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Download or read book Evaluating the Potential for Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulosic Waste Via Routine Bioaugmentation and Alkaline Pretreatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nayan Kumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119827507
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Renewable Energy Technologies written by Nayan Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES With the goal of accelerating the growth of green energy utilization for the sustainability of life on earth, this volume, written and edited by a global team of experts, goes into the practical applications that can be utilized across multiple disciplines and industries, for both the engineer and the student. Green energy resources are gaining more attention in academia and industry as one of the preferred choices for sustainable energy conversion. Due to the energy demand, environmental impacts, economic needs, and social issues, green energy resources are being researched, developed, and funded more than ever before. Researchers are facing numerous challenges, but there are new opportunities waiting for green energy resource utilization within the context of environmental and economic sustainability. Efficient energy conversion from solar, wind, biomass, fuel cells, and others are paramount to this overall mission and the success of these efforts. Written and edited by a global team of experts, this groundbreaking new volume from Scrivener Publishing presents recent advances in the study of green energy across a variety of fields and sources. Various applications of green energy resources, modeling and performance analysis, and grid integration aspects of green energy resources are considered. Not only laying out the concepts in an easy-to-understand way, but this team offers the engineer, scientist, student, or other professional practical solutions to everyday problems in their daily applications. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in these areas, this is a must-have for any library.
Author : Luis Isidoro Romero García
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036511423
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste written by Luis Isidoro Romero García and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
Author : Rania Mona Alqaralleh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494861899
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (618 download)
Download or read book Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste written by Rania Mona Alqaralleh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shanfei Fu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889719375
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Biological Strategies to Enhance the Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Fundamentals and Process Development written by Shanfei Fu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eva-Maria Ekstrand
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176850633
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic digestion in the kraft pulp and paper industry written by Eva-Maria Ekstrand and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pulp and paper industry is a large producer of wastewater and sludge, putting high pressure on waste treatment. In addition, more rigorous environmental legislation for pollution control and demands to increase the use of renewable energy have put further pressure on the pulp and paper industry’s waste treatment, where anaerobic digestion (AD) and the production of methane could pose a solution. Kraft pulping makes up 80% of the world production of virgin wood pulp, thus, the wastewaters from this sector represent a large unused potential for methane production. There are three main types of substrates available for AD at pulp and paper mills, the wastewaters, the primary sludge/fibre sludge, and the waste activated sludge. AD treatment of these streams has been associated with several challenges, such as the presence of inhibiting compounds or low degradability during AD. The aim of this thesis was to experimentally address these challenges and potentials, focusing on wastes from kraft mills. Methane potential batch tests showed that many wastewater streams still posed challenges to AD, but the alkaline elemental chlorine-free bleaching stream and the condensate effluents had good methane potentials. Further, the methane potential of kraft mill fibre sludge was high, and co-digestion of kraft mill fibre sludge and waste activated sludge was feasible in stirred tank reactors with sludge recirculation. By increasing the organic loading in a pilot-scale activated sludge facility and thereby lowering the sludge age, the degradability of the waste activated sludge was improved. The higher wastewater treatment capacity achieved by this method provides an opportunity for the mills to increase their pulp and paper production. Further, by dewatering the digestate after AD and returning the liquid to the activated sludge treatment, costs for nutrient supplementation can be reduced. In conclusion, the thesis shows that AD of wastes from the kraft pulp and paper industry was feasible and carried many benefits regarding the generation of methane as a renewable energy carrier, improved wastewater treatment and reduced costs. Different strategies on how AD may be implemented in the kraft pulp and paper industry were formulated and discussed. Produktionen av pappers- och massa genererar stora mängder avloppsvatten, vilket ställer höga krav på en effektiv vattenrening. Därtill har skärpta regler för utsläpp till vatten och luft tillsammans med en ökad efterfrågan på användning av förnyelsebar energi ytterligare ökat trycket på vattenreningen inom pappers-och massaindustrin, där anaerob nedbrytning med metanproduktion som följd skulle kunna utgöra en lösning. Produktionen av sulfatmassa (en kemiskt kokad pappersmassa) utgör 80% av den globala nyproduktionen av massa, vilket innebär att avloppsvatten från denna sektor representerar en stor outnyttjad potential för metanproduktion. Det finns huvudsakligen tre typer av substrat tillgängliga för rötning vid pappers- och massabruk, avloppsvatten, primärslam/fiberslam, och aktivt slam/överskottsslam. Flera utmaningar är kopplade till anaerob nedbrytning av dess strömmar, såsom förekomst av inhiberande ämnen eller låg nedbrytbarhet. Målet med avhandlingen var att bemöta dessa utmaningar, med ett särskilt fokus på behandling av avloppsströmmar från sulfatbruk. Metanpotentialtester visade att många av avloppsvattnen fortfarande var svåra att behandla med anaerob nedbrytning, men att alkaliska blekeriströmmar och kondensatströmmar vid sulfatbruk visade lovande metanpotentialer. Massafiber från sulfatoch sulfitbruk uppvisade höga metanpotentialer, och en stabil kontinuerlig samrötning av fiberslam och aktivt slam från sulfatbruk uppnåddes vid hög organisk belastning och låg hydraulisk uppehållstid i omrörda tankreaktorer med slamåterföring. Resultaten visade vidare att den låga nedbrytbarheten hos aktivt slam kunde bemötas genom att sänka slamåldern i den luftade anläggningen, med högre metanpotential i slammet som följd. Via denna metodik erhålles en högre vattenreningskapacitet, vilket innebär att bruken kan öka sin produktion av papper och massa. Dessutom kan rötresten avvattnas och den kvarvarande vätskan återföras till den luftade anläggningen för att minska behovet av näringstillsatser. Sammanfattningsvis visar avhandlingen att anaerob nedbrytning av avloppsströmmar från sulfatbruk var fullt möjlig och innebar många fördelar, i form av metanproduktion, förbättrad kapacitet för vattenrening och reducerade kostnader jämfört med dagens teknik. Olika möjligheter för implementering av anaerob teknik vid sulfatbruk har också formulerats och diskuterats.
Author : Guangxue Wu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031693787
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion written by Guangxue Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marcell Nikolausz
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303650222X
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)
Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Author : Jagannadh Satyavolu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Pretreatment Methods to Improve Efficiency of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Streams from Grain Processing written by Jagannadh Satyavolu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, Anaerobic Digestion (AD) industry is booming and biogas, the most sustainable biofuel, produced via AD is in an exponential market growth curve. According to a November 2020 report from US Energy Information Administration (EIA), ,Äú25 large dairies and livestock operations in the United States produced a total of about 224 million kWh (or 0.2 billion kWh) of electricity from biogas,Äù. However, the growth of AD and the cost-effective use of the generated biogas are hindered by the inconsistencies (composition, suspended solids, flow rate, etc.) of the incoming waste stream and the associated biogas quality (due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas). A pretreatment step prior to an AD unit can promote consistency in the incoming stream, minimize the suspended solids; and thereby insures the efficiency of AD. In this study, we evaluated the method of pretreatment of waste streams from three grain processing industries, where 1) we adjusted the pH of a stream corresponding to its isoelectric point (zero zeta-potential), 2) removed solids (and their corresponding COD) that precipitated, and 3) produced a consistent composition stream to feed the AD process. For grain processing industry, the precipitated solids can be returned to their process ,Äì thus integrating the pretreatment with the rest of the process. The pH pre-treatment should not add any additional cost to the plant since the pH of the waste streams from grain processing plant needs to be raised per plant permits prior to disposal. Our lab and pilot AD studies showed a positive effect of such pretreatment on these waste streams in terms of increased biogas production (11,Äì60%) and COD removal (12,Äì60%), and in some instances reduction in H2S content in biogas (8%). This study clearly demonstrated that such a pretreatment method is economical and is effective to improve AD performance on waste waters from grain processing industries.
Author : Le Zhang
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323998151
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals written by Le Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Fermentation of Biowastes summarizes new advances in the development of various strategies for enhanced microbial fermentation for organic waste conversion to bioenergy/biochemicals, and for biodegradation of plastic waste. Sections cover principles of additive strategies, multi-stage bioreactors, microbial bioaugmentation strategies, genetically engineered microorganisms, co-digestion strategies, feedstock pre-treatment strategies, enzyme technologies, and hybrid technologies methods. In addition, the book reviews progress in the conversion of common wastes to bioenergy and biochemicals via enhanced anaerobic digestion, also summarizing the significant progress achieved on enhancing anaerobic digestion via additive strategy, multi-stage bioreactor strategy, microbial bioaugmentation strategy, genetic engineering approach, and much more. Includes enhancing strategies for microbial fermentation technologies for biowastes conversion to bioenergy and biochemicals Provides progress on bioenergy/resource recovery from common biowastes, including food waste, agricultural waste, manure, wastewater and algal residues Includes microbial biodegradation of plastic waste
Author : Dr Luxmy Begum P Eng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780993904509
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (45 download)
Download or read book Advanced Processes and Technologies for Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion written by Dr Luxmy Begum P Eng and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADVANCED PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION This book covers almost all the recent advancements in the industry starting from the emerging feed stocks to resource recovery of digestate; providing sufficient details on theories and practices, technologies and technology suppliers: - ADVANCEMENT IN FEED COMPOSITIONS: - Emerging feed stocks - Various co-digestion fed stocks and their characteristics - Feed stocks energy values, ways to evaluate feed stocks' biogas potential, etc. FEED PRE-TREATMENT CATEGORIES AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES: - Information on different feed pre-treatment technologies and commercial suppliers that sell them - Specific information on food waste and source separated organic waste pre-treatment with examples from existing plants and technology suppliers. ENHANCED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS CONSIDERATION, CONFIGURATION, AND TECHNOLOGY SELECTION: - Process considerations for optimal performance - Process selection and configurations for enhancing digestion such as feeding mode, reactor stages and configurations, enhancing solid loading and recirculation, different digester types and their performance requirements, etc. - Special focus on co-digestion process consideration, and its specific operating conditions and challenges. BIOGAS CLEANING, UPGRADING AND UTILIZATION: - Information on different biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies and suppliers - Different biogas utilization options and related benefits DIGESTATE TREATMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY: - Different digestate treatment and enhancement options like drying, dewatering, evaporation, pyrolysis, gasification, etc. and their related technologies - Emerging resource recovery options and end uses of digestate.
Author : Muhammad Usman Khan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (985 download)
Download or read book Pretreatment to Enhance the Anaerobic Digestion of Recalcitrant Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials written by Muhammad Usman Khan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy consumption using fossil fuels creates environmental pollution including greenhouse gasses promoting climate changes throughout the world. To levitate these problems, renewable energy sources have been promoted as an alternative. Lignocellulose is one of the most abundant and renewable biomass resources on the earth which makes it an ideal feedstock for production of biofuels particularly biogas. However, AD of the lignocellulosic materials is also limited due to the crystallinity of cellulose and embedded connections to lignin within the cellulose and hemicellulose polymer. The primary hypothesis of this study is to manipulate different types of pretreatments to decrease the recalcitrance, improve the hydrolysis and biogas production from lignocellulosic materials. Wet explosion Pretreatment, Alkaline thermal pretreatment, Mono and combined alkali pretreatment were tested for AD of lignocellulosic materials.The results revealed that increased severity of wet explosion pretreatment with base addition (2%) increased the biogas yield and lignin conversion (56%) during AD with demethoxylation up to 49%. The lignin samples having the highest NaOH concentration in addition to oxygen resulted in highest methane yield during anaerobic digestion.The alkaline thermal pretreatment was used for AD of residual manure fibers after AD. The results of study showed that degradation of manure fibers was improved ca. 43.6% as a result of alkaline thermal pretreatment with 3% w/w NaOH added. Methane yield improved by 143.5 and 180.2% under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. Compositional analysis of effluent after AD showed that 57.3% of cellulose, 70.1% of hemicellulose, 39.4% of acid soluble and 19.4% of acid insoluble lignin was converted to methane under thermophilic conditions while under mesophilic conditions, 50.8% of the cellulose, 59.5% of the hemicellulose, 39.9% of acid soluble and 21.7% of acid insoluble lignin was converted to methane. The lime (CaO), NaOH and CaO+NaOH pretreatment was tested for AD of digested manure fibers. The methane yield improved by 115.7, 127.1 and 148.7% by CaO, NaOH and NaOH + CaO pretreatment respectively. The VS degradation was found to be 40.6, 42.6 and 46.4% by CaO, NaOH and NaOH + CaO pretreatment respectively.
Author : Helen Treichel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030105164
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Improving Biogas Production written by Helen Treichel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the current limitations of biogas production and yield and new avenues to improving them. Biogas production and yield are among the most important renewable energy targets for our world. Pursuing an innovative and biotechnological approach, the book presents alternative sources for biogas production and explores a broad range of aspects, including: pre-treatment of substrates, accelerators (enzyme-mediated) and inhibitors involved in the process of obtaining biogas and its yield, design specifications for digesters/modified digesters, managing biogas plants, microbial risk and slurry management, energy balance and positive climatic impacts of the biogas production chain, and the impacts on Human, Animal and Environmental Health (“One Health” concept for the biogas chain).
Author : Rim Affes Salah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Study of Methods for the Improvement of the Anaerobic Digestion of Lipids and Long Chain Fatty Acids written by Rim Affes Salah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process that transforms diverse categories of biomass feedstock to renewable energy, in the form of methane, and contributes to resources conservation and greenhouse gases emission mitigation. Lipid-rich waste and wastewaters have a high energy potential, however efficient methane recovery with conventional anaerobic digestion technology is not easy to achieve because of a wide assortment of operational problems mainly related to the accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), products of lipids hydrolysis, in the system. The objective of the present dissertation is to test and to evaluate new methodologies and strategies to improve the anaerobic digestion of high-strength lipid waste. In a preliminary approach, the suitability and the attractiveness of high-strength lipid wastes and slaughterhouse wastes for biogas production was confirmed, suffice to control the applied organic load. The obtained results reinforced the existing knowledge describing the flotation and wash-out of substrate/biomass and the inhibition phenomena affecting the microbial population, as the main process drawbacks. The results of studies submitting anaerobic reactors to increasing concentrations of lipids/LCFA underlined the importance of the adsorption of LCFA onto the microbial cell membrane as limiting factor, guiding further research to found new technical approaches in order to control the biomass-LCFA adsorption dynamics. The use of inorganic adsorbents to capture LCFA prior to the anaerobic digestion process or the application of sequential low-energy ultrasonic pulses in order to control the adsorption-desorption kinetics were tested with interesting results. However, the effectiveness of these strategies was limited by the proportion of inorganic adsorbent/LCFA and the cumulative damaging effect of ultrasonic treatment over biomass, respectively. Further studies are thus required to optimize the efficiency and the applicability of these strategies. Efficient conversion of complex high-strength lipid waste to methane was proved to be possible in a novel reactor system configuration combining saponification pre-treatment and digested solids recirculation to the anaerobic digestion process, to increase solids retention time. A start-up step consisting on pulse-feeding cycles of the fatty waste prior to the semi-continuous process promoted an adapted microbial community for LCFA mineralization. The feasibility of this system configuration for solid slaughterhouse fatty waste was evidenced at lab scale reactors, reaching organic matter removal efficiencies higher than 90%. The comparison of this configuration with systems without saponification or without digested solids recirculation confirmed the synergistic effect of both strategies. The use of high throughput sequencing approach (454-pyrosequencing) to characterize the evolution of the biodiversity and the phylogenetic structure of the microbial community during the operation of the tested configurations concluded that a selection of a defined functional acidogenic population (ß-oxidizers) was induced by substrate pretreatment. Contrary, the solids recirculation resulted in an enrichment of the methanogenic biodiversity, mainly of hydrogenotrophic archaea. Based on the satisfactory results obtained with the strategies studied in the present dissertation, it is expected that lipid-rich waste valorization will be a real alternative to increase renewable energy production through anaerobic digestion process.
Author : Phil Boone Cherosky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Yard Waste and Biogas Purification by Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide written by Phil Boone Cherosky and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, in particular yard waste, are highly desired for anaerobic digestion as they are widely available and tipping fees are commonly associated with disposal. The high concentration of lignin presents a major challenge for utilizing yard wastes as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Therefore, additional steps are necessary to increase the biodegradability of yard waste. The initial focus of this study was to test two potential methods for increasing the methane production of yard waste: pretreatment and co-digestion. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment was studied at NaOH concentrations of 3% and 5%. It was found that 3% NaOH pretreatment had no significant improvement on methane production while 5% NaOH pretreatment had a significant negative effect on methane production. The second method studied was co-digestion of yard waste and food waste. Co-digestion at a ratio of 75% food waste and 25% yard waste showed a four-fold increase in methane yield compared to digestion of 50% food waste and 50% yard waste and a two-fold increase in methane production compared to digestion of 100% food waste. Anaerobic digestion of food waste containing protein and other sulfur containing substances produces hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas causes corrosion of metal components such as regulators, gas meters, valves, and mountings. Combustion of biogas containing H2S produces poisonous sulfur dioxide (SO2). The SO2 also dissolves in engine oil causing the oil to become acidic and lose its ability to lubricate. One method for H2S removal involves using hydrated iron oxides supported on a media comprised of wood chips or wood shavings. The iron oxide reacts with the H2S in the gas to form iron sulfide and water. This method is called an iron sponge. The second focus of this study was to test hydrogen sulfide removal using the iron sponge method. The first goal was to determine the optimum operating parameters of an iron sponge system. Using ground yard waste, ideal operating parameters for the iron sponge were determined to be 0.1875" particle size and 15%-25% moisture content. Moisture was found to be a critical factor in the operation of the H2S scrubber system. Optimum moisture content varies with particle size and the materials' ability to absorb water. The iron sponge needs water to properly facilitate H2S conversion to Fe2S3, but high moisture can be problematic. The second and primary goal of this research was to develop and test iron sponge materials using alternative media to the commercial material, SulfaMasterTM, and to identify those with equal or superior performance. An iron sponge using digested yard waste from an anaerobic digester as a media material at 25% moisture was determined to be an ideal alternative to the SulfaMasteTM material removing 90% of the hydrogen sulfide in biogas at initial levels near 1000ppm H2S. The digested yard waste had similar performance to SulfaMasterTM and is an inexpensive substitute. Ground yard waste at 0.1875" particle size performed similarly but results were more erratic. Spent tobacco was not an effective medium for the iron sponge.
Author : Javkhlan Ariunbaatar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)
Download or read book Methods to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste written by Javkhlan Ariunbaatar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment of food waste by anaerobic digestion can lead to an energy production coupled to a reduction of the volume and greenhouse gas emissions from this waste type. Nevertheless, obtaining the highest possible methane recovery in a shorter time with a stable operation is challenging. To overcome the hurdles of AD of FW various pretreatment methods, supplementation of trace elements, bioaugmentation using zoo animals' dung and comparison of reactor configurations including one-stage and two-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) as well as anaerobic membrane reactor (AnMBR) were studied in the scope of this research. Based on the results of the batch experiments, thermal pretreatment at 80°C for 1.5 hours yielded 46 - 52% higher biomethane production, and it is more energy efficient than ozonation or thermophilic shock pretreatments. Among the various tested concentrations and trace elements Fe (II) and Se (VI) concentrations of 25-50 ug/L resulted in 39 and 35% increase of biomethane production, respectively. A better solubilization of proteins (6.96 ± 2.76% more) and recalcitrant carbohydrates (344.85 ± 54.31 mg/L as compared to zero) could be obtained with bioaugmentation of giraffe dung (30% by volume), which yielded a 11.24 ± 4.51% higher biomethane production. A two-stage CSTR with digestate re-circulation performed better than one-stage with (i) a better pH self-adjusting capacity; (ii) a higher resistance to organic loading shocks; (iii) almost 100% volatile solids was destroyed as compared to 71% in one-stage CSTR; (iv) 50-60% methane content was obtained, while it was 40-50% in one-stage CSTR; (v) a small amount of hydrogen was also detected from the first stage of the two-stage reactor making it an attractive biohythane production system. Although physically separating the methanogens made them more sensitive to inhibitory factors, such as ammonium and propionic acid. Moreover, the long hydraulic retention time (HRT) is still the problem with these systems, hence an AnMBR equipped with a side-stream polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was proposed and a successful operation was achieved. Thanks to the membranes the HRT was able to be reduced from 20 d to 1d, while maintaining an overall removal efficiency of >97% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and yielded a higher biogas production with 70% methane content.
Author : Xavier Fonoll Almansa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (954 download)
Download or read book Strategies to Improve Anaerobic Digestion of Wastes with Especial Attention to Lignocellulosic Substrates written by Xavier Fonoll Almansa and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy demand increase and the generation of wastes is being the major problem regarding the next generation sustainability. Both problems can be corrected through the implementation of anaerobic digestion, a waste treatment technology able to produce electricity, heat and a fertilizer. The anaerobic co-digestion between two wastes with complementary characteristics has been widely studied to improve the methane production in anaerobic digesters. However, to increase the methane production from lignocelulosics substrates is still one of the main challenges of anaerobic digestion. Lignocelulosic components are a tridimensional structure between lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, which bonds are extremely difficult to degrade by conventional anaerobic bacteria. Besides, those components can be found in a wide range of substrates such as municipal solid wastes, agro-wastes and energy crops. In the following thesis, the increase of the economic viability of anaerobic digestion plants treating lignocelulosic materials has been studied. Initially, the transitory state while the co-substrate was changed in the anaerobic co-digestion between sewage sludge and fruit waste was studied. The stability of the reactors was not drastically affected when the co-substrate was changed, but, the use of a co-substrate with a high concentration of fibers did not improve the methane production too much. Secondly, in order to consider the valorization of lignocellulosic components through the production of by-products, the effect of these components on the municipal solid wastes anaerobic digestion performance was evaluated. When the paper waste was removed, the biodegradability of the feedstock increased allowing the specific methane production to increase. Nevertheless, the digester was more fragile against instabilities and the digestate quality decreased if short retention times are applied. Next, low-temperature and ultrasounds pretreatments, strategies that have not been used too much for the degradation of lignocellulosic components, were studied to increase the methane production during the anaerobic co-digestion of barley waste and pig manure. Low-temperature and ultrasound pretreatment increased the methane production in a 27 and 12% respectively but only the first one had a positive energy balance. Finally, rumen, a waste from the slaughterhouse industry was used as inoculum and as co-substrate to bring hydrolytic bacteria able to improve the degradation of Napier grass. The results showed that, when rumen is used as inoculum it need to be mixed with an inoculum with high buffer capacity and a co-substrate with alkalinity need to be used to avoid long start-up periods. The methane production only increased at the beginning and in a long-term, the microbial community was governed by the substrate and not by the rumen. However, rumen did not increase the methane production when it was used as a co-substrate because the digester conditions were not optimal for the activity of hydrolytic bacteria. All the experiments were carried out in the laboratory and the conclusions are considered a progress for the energy production through the use of lignocellulosic substrates.
