NZVI have been shown to transport more easily than bare NZVI, there is a lack of knowledge of how different parameters such NZVI particle concentration, NZVI size, aqueous-phase flow velocity, and sand particle size influence nanoparticle transport. To investigate the effects of these parameters on transport, a number of laboratory experiments were conducted with NZVI synthesized from ferrous sulfate in the presence of polymers that were effective in colloidal stabilization of the particles. The bare and surface modified-NZVI was characterized for size and surface chemistry by a wide array of analytical instruments. The polymer-stabilized NZVI were employed in three different studies to identify parameters that influence deposition of NZVI in model, granular ...
Book Synopsis Environmental Application and Implication of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron by : Qiliang 'Luke' Wang
Download or read book Environmental Application and Implication of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron written by Qiliang 'Luke' Wang and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the environmental application and implication of nanoscale zerovlanet iron (NZVI) are studied. Reduction and removal of Bromate and TCE DNAPL using NZVI were evaluated for drinking water treatment and groundwater remediation. A visualization technique for TCE DNAPL removal using reactive NZVI and bimetallic nanoparticles was conducted using a glass micromodel with a view toward improved contaminant displacement. Inert/pseudo-inert gases, including argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, were utilized to stabilize synthesized NZVI after lyophilization to prevent self-ignition. In addition, the aging effect was investigated for these stabilized NZVI both in humid and dry conditions. A new and simple method was proposed for encapsulating NZVI using poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofibrous membranes by an electrospinning technology to maintain catalytic activity. At last, mobilization and deposition of NZVI in a porous medium were observed using a water-saturated glass micromodel; a high-resolution microscope was utilized to visualize the transport phenomena of microscopic aggregations of NZVI inside the micromodel.
Book Synopsis Fate, Transport, and Toxicity of Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) Used During Superfund Remediation by :
Download or read book Fate, Transport, and Toxicity of Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (nZVI) Used During Superfund Remediation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms by :
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation by : Robert L. Siegrist
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.
Book Synopsis In Situ Groundwater Remediation Treatments : Natural Denitrification Study and Nano Zero Valent Iron Production by : David Ribas Fargas
Download or read book In Situ Groundwater Remediation Treatments : Natural Denitrification Study and Nano Zero Valent Iron Production written by David Ribas Fargas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater is a scarce resource, threatened by an ongoing pollution, global climate change and industrialization. Among other freshwater sources, groundwater is by far the most important source of usable freshwater but due to the intrinsic nature of aquifers; low flow rates and a complex matrix compared to superficial waters, attempts to remove contaminants are more complex and slow. The aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge of two remediation technologies: first, nitrate and nitrite removal based on natural occurring bioremediation and second, the production, reactivity and agglomeration of nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) particles. Natural occurring denitrification is a promising and partially implemented remediation approach but concerns about its performance out of the lab are justified. The following studies were carried out: evaluation of denitrification potential of wetlands from two sites in Denmark, soil characteristics and composition impact on denitrification highlighting the role and vertical distribution of organic matter, assessment of the Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium (DNRA) importance as a denitrification competitor and effect of the seasonal variations. Regarding seasonal fluctuations, results showed that Heterotrophic Denitrification (HD) is an Arrhenius temperature dependant process. Although, observing that HD is a very resilient process, being dominant under all tested conditions, the importance of DNRA arose in dried and frozen soils, in addition a nitrite increase was observed. Concerning to organic matter studies, heterotrophic denitrification was only present in a very narrow superficial zone where Organic Matter (OM) was abundant. DOC and LOI could not express by themselves an absolute correlation with HD, however high amounts of DOC ensured enough quantity and quality of OM. DNRA was important only in the very superficial samples where an excessive content of OM could trigger it. On the other hand, nZVI is a very promising in situ new technology which can achieve the degradation of a broad range of contaminants, some being reluctant to previous remediation and bioremediation approaches. The purpose is to help to overcome some of the challenges that limit a widespread implementation of this technique, such as: the lack of a cost -effective- straightforward production method, uncertainness on the reactivity governing factors including the passivating oxide shell in commercial particles and the agglomeration driving factors. After replicating the previous milling methods in literature (where the iron ductility if using inert media was an insurmountable barrier to reach a nanoscale size), the need to break the iron flakes was stated. Several approaches were tested, finally the addition of micronized alumina produced nanoscale particles. Abrasion of the grinding media and breakage of flakes were the main mechanisms for the nZVI production. The physicochemical properties of the obtained particles were: a mean particle diameter of 0.16 μm (by SEM) and a specific surface area of 29.6 m2·g-1 and a reactivity toward Cr (VI), trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene higher than commercial nZVIs. In reference to the work performed assessing the effect of a passivation oxide layer on a commercial nZVI (NANOFER STAR, nanoIron s.r.o.) it was concluded that the oxide shield of surface-passivated nZVI particles significantly decreases the performance. A process to weaken the oxide shield was tested, it consisted in exposing the passivated nZVI to water for 36 hours at w iron / w water concentration of 0.2, just before the reaction with the pollutants. The results show that this activation process increases the effectiveness of the remediation and simplifies the overall handling of the nZVI.
