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Fair Treatment
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Book Synopsis Treatment Kind and Fair by : Perri Klass
Download or read book Treatment Kind and Fair written by Perri Klass and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of letters written from a doctor to her son, who is just beginning medical school, reveal the side of medicine not appearing on the job application, including compassion, empathy, and stress, and offer advice to all young doctors.
Book Synopsis Testing Treatments by : Imogen Evans
Download or read book Testing Treatments written by Imogen Evans and published by Pinter & Martin Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a thought-provoking account of how medical treatments can be tested with unbiased or 'fair' trials and explains how patients can work with doctors to achieve this vital goal. It spans the gamut of therapy from mastectomy to thalidomide and explores a vast range of case studies.
Book Synopsis Fair and Equitable Treatment and the Fabric of General Principles by : Fulvio Maria Palombino
Download or read book Fair and Equitable Treatment and the Fabric of General Principles written by Fulvio Maria Palombino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book moves from the circumstance whereby currently the obligation to provide fair and equitable treatment (FET) to foreign investments is included in the majority of international investment agreements and has proved to be the most invoked standard in investor-State arbitration. Hence, it is no overstatement to describe this standard as the basic norm of international investment law. Yet both its meaning and normative basis continue to be shrouded in ambiguity and, as a consequence, to inspire a considerable number of interpretations by legal writers. The book’s precise aim is to unravel such ambiguity, arguing from the idea that FET has become part of the fabric of general international law, but has done so by means of a source somewhat neglected in legal doctrine. This being the category of general principles peculiar to a certain field of international law, i.e. those principles having their own foundations in the international legal order itself, but which, through the mediation of the judge, end up being shaped according to the features typical of a specific normative field. The book, as well as having a solid theoretical backdrop as its basis, offers a careful and critical analysis of pertinent case law, and will prove useful to both scholars and practitioners. Fulvio Maria Palombino is Professor of International Law at the Law Department of the University of Naples Federico II and a member of the Executive Board of the European Society of International Law.
Book Synopsis Fair and Equitable Treatment by : Patrick Dumberry
Download or read book Fair and Equitable Treatment written by Patrick Dumberry and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interaction between the concept of the ‘minimum standard of treatment’ under custom and the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard found in the vast majority of BITs. It also analyses whether the FET standard should be considered as a rule of customary international law.
Book Synopsis The Economic Case for LGBT Equality by : M. V. Lee Badgett
Download or read book The Economic Case for LGBT Equality written by M. V. Lee Badgett and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An economist demonstrates how LGBT equality and inclusion within organizations increases their bottom line and allows for countries’ economies to flourish We know that homophobia harms LGBT individuals in many ways, but economist M. V. Lee Badgett argues that in addition to moral and human rights reasons for equality, we can now also make a financial argument. Finding that homophobia and transphobia cost 1% or more of a country’s GDP, Badgett expertly uses recent research and statistics to analyze how these hostile practices and environments affect both the US and global economies. LGBT equality remains a persistent and pertinent issue. The continued passing of discriminatory laws, people being fired from jobs for their sexual orientation and/or gender identity, harassment and bullying in school, violence and hate crimes on the streets, exclusion from intolerant families, and health effects of stigma all make it incredibly difficult to live a good life. Examining the consequences of anti-LGBT practices across multiple countries, including the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, India and the Philippines, Badgett reveals the expensive repercussions of hate and discrimination, and how our economy loses when we miss out on the full benefit of LGBT people’s potential contributions.
Book Synopsis The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in the International Law of Foreign Investment by : Ioana Tudor
Download or read book The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in the International Law of Foreign Investment written by Ioana Tudor and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2008 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text analyses the conventional and customary framework of the fair and equitable treatment clauses commonly found in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and charts how these clauses have become norms of customary international law.
Book Synopsis 'Fair and Equitable Treatment' in International Investment Law by : Roland Kläger
Download or read book 'Fair and Equitable Treatment' in International Investment Law written by Roland Kläger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-23 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at fair and equitable treatment as a key standard of international investment law.
Book Synopsis Your Rights in the Workplace by : Barbara Kate Repa
Download or read book Your Rights in the Workplace written by Barbara Kate Repa and published by Nolo. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employees: Learn your rights! Your Rights in the Workplace is an invaluable reference for every employee. Whether you have questions about your paycheck, discrimination, layoffs, or benefits, you’ll find answers here. Get the facts on: drug and other workplace testing sexual harassment wrongful termination wages and overtime sex, race, age, and disability discrimination family and medical leave on-the-job safety and health health insurance and retirement plans, and unemployment, disability, and workers’ compensation insurance. Your Rights in the Workplace also contains nearly 20 charts on state-specific employment laws, including those on equal pay, use of criminal records, paid sick leave, social media passwords, medical and recreational marijuana, and more.
Book Synopsis The Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) Standard in International Investment Arbitration by : Rumana Islam
Download or read book The Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) Standard in International Investment Arbitration written by Rumana Islam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents comprehensive information on a range of issues in connection with the Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) standard, with a particular focus on arbitral awards against host developing countries, thereby contributing to the available literature in this area of international investment law. It examines in detail the interpretation of the FET standard of key arbitral awards affecting host developing countries, demonstrating the full range of interpretation approaches adopted by the current investment tribunals. At the same time, the book offers valuable practical guidance for counsels/scholars representing host developing countries in investment arbitration, where balancing the competing interests of the foreign investors and the host developing countries in investment disputes poses a complex challenge. The book puts forward the pressing need for a re-conceptualized interpretation of the FET standard in tune with the developmental issues and challenges faced by host developing countries, recognizing these countries’ particular perspectives as an important and relevant aspect of investment disputes (often ignored by the current investment tribunals), while continuing to ensure reasonable protections for foreign investors and therefore serving the needs of the system as whole. The findings presented here will greatly benefit host developing countries engaged in investment arbitration. In addition, the book offers an insightful guide for all researchers whose work involves investment law and investment arbitration issues.
Book Synopsis Inclusive Policing from the Inside Out by : Angela L. Workman-Stark
Download or read book Inclusive Policing from the Inside Out written by Angela L. Workman-Stark and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a roadmap for how police services can address incivility in the workplace and become more inclusive from the inside out. In the past few years policing has come under increased scrutiny due to a number of police-involved shootings and in-custody deaths, where systemic racism, the inability to effectively confront persons suffering from mental illness, and excessive use of force have been perceived by civil rights groups to play a significant factor. These deaths and the subsequent public outcry have led to various constituents questioning the legitimacy of the police. The book incorporates real stories of police officers and case studies of select police organizations. A look inside a number of these departments has identified an equal concern for incivility within the workplace in the form of gender and ethnic harassment and discrimination. The costs of workplace incivility can be significant as workplace victims are not only likely to decrease their work effort, quality of work, and their level of commitment to the organization, they are also likely to mistreat others in the workplace and to take their frustrations out on those they serve. While these costs have a significant impact for police organizations, incivility by police officers against members of the public can have a much greater impact in terms of eroding perceptions of police legitimacy. This book takes a unique approach in providing a model for police organizations to pursue in becoming more inclusive. To this end, this book will be very relevant for police practitioners, reform advisors, researchers, and graduate-level course in special topics.
Book Synopsis Rights to Fair Treatment by : Ian Bynoe
Download or read book Rights to Fair Treatment written by Ian Bynoe and published by Institute for Public Policy Research. This book was released on 1997 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard by : Patrick Dumberry
Download or read book The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard written by Patrick Dumberry and published by Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, several arbitral tribunals have rendered awards dealing with claims of breach of Article 1105. Some of these awards have been very controversial and have had a tremendous impact on the development of the concept of fair and equitable treatment (FET) and the evolution of international investment law. Yet, in spite of the fundamental importance of these awards, no comprehensive study had been undertaken to determine the meaning and the content of the FET standard under NAFTA Article 1105. This bookand’s systematic analysis of the provision and its case law fills this analytical gap. Because Article 1105 is in many ways different from typical FET clauses contained within most investment treaties, the author examines the particular parameters under which it must be interpreted. He also analyzes how these specific features have influenced NAFTA tribunalsand’ interpretation of the provision, and how their assessments differ from awards rendered by other tribunals outside NAFTA. Among the issues treated in the course of the analysis are the following: the origin, development, nature and content of the concept of the and‘minimum standard of treatmentand’ and its interaction with the FET standard; the specific parameters under which Article 1105 must be interpreted, including contextual elements such as subsequent agreement and practice between the NAFTA Parties on matters of interpretation; the context in which the Free Trade Commission issued its Note of Interpretation in 2001 and how NAFTA tribunals have applied it; whether or not the concepts of legitimate expectations, transparency, arbitrary conduct, discriminatory conduct, good faith, denial of justice, and due process have been considered by NAFTA tribunals as specific elements of protection to be accorded to investors under Article 1105; the many facets of these elements and the threshold of severity that NAFTA tribunals have required for finding a breach of Article 1105; the interaction between Article 1105 and other NAFTA provisions on national treatment, Most-Favored-Nation treatment, and expropriation; and how NAFTA tribunals have assessed damages for breach of Article 1105. This comprehensive guide to NAFTA case law on Article 1105 is an important contribution to the on-going controversial debate about the scope and content of the FET standard under international law. It will be of great interest to counsel for investors and States as well as to arbitrators, academics and anyone interested in investor-State arbitration.
Download or read book Fair and Equitable Treatment written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, there have been significant changes to the Federal workforce (FW) and the broader labor market from which it draws -- the civilian labor force. As articulated in the merit system principles, the Fed. Gov¿t. is committed to the goals of a representative FW and to Fed. agencies which manage their employees fairly and develop and deploy their talents effectively. Therefore, it is important to assess the government¿s progress towards achieving the stated ideals. This report examines changes in the composition of the FW and Fed. employee perceptions of their treatment in the workplace. The report summarizes results over time from surveys of Fed. employees, as well as trends gleaned from FW data. Charts and tables.
Book Synopsis Fair Division and Collective Welfare by : Herve Moulin
Download or read book Fair Division and Collective Welfare written by Herve Moulin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of fair division is as old as civil society itself. Aristotle's "equal treatment of equals" was the first step toward a formal definition of distributive fairness. The concept of collective welfare, more than two centuries old, is a pillar of modern economic analysis. Reflecting fifty years of research, this book examines the contribution of modern microeconomic thinking to distributive justice. Taking the modern axiomatic approach, it compares normative arguments of distributive justice and their relation to efficiency and collective welfare. The book begins with the epistemological status of the axiomatic approach and the four classic principles of distributive justice: compensation, reward, exogenous rights, and fitness. It then presents the simple ideas of equal gains, equal losses, and proportional gains and losses. The book discusses three cardinal interpretations of collective welfare: Bentham's "utilitarian" proposal to maximize the sum of individual utilities, the Nash product, and the egalitarian leximin ordering. It also discusses the two main ordinal definitions of collective welfare: the majority relation and the Borda scoring method. The Shapley value is the single most important contribution of game theory to distributive justice. A formula to divide jointly produced costs or benefits fairly, it is especially useful when the pattern of externalities renders useless the simple ideas of equality and proportionality. The book ends with two versatile methods for dividing commodities efficiently and fairly when only ordinal preferences matter: competitive equilibrium with equal incomes and egalitarian equivalence. The book contains a wealth of empirical examples and exercises.
Book Synopsis The International Minimum Standard and Fair and Equitable Treatment by : Martins Paparinskis
Download or read book The International Minimum Standard and Fair and Equitable Treatment written by Martins Paparinskis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment protection treaties generally include, in one form or another, the obligation to treat investments fairly and equitably. This book examines the relationship between this obligation and the minimum standard that can be found in customary international law, tracing the history of both concepts, their differences and similarities.
Book Synopsis The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in the International Law of Foreign Investment by : Ioana Tudor
Download or read book The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in the International Law of Foreign Investment written by Ioana Tudor and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-03-13 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment of foreign investors and of their investments on the territory of a host State is often subject to a bilateral investment treaty (BIT) signed by the national State of the investors and the host State. These BITs usually contain a clause in which the two States offer fair and equitable treatment (FET) to the foreign investors on their territory. Moreover, this clause has become a norm of customary law, implying that investors may rely on it even outside the context of the BIT. Foreign investors whose rights under this clause have not been respected may bring the State in front of an international tribunal. This book analyses not only the conventional and customary framework se the FET clause but also its scope and all its applications in the existing case law. This book tackles the standard of fair and equitable treatment by applying four conceptual frames: the legal basis of FET, its nature as a standard, its content and finally the implications of its breach. The first two chapters explore the two classical sources of international law as possible sources for FET. The main sources of FET lie in a rich conventional framework, mainly bilateral and regional. Yet the high number of BITs does not appear to offer a uniform model of FET clauses, quite the opposite; the book offers a classification of the FET clauses found in more than 400 BITs. Having concluded that the conventional framework is essential to FET, the book turns to the examination of the possible customary character of FET and argues that the view equating FET with the International Minimum Standard is erroneous and it limits the scope of FET. Alternatively, it suggests that the FET standard is an independent standard of customary nature. Then the book looks at the nature of FET, that of being a standard and retains three direct consequences for its meaning: its flexibility, the absence of a fixed content and its evolutionary character. With these three characteristics in mind, it proceeds to the third conceptual framework, the content of FET. Although no fixed content may be given to it, it identifies and develops each one of those situations in which the FET standard has already been applied. Finally, the last conceptual framework aims at discussing the final act of a FET claim, i.e. the amount of compensation awarded. It argues that FETis a standard which balances the interests and behaviours of both the States and the investors, at the stage of compensation.
Book Synopsis Fair and Equitable Treatment and the Rule of Law by : Velimir Živković
Download or read book Fair and Equitable Treatment and the Rule of Law written by Velimir Živković and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-07-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By comprehensively investigating the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard (FET), this discerning book presents how this standard in investment treaty disputes can be both legally justified and realistically beneficial. It reflects on how FET jurisprudence can be advantageous to both the rule of law and to the legitimacy of the international investment regime.
