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Exploring Factors That Influence The Choice To Retire From Driving In Older Adults
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Book Synopsis Exploring Factors that Influence the Choice to Retire from Driving in Older Adults by : Debra J. Jenkins
Download or read book Exploring Factors that Influence the Choice to Retire from Driving in Older Adults written by Debra J. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design, sample, and setting: The study used a convenience sample consisting of 151 community-dwelling adults age 60 and older.
Book Synopsis "It Seems Like it Should be So Simple" by : Jill M. Frost-Steward
Download or read book "It Seems Like it Should be So Simple" written by Jill M. Frost-Steward and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to health conditions, the average 70 year old will outlive the ability to drive by 6 years for men and 10 years for women (Foley et al., 2002). Driving loss has a significantly negative impact on the quality of life of an older adult. For this reason, some continue to drive despite concerns about safety. Midlife family members of older adults often feel social pressure to intervene in driving decision-making and social pressure to refrain from intervening. The goal of this study was to understand the experiences of midlife family members from the time that someone first noticed a concern with the older relative's driving until the time the older adult stopped driving. A qualitative, multiple embedded case study approach was used to gather information from two midlife family members from 7 families with an older driver who had recently retired from driving. The family processes that influenced communication about driving and choice of strategies for intervening were examined. Findings indicated that the midlife family members became aware of safety issues at different times. Awareness prompted conversations with other relatives, and the majority of family conversations about driving did not include the older adult. Many family members reported a respect for the autonomy of the older relative and a reluctance to initiate conversations without permission from the older adult to do so. Intervention strategies reported by participants included (1) wait and worry, (2) nudging, (3) attempted conversation, (4) ending requests for driving assistance, (5) requesting assistance from physicians, (6) requesting assistance from the DMV, (7) requesting assistance from law enforcement, and (8) accepting the inability to end an older adult's driving career. Participants reported many factors that both helped and hindered efforts to encourage driving retirement. Based on these findings, an Ecological Model of Later-Life Decision-Making was proposed. The model reflects that the participants' efforts to encourage driving retirement were not simply a matter of intra-family communication, but were influenced by processes occurring at multiple levels, both within and outside of the family. Processes occurring at multiple levels both helped and hindered family members' efforts to encourage driving retirement.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309671035 Total Pages :317 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Book Synopsis Community Mobility by : William Mann
Download or read book Community Mobility written by William Mann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affordable, easy-to-use, and flexible transportation options are vital to older adults' quality of life. Community Mobility: Driving and Transportation Alternatives for Older Persons provides physical and occupational therapists with recent research findings on older driver assessment, remediation/rehabilitation, and the use of alternatives to the car in the event that older adults need to “retire” from driving. This unique book addresses changes in driving patterns over time, the impact of climate conditions on driving, mental and physical health issues, self-regulation by drivers, and driver safety. Community Mobility addresses changes in driving patterns over time, the impact of climate conditions on driving, mental and physical health issues, self-regulation by drivers, and driver safety. This unique book also includes summaries of recent consensus conferences held in the United States and Canada to determine the best approaches to therapist services and counseling. Community Mobility examines: the effect of alternative forms of transportation on drivers in declining mental and physical health safety interventions the relationship between chronic illness and an elderly driver’s “home range” road conditions versus driving patterns factors that can act as predictors in mobility patterns self-regulation and adaptation strategies effective remediation techniques a comprehensive driving evaluation (CDE) and much more! Community Mobility is an essential resource for anyone working with elderly drivers who face the loss of independence and the decreased access to social activities, medical services, and other basic needs that accompany “retirement” from the driver’s seat.
Book Synopsis Model Development and Exploration Into the Driving Decisions of Older Adults by : Glenyth Elaine Caragata
Download or read book Model Development and Exploration Into the Driving Decisions of Older Adults written by Glenyth Elaine Caragata and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With advanced age, declines in physical and/or cognitive abilities make driving more difficult, and challenge the individual to make decisions about their driving. The main aim of this research was to explore how older adults make day-to-day decisions about driving, and how others' opinions influence them. This thesis addresses major gaps in the published literature on older driver decision processes, and how these processes differ across gender and habit strength for driving. An integrative mixed methods approach was used to study a convenience sample of 37 urban dwelling drivers, age 70 years and older. This exploratory research reveals that decisions about driving are dependent upon at least three main features: 1) interpretation of the driving environment; 2) types of information used and decision processes employed; and 3) influence other's opinions on driving decisions.Main findings are that older drivers evaluate their driving experience using three distinct components: 1) the driving environment; 2) people who drive; and 3) crashes. In the decision-making process, older drivers are characterized by their dynamic use of information wherein an item may be used to support the decision to drive some instances, but in other instances used in choices not to drive. Three categories of items are identified in a proposed Older Driver Decision Components Framework, and reflect this dynamic process: Motivators, Constraints/Motivators, and Context. Additionally, three groups of older drivers are identified based on their driving choices, and defined by characteristics such as gender, age, and habit for driving. Responses to comments about their driving also help define these groups. Results of the study provide a new direction for research on the older driver, and models are developed that may be used to form a basis for understanding older driver decision-making. Refinement of our knowledge about how elders assess their driving environment, and the subsequent choices they make, should be pursued to better understand how they adjust their transportation needs and desires to age-related changes. In turn, this knowledge may be used to design programs and policies to support the safe driving of our aging population.
Book Synopsis Aging America and Transportation by : Joseph F Coughlin, PhD
Download or read book Aging America and Transportation written by Joseph F Coughlin, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2012-01-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recommended."--CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries "Coughlin and DíAmbrosioís edited volume is a welcome contribution to highlighting this issue for gerontologists. The collection is an informative and useful reference for students, researchers, practitioners, planners, and policy analysts"--The Gerontologist This solution-focused volume fills a gap in the literature by addressing the key issues around mobility and transportation for the aging Baby Boomer generation--issues that will be significantly different than those of previous generations of older adults. This new generation, many of whom will continue to work past the traditional retirement age and expect to pursue an active lifestyle, may have to confront new transportation technology, the need to use public transportation, and ways to continue driving safely as their eyesight fades and reaction time slows down. This volume examines many of the issues faced by policymakers, transportation officials, vehicle manufacturers, health and human services professionals, and aging adults themselves as the largest generation prepares to enter late adulthood. The volume's editors are both at the MIT AgeLab, whose multi-disciplinary team designs, develops and deploys innovations to enhance quality of life for aging populations. Through the contributions of a diverse group of theorists and practitioners, including recommendations from the National Older Driver Safety Advisory Council, a collaboration between AARP's Driver Safety Program and the MIT AgeLab, the book discusses several key topics pertinent to Aging America and transportation. Among them are the changing demographics of the population, how this generation's lifestyle choices affect mobility, technology trends in private vehicles, changes in the infrastructure and transportation system, the "new" older driver, and issues of safety and education among older drivers. This book also explores practical solutions and strategies, such as new transportation options and innovations that will significantly impact the future of mobility for older adults, for keeping these seniors active and mobile well into their later years. Key Features: Focuses on the unique mobility needs of the aging Baby Boomer generation Provides practical solutions and strategies for policy changes to enhance the mobility of older adults Examines issues faced by policymakers, transportation officials, vehicle manufacturers, health and human services professionals, and aging adults Discusses strategies for updating the infrastructure and transportation system, driving safety education for older drivers, and trends in private vehicle innovations
Book Synopsis Community Mobility by : William Mann
Download or read book Community Mobility written by William Mann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For older adults, having affordable, easy-to-use, and flexible transportation options is vital to their quality of life. Community Mobility provides physical and occupational therapists with recent research findings on older driver assessment, remediation/rehabilitation, and the use of alternatives to the car in the event that older adults need to "retire" from driving. This unique book addresses changes in driving patterns over time, the impact of climate conditions on driving, mental and physical health issues, self-regulation by drivers, and driver safety.
Download or read book The Older Driver in Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a study of older adults and their travel patterns in Oregon, a statewide mail survey and telephone interviews were conducted with older drivers and older adults who had voluntarily chosen to stop driving. The purpose of the study was to determine: (1) the factors that influence driving cessation; (2) the physical and emotional barriers that delay driving cessation; (3) what opportunities exist for alternative transportation after driving cessation; (4) whether drivers make relocation decisions on the basis of driving cessation; (5) the warning signs that make a driver stop driving; and (6) whether a crisis situation generally forces a driver to stop driving. Completed mail surveys included those from 342 respondents who were current drivers (184 urban and 141 rural, plus 17 who did not report whether they lived in an urban or rural area) and 158 respondents who had voluntarily ceased driving (110 urban and 37 rural, plus 11 who did not report their urban/rural status). Telephone interviews were completed with 33 urban drivers, 36 rural drivers, 25 urban ceasers, and 6 rural ceasers. Changes in driving patterns, occurred gradually and late, mostly for respondents in their late 70's or early 80's. Among the results of the study was the finding that those most likely to have chosen to stop driving were older, depressed females in poorer health who were living in senior housing, using alternative transportation when available, making fewer trips, and seeing fewer limitations associated with using alternative transportation. Relocation to improve access to transportation alternatives was not seen by most respondents as a viable option. Because this study was a cross-sectional, not longitudinal, analysis, it was not possible to determine causality (e.g., to know whether people became depressed as a result of ceasing to drive or being depressed led them to cease driving, or to know whether poor health was the result or cause of driving cessation). Additional research is needed to establish causality, ideally following groups of individuals in particular age cohorts over time, including individuals forced to stop driving through the Medically-At-Risk Program. Such research would enable better understanding of the factors affecting driving decisions and the effects of those decisions, and help to signal possible strategies to implement to encourage the use of alternative transportation.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Influence of Familiarity on Route Choice Among Older Drivers by : Rashmi Payyanadan
Download or read book Understanding the Influence of Familiarity on Route Choice Among Older Drivers written by Rashmi Payyanadan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of studies have established the role of familiarity as an important factor of driving for older drivers. Familiarity is known to govern route choice, and there is a need for familiarity to be included in choice models. But very limited work has been conducted in quantifying the degree to which familiarity influences route choice, under what conditions, and how robustly models can approximate familiarity. This dissertation attempts to answer the first 2 knowledge gaps in Chapter 3, where analyses conducted on the factors that influence route choice among older adults showed that a) familiar routes were preferred as they were perceived to be shorter, direct, and had minimal traffic; b) different factors of familiarity were involved in choosing a route; and c) familiarity was the most important factor in explaining route choice after baseline route choice behavior, accounting for 26 percent of the explained variance. Additionally, extensive literature review revealed that current models of route choice that included familiarity failed to capture the multi-criteria nature of familiarity. In Chapter 4, this dissertation attempts to develop an abstraction hierarchy framework for describing the multi-criteria nature of route familiarity, and establishing a mathematical framework that can be used to calculate a new measure of familiarity - estimated route familiarity. The final chapter discusses the applications of the estimated route familiarity measure and abstraction hierarchy framework for the personalization of driver support systems and vehicle algorithm design.
Book Synopsis Implementing Transportation Planning With Older Adults After Driving Cessation: Observing Community Mobility, Social Participation, and Quality of Life by : Kathryn Moore
Download or read book Implementing Transportation Planning With Older Adults After Driving Cessation: Observing Community Mobility, Social Participation, and Quality of Life written by Kathryn Moore and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: This study explored potential best practices in transportation planning and the influence of transportation planning on older adults who are facing driving retirement, specifically in supporting social participation and quality of life and the impact on community mobility. Design: A descriptive case series investigated methods for implementing transportation plans and identifying related barriers, along with facilitatory and inhibitory factors associated with community mobility for three older adults who received the recommendation to cease driving. Data was collected during transportation planning sessions and through pre and post assessments regarding social participation, quality of life, and community mobility. Methods: Participants engaged in three intervention sessions to create and implement an individualized transportation plan based on their habits, needs, and supports.Results: Overall, minimal change was noted on the pretest and posttest assessments measuring social participation, quality of life, and community mobility. The data does not demonstrate a consistent increase or decrease in any outcome measure. Strategies for implementing transportation planning include considering differences among participants and conducting sessions in person. Barriers to implementing transportation plans include negative attitudes and emotions, limited transportation alternatives, decreased insight to deficits, and distractions from the transportation planning process. Factors that facilitate community mobility were identified, including access to a large support network and receiving rides from friends and family. Inhibitory factors for community mobility include reluctance to ask others, living in rural areas, and impaired physical mobility.Conclusion: Meaningful trends and perspectives of older adults were identified as they transitioned to a stage in their life in which they are no longer driving. Influential factors on transportation planning observed in this case series appear to be highly individualized. Further research is indicated to more closely examine the relationship between transportation planning and social participation, quality of life, and community mobility.
Book Synopsis The Role of Transportation Support in the Driving Cessation Process Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults by : Moon J. Choi
Download or read book The Role of Transportation Support in the Driving Cessation Process Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults written by Moon J. Choi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research aims to examine the role of transportation support in the driving cessation process among community-dwelling older adults. Five different types of transportation supports were tested, and the driving cessation process was defined as consisting of driving avoidance and driving cessation. Role theory and the selection, optimization, and compensation model offered the basis for developing hypotheses about the dynamics between transportation support and the driving cessation process. Data were obtained from three waves of the Florida Disability Study (1990, 1991, and 1992). The study population consists of generally healthy and active community-dwelling old-old persons residing in Florida retirement communities. Logistic regression models were employed to cross-sectionally examine relationships between transportation support and driving avoidance. Discrete-time multivariate hazard models were used to longitudinally test the impact of transportation support on driving cessation. Sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions were controlled in these multivariate analyses. Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and T-tests were used to cross-sectionally examine the difference in receiving transportation support by driving status and gender. All the five types of transportation supports showed insignificant relationships with driving avoidance. Gender was the most influential factor for avoiding driving both at night and on highway. However, driving cessation was influenced by transportation support from hired assistants and friends/neighbors more than by sociodemographic and health factors. Older drivers with a higher number of transportation support was more likely to cease their driving. Regardless of driving status, older adults tended to receive informal transportation support more than formal one. These findings contribute to knowledge development about how alternative transportation influences older adults' driving cessation and how they meet their transportation needs after driving cessation. The results revealed that driving avoidance and cessation are distinct behaviors, which are influenced by different risk factors. Given the importance of transportation support for older drivers' decision making of driving cessation, gerontological social workers need to approach their clients' mobility limitations from the ecological perspective beyond focusing on individuals' physical impairments. To effectively provide transportation alternatives for older adults, policy makers need to consider accessibility and flexibility of public transportation besides its availability.
Book Synopsis Examination of Factors Related to Driving, Travel Patterns and Falls in Retirement Living Seniors by : Spencer Edward Gooderham
Download or read book Examination of Factors Related to Driving, Travel Patterns and Falls in Retirement Living Seniors written by Spencer Edward Gooderham and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: To date, there has been little research on driving or transportation use in retirement living seniors or the associations with quality of life, including staying active, socially engaged and connected with the outside community. This thesis is part of a larger project being conducted by a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo to examine these issues in collaboration with the Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, the Schlegel Villages and Luther Village on the Park. Purpose: The primary objectives of this thesis were to: 1) examine the actual driving practices and other modes of travel in relation to functional abilities and other characteristics; 2) examine associations between driving and other modes of travel with community engagement; 3) examine fall status and compare fallers and non-fallers; and 4) compare current drivers to a sample of former drivers with respect to falls, balance confidence, depression, activity levels in and out of Village (engagement) and travel patterns. Methods: A convenience sample of 55 drivers (mean age 81.9 ± 6.2, 49% male) from five retirement villages located in Southern Ontario were assessed between February and October, 2013. Participants completed questionnaires (background and driving history, activities inside and outside the village), scales (depression, well-being, self-reported driving restrictions, perceived driving abilities, balance and driving confidence) and assessments of cognition and executive function, lower body mobility and contrast sensitivity. In addition, participant vehicles were equipped with two electronic data logging devices (vehicle diagnostics and GPS) for two weeks, while they concurrently kept trip logs (for driving trips) and travel diaries (for non-driving trips). Falls were assessed through both self-report and incident reports from the villages. Similar data (from scales, questionnaires, travel diaries, falls) previously collected on a sample of 20 former drivers from these retirement villages was merged into the database to permit statistical comparisons between current and former drivers. Primary Results: Overall, the sample reported driving less after moving to the villages. Compared to prior studies with community seniors, older drivers living in the retirement villages had more restricted driving practices. Residents who were considering driving cessation were not only restricting their driving, but had diminished functional abilities, were more likely to fall, had worse balance and driving confidence, and were less engaged with the community. Compared to current drivers, former drivers were more likely to have fallen in the past year, had lower balance confidence, and were less active outside the village, although they were equally socially engaged. Level of independent living (townhomes versus apartments or suites, versus assisted living rooms) emerged as a significant predictor of community engagement. When level of independent living was controlled for, greater community engagement was associated with younger age, being able to walk 1/4 mile and better balance confidence scores. Driving status approached significance with higher community engagement scores associated with being a current (versus former) driver. Conclusions: The results indicate that although residents of retirement villages may not drive as much as community living seniors, continuing to drive enables them to stay more connected to the broader community. Although few had considered driving cessation prior to relocation, about half the sample were now considering this transition. Retirement living may make the transition to driving cessation easier, particularly for those who take advantage of village shuttle buses and retain the ability to walk to shops and services in the area. Alternate modes of transportation are critical as older adults retire from driving to ensure continued mobility and independence, as well as to maintain productive community and social engagement.
Download or read book Growing Older in America written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geographies of Ageing by : Amanda Davies
Download or read book Geographies of Ageing written by Amanda Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population ageing is projected to affect all countries across the world in coming decades. The current rate of population ageing is unprecedented in human history with population projections indicating that this will be an enduring trend. Moreover, population ageing is spatially pervasive, affecting every man, woman and child. This has considerable implications for policy responding to the economic, social and healthcare outcomes of population ageing. The potential economic implications have been likened to those of the 2008 global financial crisis. This book examines the patterns and causes of uneven population ageing. It identifies those countries and localities most likely to experience population ageing and the reasons for this. Attention is also given to the role that youth migration, labour force migration, retirement migration and ageing in place have in influencing the spatial concentrations of older people. The book brings together a range of diverse international case studies to illustrate the importance of understanding the causes of population ageing. Case studies include a review of ageing in Florida's (USA) labour force, an investigation into the housing arrangements for the elderly in Northern Ireland and an assessment of the environmental stewardship activities of Grey Nomads on Western Australia's remote north coast.
Book Synopsis Health and Safety Needs of Older Workers by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Health and Safety Needs of Older Workers written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mirroring a worldwide phenomenon in industrialized nations, the U.S. is experiencing a change in its demographic structure known as population aging. Concern about the aging population tends to focus on the adequacy of Medicare and Social Security, retirement of older Americans, and the need to identify policies, programs, and strategies that address the health and safety needs of older workers. Older workers differ from their younger counterparts in a variety of physical, psychological, and social factors. Evaluating the extent, causes, and effects of these factors and improving the research and data systems necessary to address the health and safety needs of older workers may significantly impact both their ability to remain in the workforce and their well being in retirement. Health and Safety Needs of Older Workers provides an image of what is currently known about the health and safety needs of older workers and the research needed to encourage social polices that guarantee older workers a meaningful share of the nation's work opportunities.
Book Synopsis Assessing Individual Differences in Driving Retirement by : Thomas M. Meuser
Download or read book Assessing Individual Differences in Driving Retirement written by Thomas M. Meuser and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of us take driving for granted. We learn this complex skill when young, and it can become almost automatic. Changes in health and function that often accompany advancing age affect driving more than you might realize at first thought. Vision loss is a major concern, but conditions like Alzheimer disease are especially worrisome for driving fitness. How can you drive effectively if you can't remember where you are going? Or even decide what lane to position yourself in? The enterprise of driving involves many stakeholders: state licensing officials, urban planners, transportation providers, police, health professionals, car manufacturers, car dealers, social workers, and the list goes on. You and I are stakeholders, too. We all want older adults to have access to vehicles for safe, personal transportation. Where older drivers are concerned, however, there are times when reduction or outright cessation of driving is the safest approach. Roughly 10% of older drivers may be "unsafe" to some degree due to health or functional compromise. Some benefit from additional training, as provided by the American Association for Retired Persons (see https://www.aarp.org/auto/driver-safety/), but others are too impaired to continue behind the wheel. My research focuses on both sides. This article tells the story of how my colleagues and I in St. Louis developed a questionnaire: (a) to raise awareness about mobility loss in aging and (b) to measure individual readiness for change in support of mobility planning. We followed a mixed-methods approach: talking to older adults in focus groups (qualitative) and testing out our impressions through formal questionnaires (quantitative).
Book Synopsis Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers by : American Medical Association
Download or read book Physician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers written by American Medical Association and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
