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Evaluating The Safety Effects Of Signal Improvements
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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Safety Effects of Signal Improvements by : Ashley L. Dowell
Download or read book Evaluating the Safety Effects of Signal Improvements written by Ashley L. Dowell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of high crash frequencies on roadways, transportation safety has become a high priority for the United States Department of Transportation and the Utah Department of Transportation. A large percentage of fatal and injury crashes on roadways occur at intersections and traffic signals have been implemented to reduce these severe crashes. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of the traffic signal improvements through the development of Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). Recent research has shown that traditional safety evaluation methods have been inadequate in developing CMFs. In recent years, Bayesian statistical methods have been utilized in traffic safety studies to more accurately analyze the effectiveness of safety improvements. The hierarchical Bayesian method is an advanced statistical technique that has the capability to account for the shortcomings of traditional methods and to more fully reflect the effectiveness of safety improvements.
Book Synopsis A Simulation-based Approach to Evaluate Safety Impacts of Increased Traffic Signal Density by : Kenneth P. Drummond
Download or read book A Simulation-based Approach to Evaluate Safety Impacts of Increased Traffic Signal Density written by Kenneth P. Drummond and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most controversial access management techniques practitioners face is also one of the most common: restricting signal density. Increased signal density can improve access for minor approaches to a corridor; however, it can also increase delays and rear-end crashes for vehicles on the mainline (major) approach. An ability to evaluate the impacts of increased signal spacing is thus critical for decision makers. Because crash data are not always easy to obtain, a logical question arises: Can simulation models be used to evaluate the safety impacts of increased traffic signal density? This report describes a method for using simulation models to evaluate the safety impacts of increased traffic signal density in suburban corridors. Using 10 years of data from two major arterials in Virginia, actual crash rates were compared with operational performance measures simulated by the Synchro/SimTraffic model. As expected, crash rates were positively correlated with stops per vehicle and delay per vehicle and negatively correlated with mainline speed. Three findings were significant. First, the correlation between crash rates and select mainline performance measures (delay, speed, and stops) was relatively strong despite the inherent variability in crash rates: R2, a measure of explained variance in crash rates, yielded values from 0.54 to 0.89. Second, three distinct regimes relate stops per vehicle to signal density: the installation of the first few signals causes a drastic increase in stops, the addition of the next set of signals causes a moderate increase in stops, and the addition of a third set of signals does not significantly affect the number of stops per vehicle. Third, multiple regime models also relate delay per vehicle to signal density. This study recommends two practical applications. To the extent these mainline performance measures correlate with crashes, simulation modeling may be used to estimate safety impacts of increased signals, which is appealing because simulation packages are becoming easier to apply. Further, three regime models can suggest when, in the timeline of corridor development, the addition of a traffic signal is likely to degrade corridor performance significantly versus when it will have little effect, thereby allowing decision makers to expend political capital when it is most beneficial (e.g., the occasions when there is significant degradation of corridor performance). Most important, the approach herein suggests a long-range corridor-planning tool for evaluating the impacts of different access densities.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections by : Raghavan Srinivasan
Download or read book Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections written by Raghavan Srinivasan and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 705: Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections explores crash modification factors (CMFs) for safety strategies at signalized intersections. CMFs are a tool for quickly estimating the impact of safety improvements.
Book Synopsis Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements by : David L. Harkey
Download or read book Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements written by David L. Harkey and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2008 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB¿s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 617: Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements explores the development of accident modification factors (AMFs) for traffic engineering and intelligent transportation system improvements. AMFs, also known as crash reduction factors, are designed to provide a simple and quick way of estimating the safety impacts of various types of engineering improvements, encompassing the areas of signing, alignment, channelization, and other traffic engineering solutions.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board Publisher :Transportation Research Board National Research ISBN 13 : Total Pages :84 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Methods for Evaluating Highway Improvements by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Methods for Evaluating Highway Improvements written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1988 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Countdown Signals by : Arpan A. Desai
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pedestrian Countdown Signals written by Arpan A. Desai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with evaluating the effectiveness of pedestrian countdown signals in improving the safety of the pedestrians at signalized intersections in urban areas. The research also focuses on scrutinizing the effects of implementation of this countermeasure on the nature of all types of vehicular crashes at the intersections. A simple 'before and after' study design and Empirical Bayes Method were used to evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian countdown signals installed recently at 109 signalized intersections in the city of Charlotte, NC. In all, more than 16,000 crashes reported at the selected study intersections were analyzed using both the above mentioned methods. The analytical results show that there has been a significant decrease in auto-pedestrian crashes "after" the installation of the countdown signals at these intersections. Moreover, a decrease in the number of all crashes was also observed at these study intersections. The percent of intersections with improvement (reduction in number of all crashes and by crash characteristics), in general, is greater than 50 percent while 33 percent of intersections have not seen any change in safety upon installation of pedestrian countdown signals. Also, improvements generally tend to be high at high crash intersections. Overall, it was found that the installation of pedestrian countdown signals have rather a positive influence in reducing auto-pedestrian as well as vehicular crashes and thereby improving the level of safety at the intersections.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Criteria for Safety Improvements on the Highways by : Roy Jorgensen and Associates
Download or read book Evaluation of Criteria for Safety Improvements on the Highways written by Roy Jorgensen and Associates and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Pedestrian Safety Improvements by : Ron Van Houten
Download or read book Evaluating Pedestrian Safety Improvements written by Ron Van Houten and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of new pedestrian countermeasure installations on pedestrian safety to assist in informing future pedestrian safety initiatives. In order to address these objectives, the WMU team conducted a literature review; evaluated existing safety improvements, including pedestrian hybrid beacons (PHB), rectangular rapid flashing beacons (RRFB), and in-street signs; examined the use of a Gateway configurations of the in-street signs; determined the efficacy of PHB and RRFB installations in conjunction with in-street signs; evaluated potential outreach and enforcement techniques; conducted on-street surveys; and performed a statistical analysis of pedestrian countermeasures at traffic signals. RRFBs and PHBs were evaluated at a number of Michigan locations, including roundabouts. The findings of these studies suggested that the RRFB and the PHB performed similarly at two-lane roundabout installations, although the PHB appeared to outperform the RRFB at three-lane roundabouts. Furthermore, the PHB and RRFB devices often produced lower motorist yielding levels in Michigan when compared to the results of the larger-scale FHWA studies discussed in the literature review. This result could be due to a lack of familiarity with these devices in Michigan, or driver and pedestrian lack of understanding of Michigan law. In-street signs also were evaluated at six locations as part of the study. The in-street signs yielded results similar to those reported in the research literature. The in-street signs then were further evaluated using a Gateway configuration on each two lane leg of four-lane divided roads, which included the use of one placed at each curb and one placed in the center of the roadway between travel lanes. The Gateway treatment produced yielding levels equal to or superior to the PHB and RRFB. Intercept surveys were conducted to determine motorist and pedestrian knowledge of the necessary actions for PHB, RRFB, and in-street sign. The results of the driver and pedestrian survey provided additional evidence that drivers and pedestrians do not fully comprehend how they should respond to the PHB and RRFB. A crash analysis was completed for countermeasures installed at signalized crossings. A statistical analysis of data from pedestrian countdown timers (PCT) in Detroit and Kalamazoo provided unequivocal evidence that the installation of the PCT had reduced crashes. The effect size in the Detroit sample was quite large; crash reductions also were observed in Kalamazoo, but the much smaller sample size reduced the level of confidence in the effect. However, when both sites were pooled, the effect was robust. The analysis of the effects of flashing yellow arrows treatment in Oakland County did not indicate any benefit to pedestrians.
Book Synopsis Toolbox to Assess Tradeoffs Between Safety, Operations, and Air Quality for Intersection and Access Management Strategies by :
Download or read book Toolbox to Assess Tradeoffs Between Safety, Operations, and Air Quality for Intersection and Access Management Strategies written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant transportation agency resources are allocated to meet maintenance, operations, safety, and air quality goals. Although there is a significant amount of overlap between these areas, decisions to meet agency goals in one area often do not consider goals in the others and, as a result, miss opportunities to leverage funds and make better informed decisions overall. There are a number of areas of overlap between capital improvements designed to improve operations, maintenance, safety, and air quality goals that provide a rich opportunity to leverage funds and use resources more cost-effectively while meeting agency goals in two or more of the areas. The objective of this research is to develop analytical tools that can efficiently evaluate common capital projects used to meet agency goals in one area (operations, safety, air quality, and maintenance) but that also have a significant impact on the others.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1636 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1983 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations
Download or read book Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1983 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of Safety Improvements at Coordinated Signals by : Wei Li
Download or read book Methods of Safety Improvements at Coordinated Signals written by Wei Li and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research, the safety impact of arterial signal coordination is investigated. Based on the findings, procedures are proposed to incorporate safety considerations into signal coordination design. In addition, a software tool is developed to facilitate the use of the research findings. Signal coordination has been extensively employed as a tool to optimize an arterial system's mobility performance, commonly measured by the total number of vehicle stops and the time of delays. Although vehicle crashes at signalized intersections have long been recognized as a major safety threat, studies to date have been limited locally to non-coordinated signals or the noncoordinated features of signal timings. Disaggregate statistical models are developed to identify the influential crash likelihood factors of rear-end and right-angle crashes, the two most frequent types of intersection crashes. To capture the severity factors, the outcomes are further classified into property-damage-only (PDO) and injury-fatal (IF) crashes. The crash likelihoods for each 15-minute interval are used as the response variables of the models. For each 15-minute interval, predictive variables are collected or derived from available data, including the volume, signal timings, and traffic patterns. A traffic pattern characterization is designed to represent each 15-minute interval's arrival pattern. The key findings are as follows: First, signal coordination significantly affects crash likelihood. Certain traffic arrival patterns are associated with significantly lower crash likelihoods. Second, the dilemma zone contributes in a limited way to the crash likelihoods. Third, adjusted volumes, based on the presented models, were found to be better predictors of crash likelihoods, which indicates that only a portion of all vehicles are highly susceptible to crashes. Fourth, shorter distances from upstream intersection and shorter cycle lengths are associated with lower risk levels of crashes.
Book Synopsis Clinical pharmacist service promotes the improvement of medical quality by : Hao Li
Download or read book Clinical pharmacist service promotes the improvement of medical quality written by Hao Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-02 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Cost-effectiveness Approach for the Evaluation of Highway Safety Improvements in the State of Indiana by : Taro Kaji
Download or read book A Cost-effectiveness Approach for the Evaluation of Highway Safety Improvements in the State of Indiana written by Taro Kaji and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Statistical Methods for Evaluating Safety in Medical Product Development by : A. Lawrence Gould
Download or read book Statistical Methods for Evaluating Safety in Medical Product Development written by A. Lawrence Gould and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives professionals in clinical research valuable information on the challenging issues of the design, execution, and management of clinical trials, and how to resolve these issues effectively. It also provides understanding and practical guidance on the application of contemporary statistical methods to contemporary issues in safety evaluation during medical product development. Each chapter provides sufficient detail to the reader to undertake the design and analysis of experiments at various stages of product development, including comprehensive references to the relevant literature. Provides a guide to statistical methods and application in medical product development Assists readers in undertaking design and analysis of experiments at various stages of product development Features case studies throughout the book, as well as, SAS and R code
Book Synopsis Safety Performance Analysis of TSMO by : R. J. Porter
Download or read book Safety Performance Analysis of TSMO written by R. J. Porter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation, 2009 by :
Download or read book Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation, 2009 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "These 13 papers are concerned with safety data, analysis and evaluation. Specific topics discussed include the following: calibration of the Highway Safety Manual's accident prediction model for a secondary road network; speed and safety; accident modification functions; elementary units of exposure; identifying crash hot spots; safety of lane and shoulder width combinations on rural roads; effects of pavement marking retroreflectivity on traffic crash frequency; road data aggregation and sectioning for crash analysis; safety evaluation of curve delineation improvements; microsimulation to study a traffic signal incident reduction function; comparison of simulated freeway safety performance with observed crashes; traffic operation measures in the safety analysis of signalized intersections; and different parameterizations of the varying dispersion parameter as a function of segment length."--Pub. desc
