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Evaluating Bolivias Choices For Trade Integration
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Book Synopsis Evaluating Bolivia's Choices for Trade Integration by : Sarath Rajapatirana
Download or read book Evaluating Bolivia's Choices for Trade Integration written by Sarath Rajapatirana and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Bolivia's Choices for Trade Integration by : Sarath Rajapatirana
Download or read book Evaluating Bolivia's Choices for Trade Integration written by Sarath Rajapatirana and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bolivia - which has liber ...
Book Synopsis Evaluating Bolivia's Choices for Trade Integration by : Sarath Rajapatirana
Download or read book Evaluating Bolivia's Choices for Trade Integration written by Sarath Rajapatirana and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1996 Bolivia -- which has liberalized its trade regime unilaterally on a most-favored-nation basis -- now faces a number of choices for maintaining its position within the Andean Group and for receiving preferential access to Mercosur. Given the size of the market and its potential for export growth, a preferential arrangement with Mercosur is probably the best choice. Regional integration initiatives have surged in Latin America at the same time that many countries on the continent have undertaken unilateral trade liberalization, and prospects for access to external markets have improved with the successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round. Rajapatirana examines the choices faced by one such country: Bolivia. To the extent that different regional trade agreements follow World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, they could increase access to markets and allow the countries to realize gains that unilateral liberalization might not have given them. In this sense, regional trade arrangement are not inconsistent with multilateral free trade based on the most-favored-nation (MFN) principle. Estimating export demand functions using ordinary least squares for different markets as well as an error correction model, constructing a trade compatibility index, and recognizing the presence of contraband trade, Rajapatirana examines Bolivia's four main options for regional integration and ranks them as follows (with the first being Bolivia's best choice): * MFN-based trade combined with a regional agreement that gives it preferential access to Mercosur (GATT-plus trade). * Joining Mercosur and maintaining duty-free access to the Andean Group. * Remaining within the Andean Group and receiving additional market-access concessions from Mercosur. * Remaining within the Andean Group and maintaining existing bilateral trading arrangements. These rankings merely reflect relative trade access to different markets, assuming stability of demand functions and trade and production patterns. In the final analysis, regional integration is not merely a matter of economics but is related to domestic and regional politics -- and those who gain from different choices will support those choices. MFN trade would elicit neither strong opposition nor strong support, as its benefits and costs are more symmetrically distributed than trade associated with increased regional integration. This paper -- a product of the Operations Policy Group, Operations Policy Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to disseminate results of policy analysis.
Book Synopsis Pricing Industrial Pollution in China by : Hua Wang
Download or read book Pricing Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of provincial water pollution control shows that China's pollution levy system has been working much better than is commonly believed. Wang and Wheeler analyze China's experience with the water pollution levy, an emissions charge system that covers hundreds of thousands of factories. The levy experience has not been studied systematically, but anecdotal critiques have suggested that the system is arbitrarily administered and ineffective in controlling pollution. Critics view the levy as a local financing mechanism, but ineffective as a regulatory instrument. Enforcement is thought to vary widely, so that factories in different regions face different penalties for polluting. And it is widely believed that the levy provides little incentive to control pollution because official rates are below marginal abatement costs. Wang and Wheeler test the conventional critique of the levy system using solid new province level data for 1987-93. Their results suggest that the water pollution levy system is neither arbitrary nor ineffective. Across provinces and over time, variations in the effective levy rate are well explained by proxies for local valuation of environmental damage and community capacity to enforce local norms. During 1987-93, rapid development in many provinces led to sharp increases in the effective rate. Their results also suggest that the emissions intensity of Chinese industy was highly responsive to those increases, because marginal abatement costs were often lower than levy rates. And from 1987 to 1993, provincial pollution intensities fell at a median rate of 50 percent, and total discharges at a median rate of 22 percent. The results suggest several lessons for regulators in developing countries: * Local enforcement of national standards will determine the effective price of pollution in each area. Such regional heterogeneity is natural and legitimate. * The locally enforced price of pollution rises with industrial development. * Early in the regulatory process, industrial emissions intensity is highly responsive to changes in the price of pollution, mainly because marginal costs are often quite low in low to medium abatement ranges. In China, provincial adjustments of effective levy rates and other regulatory instruments have been sufficient to induce sharp declines in emissions intensity and reductions in total emissions from registered factories during a period of rapid industrial growth. This paper -- a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20).
Book Synopsis Banking reform in transition countries by : Stijn Claessens
Download or read book Banking reform in transition countries written by Stijn Claessens and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements by : Michael G. Plummer
Download or read book Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements written by Michael G. Plummer and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
Download or read book Policy Research Working Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Trade Policies of Developing Countries by : Sarath Rajapatirana
Download or read book The Trade Policies of Developing Countries written by Sarath Rajapatirana and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 2000 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This account traces the relationship of the developing countries with the world economy, the factors leading to trade reforms, and the political economy aspects of reforms. A sample of 20 countries provides specific examples of reforms.
Book Synopsis Trade, Development and Political Economy by : D. Lal
Download or read book Trade, Development and Political Economy written by D. Lal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-03-28 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade, Development and Political Economy takes fundamental issues in trade and development policy and subjects them to well-based economic analysis in a form that is easily accessible to the non-specialist. Distinguished contributors address some of the following questions: Are critics of outward-orientated development wrong? What caused the financial crisis of East Asia? Who supports trade and aid in the US? And, what are the conditions needed to promote growth? They also look forward to what trade policies and agreements will be needed in the future.
Author :United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa Publisher :United Nations, Economic Commission for Africa ISBN 13 : Total Pages :304 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Assessing Regional Integration in Africa by : United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa
Download or read book Assessing Regional Integration in Africa written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa and published by United Nations, Economic Commission for Africa. This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines progress towards regional integration in Africa; defined as one of the anchoring ideals of African unity and the basis for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) development framework. The report analyses the current state of the integration process, highlighting where efforts have succeeded or failed. Findings include that progress has been mixed across sectors, regional economic communities and member states; with some notable progress in trade, communications, transport and macroeconomic policy. Overall however, substantial gaps remain between goals and achievements of most regional economic communities, particularly in terms of internal African trade, macroeconomic policy convergence, production and physical connectivity. A summary report is also available (ISBN 9211250927)
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policies in the Andean Group by : Tim Josling
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policies in the Andean Group written by Tim Josling and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chapter on Ecuador offers a comparison with other Andean Pact countries. Argues that Ecuador is most in need of stability and security offered by regional market access"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Book Synopsis Essentials for Sustainable Urban Transport in Brazil's Large Metropolitan Areas by : Jorge M. Rebelo
Download or read book Essentials for Sustainable Urban Transport in Brazil's Large Metropolitan Areas written by Jorge M. Rebelo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Open Economies Work Better! by : Francis Ng
Download or read book Open Economies Work Better! written by Francis Ng and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Budgetary Institutions and Expenditure Outcomes by : José Edgardo L. Campos
Download or read book Budgetary Institutions and Expenditure Outcomes written by José Edgardo L. Campos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Benefits of Growth for Indonesian Workers by : Nisha Agrawal
Download or read book The Benefits of Growth for Indonesian Workers written by Nisha Agrawal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Prices and Macroeconomic Policies Affect Agricultural Supply and the Environment by : Nlandu Mamingi
Download or read book How Prices and Macroeconomic Policies Affect Agricultural Supply and the Environment written by Nlandu Mamingi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Lender of Last Resort Function Under a Currency Board by :
Download or read book The Lender of Last Resort Function Under a Currency Board written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: