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Evolutionary Conservation Of Mechanisms Activating Transcription By Rna Polymerase Ii
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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Conservation of Mechanisms Activating Transcription by RNA Polymerase II. by : Danial Vincent Fitzpatrick
Download or read book Evolutionary Conservation of Mechanisms Activating Transcription by RNA Polymerase II. written by Danial Vincent Fitzpatrick and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fnctional Evolution of Promoter-proximal Pausing Factors in the Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription by : Gregory T. Booth
Download or read book Fnctional Evolution of Promoter-proximal Pausing Factors in the Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription written by Gregory T. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is now recognized as a ubiquitous mechanism for regulating gene expression in metazoans. By capturing engaged Pol II shortly after transcription initiation, genes are primed for activation of RNA synthesis, enabling cells to rapidly alter global transcription programs. However, despite conservation of many factors involved in establishing this regulatory platform, many eukaryotes do not control gene expression through this process. Here, the examination of the global transcriptional landscape in two distantly related yeast revealed unprecedented divergence in Pol II distributions across genes. Previously undescribed pause-like profiles were identified within promoter-proximal regions of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that are sensitive to loss of the conserved elongation factor, Spt4. Thus, fission yeast might employ a variant of the system of regulation found in higher eukaryotes In flies and mammals, Pol II arrested within the promoter proximal region of a gene can only be released through the activity of a positive-transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb), composed of kinase (Cdk9) and cyclin (CycT1/2) subunits. Investigating the functional impact of Cdk9 on transcription in fission yeast revealed that, unlike most metazoan systems, Pol II in S. pombe is capable of overcoming the early elongation barrier after kinase inhibition, although not without consequence. However, fission yeast lack the metazoan-specific negative elongation factor complex (NELF) involved in pausing, perhaps limiting their ability to control the release of Pol II through phosphorylation of the elongation complex. Ultimately, by depleting pausing factors from cell lines derived from Drosophila melanogaster, it was tested whether NELF is required for P-TEFb-regulated pause escape. While global transcription is largely unaffected by the loss of NELF, upon inhibition of Cdk9, a significant amount of Pol II is aberrantly released from the pause, suggesting reduced control of this regulation. These findings suggest that NELF may have evolutionarily refined an ancestral promoter-proximal architecture of the transcription elongation complex, giving rise to a novel mechanism for gene regulation.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Core Promoter Sequence-dependent RNA Polymerase II Transcription by : Muyu Xu
Download or read book Mechanisms of Core Promoter Sequence-dependent RNA Polymerase II Transcription written by Muyu Xu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-Range Control of Gene Expression by : Veronica van Heyningen
Download or read book Long-Range Control of Gene Expression written by Veronica van Heyningen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-Range Control of Gene Expression covers the current progress in understanding the mechanisms for genomic control of gene expression, which has grown considerably in the last few years as insight into genome organization and chromatin regulation has advanced. Discusses the evolution of cis-regulatory sequences in drosophila Includes information on genomic imprinting and imprinting defects in humans Includes a chapter on epigenetic gene regulation in cancer
Book Synopsis RNA Polymerase III Transcription by : Robert J. White
Download or read book RNA Polymerase III Transcription written by Robert J. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph reviews and summarizes the substantial body of work that has been published on the transcription by polymerase III over the past 5 years. Progress in this field has been very rapid since 1993, and this new edition incorporates all the recent developments and offers the reader a highly detailed analysis of the current state of research on this largest and most complex of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Book Synopsis CtBP Family Proteins by : G. Chinnadurai
Download or read book CtBP Family Proteins written by G. Chinnadurai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive monograph on the CtBP family proteins. These proteins are gaining wide scientific interest due to their critical roles in animal development and in oncogenesis. The CtBP family proteins are multifunctional. They predominantly function as transcriptional corepressors in the nucleus by recruiting various histone modifying enzymes such as histone deacetylases, histone methylases and a histone demethylase. They also perform several diverse cytosolic functions such as Golgi maintenance and in central nervous system synapses.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation by : Albert J. Courey
Download or read book Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation written by Albert J. Courey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Book Synopsis Genomic Control Process by : Isabelle S. Peter
Download or read book Genomic Control Process written by Isabelle S. Peter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic Control Process explores the biological phenomena around genomic regulatory systems that control and shape animal development processes, and which determine the nature of evolutionary processes that affect body plan. Unifying and simplifying the descriptions of development and evolution by focusing on the causality in these processes, it provides a comprehensive method of considering genomic control across diverse biological processes. This book is essential for graduate researchers in genomics, systems biology and molecular biology seeking to understand deep biological processes which regulate the structure of animals during development. Covers a vast area of current biological research to produce a genome oriented regulatory bioscience of animal life Places gene regulation, embryonic and postembryonic development, and evolution of the body plan in a unified conceptual framework Provides the conceptual keys to interpret a broad developmental and evolutionary landscape with precise experimental illustrations drawn from contemporary literature Includes a range of material, from developmental phenomenology to quantitative and logic models, from phylogenetics to the molecular biology of gene regulation, from animal models of all kinds to evidence of every relevant type Demonstrates the causal power of system-level understanding of genomic control process Conceptually organizes a constellation of complex and diverse biological phenomena Investigates fundamental developmental control system logic in diverse circumstances and expresses these in conceptual models Explores mechanistic evolutionary processes, illuminating the evolutionary consequences of developmental control systems as they are encoded in the genome
Book Synopsis Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants by : Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Download or read book Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants written by Santosh Kumar Upadhyay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth of human population has increased the demand for improved yield and quality of crops and horticultural plants. However, plant productivity continues to be threatened by stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, UV radiations, bacterial and fungal pathogens, and insect pests. Long noncoding RNAs are associated with various developmental pathways, regulatory systems, abiotic and biotic stress responses and signaling, and can provide an alternative strategy for stress management in plants. Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants: Roles in development and stress provides the most recent advances in LncRNAs, including identification, characterization, and their potential applications and uses. Introductory chapters include the basic features and brief history of development of lncRNAs studies in plants. The book then provides the knowledge about the lncRNAs in various important agricultural and horticultural crops such as cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and fiber crop cotton, and their roles and applications in abiotic and biotic stress management. Includes the latest advances and research in long noncoding RNAs in plants Provides alternative strategies for abiotic and biotic stress management in horticultural plants and agricultural crops Focuses on the application and uses of long noncoding RNAs
Book Synopsis Biology for AP ® Courses by : Julianne Zedalis
Download or read book Biology for AP ® Courses written by Julianne Zedalis and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 1923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes by : Michael F. Carey
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes written by Michael F. Carey and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the genome era, the analysis of gene expression has become a critical requirement in many laboratories. But there has been no comprehensive source of strategic, conceptual, and technical information to guide this often complex task. Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes answers that need. Written by two experienced investigators, Michael Carey and Stephen Smale at the UCLA School of Medicine, and based in part on the Gene Expression course taught at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, this book directly addresses all the concerns of a laboratory studying the regulation of a newly isolated gene and the biochemistry of a new transcription factor. This important and unique book is essential reading for anyone pursuing the analysis of gene expression in model systems or disease states.
Book Synopsis Protein Conformational Dynamics by : Ke-li Han
Download or read book Protein Conformational Dynamics written by Ke-li Han and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses how biological molecules exert their function and regulate biological processes, with a clear focus on how conformational dynamics of proteins are critical in this respect. In the last decade, the advancements in computational biology, nuclear magnetic resonance including paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, and fluorescence-based ensemble/single-molecule techniques have shown that biological molecules (proteins, DNAs and RNAs) fluctuate under equilibrium conditions. The conformational and energetic spaces that these fluctuations explore likely contain active conformations that are critical for their function. More interestingly, these fluctuations can respond actively to external cues, which introduces layers of tight regulation on the biological processes that they dictate. A growing number of studies have suggested that conformational dynamics of proteins govern their role in regulating biological functions, examples of this regulation can be found in signal transduction, molecular recognition, apoptosis, protein / ion / other molecules translocation and gene expression. On the experimental side, the technical advances have offered deep insights into the conformational motions of a number of proteins. These studies greatly enrich our knowledge of the interplay between structure and function. On the theoretical side, novel approaches and detailed computational simulations have provided powerful tools in the study of enzyme catalysis, protein / drug design, protein / ion / other molecule translocation and protein folding/aggregation, to name but a few. This work contains detailed information, not only on the conformational motions of biological systems, but also on the potential governing forces of conformational dynamics (transient interactions, chemical and physical origins, thermodynamic properties). New developments in computational simulations will greatly enhance our understanding of how these molecules function in various biological events.
Book Synopsis The Regulatory Genome by : Eric H. Davidson
Download or read book The Regulatory Genome written by Eric H. Davidson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene regulatory networks are the most complex, extensive control systems found in nature. The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. The author, Eric Davidson, has been instrumental in elucidating this relationship. He is a world renowned scientist and a major contributor to the field of developmental biology. The Regulatory Genome beautifully explains the control of animal development in terms of structure/function relations of inherited regulatory DNA sequence, and the emergent properties of the gene regulatory networks composed of these sequences. New insights into the mechanisms of body plan evolution are derived from considerations of the consequences of change in developmental gene regulatory networks. Examples of crucial evidence underscore each major concept. The clear writing style explains regulatory causality without requiring a sophisticated background in descriptive developmental biology. This unique text supersedes anything currently available in the market. The only book in the market that is solely devoted to the genomic regulatory code for animal development Written at a conceptual level, including many novel synthetic concepts that ultimately simplify understanding Presents a comprehensive treatment of molecular control elements that determine the function of genes Provides a comparative treatment of development, based on principles rather than description of developmental processes Considers the evolutionary processes in terms of the structural properties of gene regulatory networks Includes 42 full-color descriptive figures and diagrams
Book Synopsis Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non-coding Elements by : Lucy W. Barrett
Download or read book Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non-coding Elements written by Lucy W. Barrett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as “junk DNA”, it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This book discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.
Book Synopsis Eukaryotic Transcription Factors by : David S. Latchman
Download or read book Eukaryotic Transcription Factors written by David S. Latchman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003-11-21 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in two-colour throughout, the fourth edition of Eukaryotic Transcription Factors has been completely rewritten and restructured to take into account the tremendous advances in our understanding of transcription factors and the mechanisms by which they act. Considerable emphasis has been given to the interaction between transcription factors and chromatin structure. Also included is an entirely new section on the mediator complex and expansion of the space devoted to co-activators and co-repressors.This book is essential reading for all those who wish to understand the impact of molecular biology on medicine, whatever their speciality. Major families of eukaryotic transcription factors described Mechanisms of gene activation and repression analysed Structure-function relationships indicated Interaction between transcription factors and chromatin structure described Roles in inducible and cell type-specific gene expression Roles in development, differentiation and human diseases including cancer Methods of study in vitro and in vivo
Book Synopsis Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health by : Cai Huang
Download or read book Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health written by Cai Huang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 15 chapters on protein phosphorylation and human health written by expert scientists. Covers most important research hot points, such as Akt, AMPK and mTOR. Bridges the basic protein phosphorylation pathways with human health and diseases. Detailed and comprehensive text with excellent figure illustration.
